overview
Golden cherry is an evergreen or climbing shrub of the Rosaceae family, with large flowers, yellow-red fruits, and a stalk on the stem, which is a good ornamental plant on the edge of the garden, and its fruit can be used as a traditional Chinese medicine, but also a good material for processing syrups, juices, medicinal liquors and so on. Its purchase price has been more than twenty yuan / kg for more than a decade, and it is an optional cash crop developed by rural farmers to grow.
Golden cherry plant morphology
Evergreen or climbing shrub, stem with barb-like spines, new branches brown, old branches turn greenish purple, pinnate compound leaves, alternate, leaflets are often 3 to 5, leaves oval or lanceolate ovate, edges serrated, leaf surface leathery, glossy, petiole long with thorny hairs, large flowers, white, single new branch tips, flower trays expand into inverted ovate (fruit), when ripe from green to yellowish red, the whole fruit has straight thorns, fleshy, sweet, the fruit contains hairy seeds, flowering period 3 to April, fruit ripening period 9 to 10 months.
Golden cherry blossom growth habit
Prefers warm, humid climates and sunny environments. In China's east China, central south, southwest and southern Shaanxi Province are wild, the soil requirements are not strict, neutral, slightly acidic soil growth is good, wet, waterlogged, saline and alkalin aboveground growth is poor. Artificial planting should choose fertile soil, well-drained plots to plant more roots (roots are traditional Chinese medicine), and the fruits are more and fatter.
reproduction
Propagation by cuttings can keep the fruit less variable, and can also be propagated by seeds.
1, seed propagation, in 9 to 10 parts, when the fruit peel is yellow-red, harvest the ripe fruit, peel off the seeds, wash off the hair, dry and sow. If sown in the spring of the following year, the dried seeds should be stored with a mixture of 3 times the river sand, and when sown in early March, the seeds will be sieved out, mixed with the ash of grass and trees, sown on the seedbed, sown in a horizontal ditch according to the row spacing of 25 cm, and covered with weeds (3 kg of seed per mu). In late April, seedlings can be produced, the grass can be dug up, the fertilizer management is applied, and the seedlings sown need to be cultivated for 2 years before they are only one meter high, and they can be colonized in the nursery.
2, cuttings propagation, rose family plant cuttings grow faster than sowing. Cuttings have winter cuttings and spring cuttings, winter cuttings using plastic arch closed insulation and moisturizing, in October-November, the selection of the annual fully wooden hard branches, cut off the top, cut into 20 cm long cuttings, cut into a beveled mouth, with rooting powder with yellow mud mouth, and then with a wooden stick in the socket hole, insert 2/3 of the cuttings, compaction, watering, seedbed surface covered with double plastic arch moisturizing, ventilation every 10 days, the arch shed at night with grass curtains to keep warm, the sun during the day to warm, the general Qingming before and after the cuttings began to sprout, The arch can be dismantled, naturally grown, cultivated for one year, the seedlings can reach more than 80 cm, and can be colonized in the nursery. Spring planting before and after the Qingming Dynasty, without plastic arches, generally before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, can germinate, and the next spring can be moved to colonize seedlings.
Planting technical wood
1, land selection
Nursery land, to consider the growth of seedlings, but also consider the convenience of digging and transplanting, should choose a thick soil layer, loose soil, good drainage, good irrigation of the place, generally selected or manufactured into sand loam soil.
Cuttings seedbed, the use of good permeability, flat terrain, because the golden cherry blossoms are mostly winter or early spring cuttings, the temperature can only rely on sunlight to improve more convenient, choose more sunny places.
Planting land, golden cherry seeds need to be sunny fruit, rhizome development, whether to sell fruit and sell roots, the first consideration of sunny gentle slope land (root development), hills, flat land (high fruit yield), can also be planted sporadically in the gap (single plant yield is particularly good), planting land should be reclaimed in advance in winter, dig a good colonization hole, can make the soil next to the hole mature, apply farm manure before colonization.
2, colonization, golden cherry seeds are mostly colonized in the nursery with a length of 80--100 cm, too long transplanting is inconvenient, too short growth of less roots. It is usually carried out in early spring from February to March or from October to November in early winter. On the well-prepared planting ground (generally dig the colonization hole first, the curing is better) according to the row spacing of 150X70 cm to dig the hole, the hole depth is 50 cm, each hole is applied with 5 kg of soil fertilizer, mix well with the subsoil, cover the fine soil with 10 cm, straighten the seedlings, make the roots stretch out, fill the soil compaction, cover the soil slightly above the ground after planting, and finally water the root water.
Field management
1, in the cultivation of weeding and topdressing, within the first three years after rooting, every spring, summer, autumn each in the cultivation of weeding, fertilization once, after the 4th year most of the planting land is sealed, as long as fertilization can be applied. Fertilization essentials, spring, summer application of farm manure, autumn topdressing of phosphorus fertilizer, fertilization with 30 cm of furrow between the rows, cover the soil. In autumn, open a ring-shaped ditch around the rhizosphere, and cultivate the soil after application to improve heat preservation and prevent lodging.
2, pruning, colonization, golden cherry pruning is to seize the guarantee of high yield, every winter to cut off dead branches, delicate, dense, aging, long, diseased and insect branches. The growth of strong long branches is shortened, which promotes more new branches and more flowering and fruiting. After each pruning, organic fertilizer should be applied and management should be strengthened in order to obtain high yields of golden cherry blossoms.
3, intercropping set, 1 to 2 years after colonization, the golden cherry seed is vacant between the rows, you can plant some shorter crops than it, can increase fertilizer, there is economic income.
4, drainage and irrigation, after colonization in case of drought, timely watering to protect seedlings, timely drainage in the rainy season, can not let the planting land accumulate water.
Pest and disease control
Golden cherry disease is mainly powdery mildew, insect pest rose whitewheel borer.
Powdery mildew occurs mostly at high temperature and high humidity, harming leaves, stems, flower stalks, young leaves at the beginning of the disease, leaves twisted to be light gray, and later on the leaf stems and flower stalks to generate a kind of white powder cover, flowers can not bloom, plants die.
Prevention and control methods, control nitrogen fertilizer application, can not make the golden cherry nuts grow too vigorously. After the new leaves grow, spray Bordeaux liquid (see pesticide instructions), spray several times in a row, and basically stop.
Rose whitewheel borer, in July-August specializes in endangering the young shoots of Rosaceae, but also in clusters. It can be sprayed with 1500 times liquid 40% oxide, or it can be eaten with natural enemy ladybirds.
Harvesting and processing
Generally, the fruit begins in 2 years after colonization in the fertile planting land of Xiangyang, and the others start fruit in 3 years, and harvest when the fruit turns yellow and red from September to October. When the golden cherry fruit is harvested and spread out to dry until it hardens, it is wiped with a wooden plank or placed in a bamboo basket to knock off the burr and dried. There are also cut and peeled seeds to dry the pulp, which is twice as expensive.
The medicinal materials department also purchases golden cherry root, digs one-third of the root of each plant after the winter fruit picking, covers the soil, does not affect the production of golden cherry seeds in the second year, digs out the root and removes the whisker root, washes and dries, that is, the golden cherry root.
Golden cherry blossom cultivation is a newly planted plant that has just developed, which can be used to make use of the sunny plots of barren mountains and wild mountains, and the income is earlier than other woody and stem and root species, which is a good planting project to get rich.