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National Geographic read notes

author:Sen Qingqing

1. Five hundred years ago, Magellan set sail from Yang Fan, Spain, and opened a distance of 100,000 kilometers all the way to the west, realizing the first round-the-world voyage in human history, forever changing the world pattern, and laying the foundation for europe's colonization of the New World in the name of trade.

2. The bronze-age town of Yancheng is now the birthplace of Frozen magic. Located in the Austrian state of Austria, this harstad town is now a tourist attraction.

3. Cat man's translator --- cat whisperer. The study found that humans can understand subtle forms of communication within cats, especially facial expressions. Therefore, cat whisperers refer to people who can decipher the expression of cats and belong to a special group.

4. In a 3,300-year-old banquet scene, women wear tapered objects on their heads. Such paintings were common in ancient Egypt, prompting archaeologists to speculate whether the head cone was an artistic symbol like a halo or a physical object with practical uses. Due to the lack of information about the lives of most ancient Egyptians, the stories of those buried ancients need to be further unearthed. Therefore, archaeologists have not yet completely solved the "head cone mystery" of ancient Egypt.

5. While restoring an 18-world statue, in "The Hips of Jesus", Spanish historians discovered a time capsule that turned out to be Spain's history 240 years ago.

6. Regardless of the pyramids, Cairo with mixed winds also has a unique flavor, starting from Cairo, the capital of Egypt, to appreciate the charm of the fusion of ancient and modern in this country.

7. The Antarctic and the Arctic are not one in the south and one in the north

Oh, these two places on the earth have the highest latitude, although they are all wrapped in silver and snow, but their differences are indeed worlds apart.

Antarctica is an ice-covered continent, far from other continents, standing at the end of the world, at the bottom of the earth, and the surrounding oceans are full of life.

The Arctic is not a continent, it is made up of the Arctic Ocean and other bodies of water, not far from the populous Europe and North America.

The waters of Antarctica are too cold and there are no sharks. There are 6 species of sharks in the Arctic, including the mysterious Greenland shark that has lived for at least 272 years.

Ask little treasure polar bear will eat penguins? Xiao Bao said no, because one is in the North Pole and one is in the South Pole, they are separated and cannot be eaten.

8. Explore and solve the "Shipwreck Museum" hidden deep under the Black Sea. Although it spans thousands of years, the 41 shipwrecks found under the Black Sea are well preserved, almost not corroded by the sea, and even the ropes, drawers, and carvings inside are clearly visible. Finally, scientists confirmed that it was because of the special seawater nature of the Black Sea that it isolated the intrusion of oxygen and delayed the decay rate of the shipwreck.

9. Researchers found the "soul vessel" of a noblewoman of the famous Italian Medici family from a church hundreds of years ago, and tested the lilac drink that she used to take during her life.

10. When we reach the top of Alaska, what are we looking at? Head all the way north and feel the polar daylight. Polar day is no night, it is always day! The closer you get to the North and South Poles, the longer you experience polar daylight. If you stand on the pole, the day you experience can even be as long as half a year. Today's lesson is about showing some of the most stunning landscapes in these places that never sleep.

11. Learn about the amazing marine animals --- manta rays. If you go snorkeling in the warm waters of Australia, you may meet them unexpectedly. And "Inspector Crusoe" is currently the only pink manta ray in the world.

12. Did the hobbits, who span thousands of years, also have descendants? According to the study, the answer is no.

13. Are Chinese really that fond of wild game? I don't like to eat anyway. This lesson takes us into wildlife trading.

14. The Namib Desert in southeastern Africa is one of the oldest and driest deserts in the world and is the source of diamonds. However, in this vast and desolate land, there is an uninhabited "ghost town". It is hard to imagine that in the last century, this town was once an incredibly prosperous place that many people flocked to. Today's lesson is about telling the legendary story of this namibian ghost town. It allows us to see the extraordinary building power that the ancients possessed, and at the same time

Witnessing the evil colonial system reminds us of humanity's ability to waste raw materials and create suffering.

15. Some sharks, which look unchanged for hundreds of millions of years, have actually secretly learned to walk. Scientists have recently discovered a walking shark species, which is incredible. Because continuous evolution makes it easier for them to survive and not to become extinct.

16. Ancient humans 1500 years ago actually swallowed poisonous snakes.

17. Since the beginning of 2020, the commander of Iran's special forces was suddenly killed by an air strike by the US military, resulting in another escalation of the US-Iran conflict, this article tells us what we will lose if the US-Iran conflict breaks out again?

From sprawling Persian palaces to beautifully built religious shrines, Iran is home to 22 UNITED Nations World Heritage Sites and hundreds of historical sites of global influence.

18. Delicious cultural tour, today's article takes us to experience the world's top ten food museums focusing on food and drink, and quickly let us understand the cultural background of various cuisines. For example, the history of chocolate, the antique exhibition of mustard, etc.

19. There is a difference between poisonous animals and animals that secrete venom. The simple understanding is that poisonous animals only passively secrete toxins from their skin when they are touched or eaten. Animals that secrete venom, on the contrary, actively release toxic mixtures in a state of aggression.

20. With the development of science and the progress of society, the forms of art are becoming more and more diverse. I didn't expect that microorganisms that are difficult to detect even by the naked eye could be used for artistic creation. Learn about the art of agar, step into the microscopic world, and feel the imagination of scientists.

21. Look back at the vicissitudes and glory of Notre Dame Cathedral after 800 years. This famous cultural icon of France is praised as a "living building" that plays a symphony of stones.

22. Japan Rail Journey.

23.The critically endangered Madagascar Lemur will disappear in 2080 because of illegal human deforestation, which has rendered much of the country's protected areas useless.

24. A new study shows that air pollution not only affects physical health, but also increases the incidence of neurological diseases such as depression.

25. Pompeii Restoration Plan. This ghostly ancient city, buried by rock chips for nearly two thousand years, is being reborn in Nirvana. I remember getting to know this wealthy city in southern Italy from the movie "The End of Pompeii". Looking forward to rebirth.

26. In Los Angeles, California, nearly 1,500 large and small donut stores are scattered all over the streets, and various donut-shaped buildings are lined up one after another, so it is called "donut holy land".

27. From dung beetles to seals, many animals are masters of the way and rely on the stars in the sky to navigate.

28. For the first time in 50 years, the Canadian paleontological community has discovered a new species of Tyrannosaurus rex, the "Death Reaper".

29. Eight days and eight nights of Hanukkah is one of the five most important festivals in Judaism. Understanding how ancient uprisings became celebrations of light is the story of hanukkah.

30. In Finland, in northern Europe, learn about their creative and fun sauna life.

31. The White Bell Sparrow in the Amazon Rainforest of South America is the world's largest-voiced bird, and the normal human voice is 60 decibels, while its call can reach 125 decibels, which is comparable to the sound you hear standing next to the loudspeakers of a rock concert.

32. It turns out that stars will also die, and at a distance of 6 million light-years from Earth, one of the brightest stars in the universe--- Betelgeuse may usher in the "darkest hour", astronomers speculate that it has exploded.

33. Remember the Day of the Dead in Dream Quest, which existed in the real-life Oaxaca people. Today's introduction is the bread of the undead, their medium of life and death. In fact, we Fujian people also have this kind of festival, commonly known as the ghost festival of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, I remember my mother told me from childhood not to go out at night this whole month, because there are undead wandering outside. On any day of the month, a large table of sumptuous food and incense offerings should be arranged for the ancestors of the family. At the end of the ceremony, we can eat the food that has been sacrificed, and such food can also bless our descendants with peace.

34. Hiking is a compulsory course for travelers, not the kind of people who are busy running between famous attractions one after another, punching in all kinds of Internet celebrity holy places in the crowded sea. Instead, say goodbye to a punch-card tour and take an immersive free trip. You can explore many parts of the world on foot, admiring stunning landscapes, catching a glimpse of wildlife, and encountering new cultural customs.

35. Magical "resurrection from the dead" animals: giant tortoises, Bermuda petrels, Caspian hippocampuss.

36. Every behavior and personality trait you think is determined by your own willpower is actually driven by the biological characteristic of genes. However, understanding the molecular basis of our own bad behavior allows us to better control or correct them, and it also exercises willpower.

37. Visit Antarctica and follow in the footsteps of the pioneers of the White Desert.

38. The creepy Sedlets Osmosphere Church.

39. Fish from the stars found in India --- the world's largest cave fish.

40. Break away from the imagination of the sci-fi world and uncover the mystery of the death of Lucy, the mother of humanity.

41. Flip through the dusty history to understand the true origin of 214 Valentine's Day. Originally, the first 214 was to celebrate the feast of the martyr St. Valentine, and later a poet Chaucer accidentally associated Valentine's Day with romance, so that later shakespeare and other poets followed this idea, giving Valentine's Day a romantic connotation.

42. Recommend tourist destinations that don't have too many people going to, such as Trieste, which is a few hours by train from Venice. This elegant Italian city is right next to Slovenia, with spectacular canals and luxurious palaces on both sides.

43. Grignard zebra, that is, rare fine-striped zebra. The existential dilemma we are facing --- constraints and freedom.

44. The so-called blessing and misfortune are interdependent, and the asteroid 66 million years ago hit the earth, taking away three-quarters of the species on the earth, including terror. But it also gives new life to existing species.

45. In addition to the well-known Easter eggs and rabbit elements, there are also dazzling and bizarre Easter celebrations around the world.

46. 20 truly adventure-worthy islands around the world.

47. The high-tech tactile vest needed for dialogue and interaction with Wang Xingren. The owner gives instructions to the dogs through the vibration of the vest, allowing them to complete the secret task in a silent state.

48. Will the Milky Way collide with the Fairy System, and will the Earth begin to wander as the movie showed?

The leap year system introduced by Caesar in the 49th century, and then Pope Gregory XIII published the Gregorian calendar, which perfectly matched the leap year with the law of the earth's movement around the sun, ensuring the orderly progress of life and production.

50. Graffiti, beer, grilled meat, take you to play around Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall. It is the city with the most graffiti in Europe, and creative street art has earned Berlin the title of UNESCO's "City of Design". The East Side Gallery is the longest and largest open-air gallery in the world, with 101 graffiti all over the Surviving Berlin Wall.

51. Why did the whale run aground? In addition to starvation due to the loss of prey, it may also be related to solar storms.

52. Explore the ancient man Oates Iceman before 3300 BC, who is more than a thousand years older than the Egyptian mummy.

53. The depth of Leonardo da Vinci, the brightness of Vermeer, the vitality of Van Gogh ... They are the classics of Western art and the protagonists of the sensational art theft. The plot of the theft in the world's leading museums can be more ups and downs than the movies.

54.10 heart-warming travel moments.

55. Bright black skin with white spots, the starry night clown toad that has been extinct for thirty years, reappears in the highest and most remote coastal mountain range on Earth--- colombia's Santa Marta Sierra Nevada.

56. Scientific research shows that it is not possible to rely on plants to purify indoor air, because the purification function of green plants is minimal and far from enough. The most effective method is to eliminate sources of air pollution.

57. Enjoy festive greeting cards for twentieth-century artists. 58. Explore Pakistan, a wild and beautiful tourist destination. Especially Dvosay National Park.

59. A fun way for animals to start preparing in the autumn to withstand the cold winter. For example, frantically gathering food, looking for a partner, etc.

60. The discovery of the remains of the dead of the Black Death provides a rare new perspective on the study of plague.

61. According to exploration archaeology in northern Guatemala, laser scanning reveals hidden sites of large-scale warfare, revealing possible causes of the demise of the mysterious Mayans.

62. The isolated Atacama Desert is one of the driest regions on Earth outside of the North and South Poles, seemingly silent but full of life. Close to the area's famous Salt Flats of Saral Atacama, flamingos live here.

63. A small bird called the red-breasted turtle, which not only forwards messages from other birds, but also screens and de-falsifies the information. Their prudence is truly incredible. If only humans had this ability to distinguish between true and false information.

64. Plastic pollution has been undegradable, and to solve this problem, an old-school approach to loop projects has re-emerged. That is, to return to tradition and use recyclable and refillable containers.

65. Archaeology in the parking lot of Jerusalem reveals the remains of an ancient Greek fortress that is more than 2,000 years old. This monument confirms that Greek culture once ruled the ancient city. Previous texts have documented the Jewish uprising that eventually drove the Greeks out of Jerusalem, so the victory of this uprising is still celebrated on Hanukkah.

66. Enjoy the Venice Carnival, the masquerade ball in costume is very interesting.

67. Grizzly bears eat anything, whether it is plants, animals, fish, or insects.

68. The ancient Two Rivers Valley has given birth to countless brilliant civilizations. Among them, the decorative reliefs of the Assyrian Empire period are exquisite and the craftsmanship is complex, highlighting the superb aesthetic and artistic creativity of the Assyrians. Today, thanks to the efforts of archaeologists, ten reliefs of the remains of the assyrian empire's waterway system are rarely recreated in northern Iraq. It can be seen that the Assyrian Empire was not only heroic and extraordinary militarily, but also accomplished in public works.

69. Origin of International Women's Day.

70. The Seven Little-Known Wonders of Africa. The Danagil Depression is one of the hottest and least livable places on Earth, and the arid volcanic landscape is breathtaking.

71. Marine animals are forced to eat plastic, calling on human beings to be environmentally friendly and to love our common earth home.

Finger bones from 72.88,000 years ago tell you when humans left Africa.

73. Dark paint --- mummies.

74. Enter the Base of the Living Dead and visit the past and present lives of the zombie world.

75. On the island of Elephanta in northern Antarctica, as Antarctica warms, rainfall increases, resulting in a cap-banded penguin population that may have been reduced by more than half.

76. The rise and fall of the millennium, the rise and fall of Jericho. Located in Palestine.

77. Why the plague doctor wears a bird's beak mask, in the face of antibiotics, actually does not play a protective role.

78. Play with Kenya's cities and grasslands. You can see the magnificent wildebeest migration scene, as well as elephants, lions, leopards, rhinos and bison.

79. Capuchin monkeys have entered the "Stone Age" for three thousand years.

80. Light pollution has become a new threat to Arctic marine life.

81. The legend behind proper handwashing. To prevent the spread of diseases such as the flu and coronavirus, handwashing is the least controversial and effective method.

82. From the mountains of Korea to the heather fields and swamps of Ireland, to The Island of Luck Bay, to the Shrine of Kumano in Japan, these pilgrimage roads challenge you physically and mentally!

83. Why can an inverted jellyfish "sting people in the air"? In mangrove waters around the globe, there is a jellyfish that has no tentacles but can sting people, because they release mucus clumps full of tiny venom shells.

84. Explore the parenting methods of dinosaurs, dinosaur eggs are also colorful.

85. How the Anga tribe makes modern mummies.

86. Authentic five lines, play all over Mexico City in one day. Teotihuacan is an ancient city worth exploring, where a distant and mysterious Indian civilization took root.

87. Birds with date-shell-sized heads are actually very intelligent. For example, crows recognize human faces, cockatoos have a sense of rhythm and rhythm, and some birds have outstanding artistic talents, and even some act in the same way as humans. Learn about these "gifted" birds and see their jaw-dropping abilities.

88. Scientists have discovered the "queue" of trilobites, a low-level marine creature that has already created the conga dance hundreds of millions of years ago, like the conga dance that originated in Cuba.

89. The "Dead Sea Scrolls" in the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C., USA, turned out to be a fake! It plays out an unusual story in a shocking way.

90. The ancient city of Bam --- a pearl on the Silk Road.

91. Why are extinct mammoths included in the "endangered species" list? It turned out to be a fight against ivory smuggling. This is because the tusks of the remains of mammoths trapped under the ice all year round in the Siberian region are becoming easier to dig.

92. There is a dinosaur called the Kwanya Eyetooth Bird, the smallest prehistoric dinosaur to date, which is similar in size to a hummingbird, and scientists recently found a fossilized skull in an amber piece in Myanmar.

93. In 1930, with the completion of the first deep-sea diving ball, zoologist Bibby and engineer Barton fearlessly dived into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean near Bermuda in the package of deep-sea diving balls, announcing the success of the first truly manned deep-sea expedition.

94. The most beautiful Italian "hideaway" island --- ischia.

95. Scientists found the yellow-backed leaf-eared rat inhabiting the top of the Yuyeyako volcano at an altitude of 6700 meters, breaking the world record.

96. Polo, known as the "King's Sport", is a challenging equestrian competition that has been a pastime for the nobility for hundreds of years. A study confirmed that a noblewoman in ancient China liked to ride a donkey and play polo. Among the works of art of the Tang Dynasty, including pottery figurines and murals, archaeology confirms that polo originated in China and was popular in the Tang Dynasty.

97. Explore the mystery of King Arthur.

98. The Ruphali Desert is the largest continuous desert in the world, and Alein, the "Garden of the Bay", located in the heart of the desert, has preserved the beautiful oasis for nearly four thousand years under harsh conditions. If you have the chance, you can walk through this tree-lined, god-made city.

99. Shark fin smuggling, the United States can not escape the blame!

100. InSight landed on Mars in November 2018 and a few months later detected an earthquake buzzing on Mars, thrilling seismologists on Earth. To date, more than 450 times have been recorded.

101. Earth's favorite color: Mars green. Shades between green and blue, gray.