Saguaro, also known as the Giant's Column (Carnegiea gigantea), is one of the most spectacular cacti in the Sonoran Desert in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States, and it has long had and continues to have a significant impact on native Americans. Bruhn (1971), Crosswhite (1980), Felger and Moser (1985), and Moerman (1998) conducted extensive research on this cactus and its uses. It is thought that the ancient Hohokam and Sinagua, contemporaneous with the Anasazi, ate the fruit of Sagaaro and also used dried ribbed stems as beams for stone-walled houses (Cheetham 1994, 18). The Hohokams also created works of art, etching patterns on seed shells, using saguaro, which had been fermented into vinegar (Crosswhite 1980, 53–54).
In some other Native American tribes that have cacti growing in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, legend has it that the use of cacti is long gone. Three tribes in the area all call themselves O'odham, including the Akimel O'odham, Tohono O'odham (Papago) and Hiach-eD O'Odham (Hiach-eD O'odham Sappago SandPaago) on the North Pima River, They have a long history with the Sagaaro cactus. Similarly, the Seri of northwestern Mexico used Saguaro to the extreme (Felger and Moser 1985 247-248).
Although there is no record of the first observation of this large cactus by the Anglos, in 1540 the Spanish explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado and his team almost certainly saw the Saguros and a group of Native Americans who "drank wine made from dragon fruit (pitahaya), a large thistle fruit like a pomegranate opening" （Mitich，1972 119）。
The term pitahaya (now popular around the world) was used by the Spaniards to refer to several columnar cacti and their fruits, and the name saguaro, also spelled "suwarro", first appeared in the W. H . In a report by Colonel Emory. H . Emory explored the U.S.-Mexico border in 1848 (Mitich 1972 122).
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