Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, the first and last president of the Soviet Union, died in Moscow on August 30 local time at the age of 91. Gorbachev's rise to power in the Soviet Union triggered a series of revolutionary changes that changed the map of Europe and ended the Cold War, which threatened nuclear annihilation to the world. He was the winner of the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize, played himself in more than 70 film and television dramas, and was the terminator of the Soviet Union, known as the "guiding light of Europe".
At the end of the 20th century, in just over six years of turmoil, Gorbachev lifted the "Iron Curtain" of the Soviet Union, decisively changing the political climate of the world, for the Soviet Union Gorbachev was a sinner, in Russia, which inherited most of the Soviet mantle, he was not welcome, while in the West he was very popular. His merits and demerits are seen differently in everyone's eyes, and we have no right to publicly evaluate them, so let's look at Gorbachev's achievements during the last five years of soviet rule:
The Soviet Union, which had become a world power weighed down by a weak economy, promised and achieved greater openness, and began to grope for restructuring the country's socio-political and shaky economy, but these measures failed to save the Soviet Union, and in the face of huge domestic resistance to reform, high-level political differences, and Gorbachev's own use of eclectic vacillation, which made the reform use too strong, directly leading to the end of the Soviet Union.
During his administration, he announced that the Soviet Union would renounce interference in the internal affairs of Eastern European countries, allowing eastern European countries to democratize and giving eastern European peoples freedom of choice rather than violent strangulation.
Under his presidency, the United States and the Soviet Union reached a weapons agreement, eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons for the first time, and began to withdraw most of the Soviet Union's tactical nuclear weapons from Eastern Europe, dissipating the shadow of nuclear war that had enveloped the world for decades.
He announced the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, tacitly acknowledging that the invasion of 1979 and the nine-year occupation of Afghanistan were a bad rout.
In the face of the human catastrophe Chernobyl nuclear leak, although initially vague, he finally exposed the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant to the public, a frank performance unprecedented in the Soviet Union.
He approved democratic reforms for multiparty elections in Soviet cities, and under his leadership the CPSU cracked down on high-level corruption and hundreds of corrupt officials were removed from office.
He released dissidents, including physicist Andrei Sakharov, lifted restrictions on media coverage in the Soviet Union, allowed the publication of books that had previously been censored, and allowed the playback of previously banned films.
He deviated from the official history of Soviet atheism, allowed freedom of religion, and helped enact a free conscience law that guaranteed the right of people to "meet their spiritual needs."
On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev was forced to resign as president of the Soviet Union and then transfer state power to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. The reform policy of rebuilding the social base became a double-edged sword, and the habit of living under Soviet rule from birth to death for 70 years was deeply rooted, and in the face of numerous resistance to reform, the reforms eventually failed, and after five years of Gorbachev's political and economic reforms, the shelves of the shops were still empty, which also made soviets who lived through that era generally accuse him of being wrong.
In the later period of its existence, in order to maintain the struggle for hegemony with the United States, the Soviet Union invaded and plundered resources everywhere, and it has become a serious threat to world peace. As a close neighbor, the end of the Soviet Union also posed an extremely serious threat to our country. Around the 1980s, our country's military forces were primarily prepared and armed against Soviet threats and aggression. At that time, the mainland was also in a state of complete opposition to the Soviet Union, and Gorbachev, as the terminator of the Soviet Union, indirectly benefited the development of our country.
After World War II, China and the Soviet Union had a honeymoon period, and the Soviet Union gave China great help in the military industry. But then, for a series of reasons, Sino-Soviet relations broke down. Due to the long border line between the two countries at that time, both China and the Soviet Union had to spend a lot of energy to arrange border defenses, and the pressure was very high. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, China eased border pressures in this area and had a relatively stable environment to develop its economy.
There are many similarities between China and the Soviet Union in terms of system, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union has also provided Some Historical Lessons for China, providing negative teaching materials for the future reform and opening up development of the mainland, the development of people's livelihood, culture, military, and economy, so that we can refer to it. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, in terms of military industry, China took advantage of the trend to poach a part of the military industry talents from Ukraine and purchased some sophisticated weapons, allowing China's military industry to develop rapidly. In terms of economy, a large number of China's light industrial products can be exported to Russia to stimulate the economy, and Russia exports a large amount of oil and gas to the mainland, and the economic and trade exchanges between the two sides have enabled China to develop rapidly economically. The collapse of the Soviet Union objectively contributed to China's rise to a certain extent.
"The Soviet Union is dead, why are you still alive?" Whenever such a question sounded in Gorbachev's ear, his lips trembled, his eyes moistened, and he wanted to stop talking. He knows the answer, but he can't.
"When is the spring flower and autumn moon?" How much do you know about the past. Xiao Lou had another east wind last night, and the homeland could not look back at the moon in the middle of the moon."
I am a volunteer to cover the sky, welcome to pay attention to Zhi Ge and you see the world, let me take you to think about the history that cannot be read in the textbook ~ ~~