Enclave, a special human geography phenomenon, refers to the land under the jurisdiction of a certain administrative region but not adjacent to the district, if a certain administrative subject has an enclave, then it can not take its own administrative area to reach the place, can only "fly" through the territory of other administrative subjects, in order to reach its own enclave, the following is a list of ten national enclaves, in no particular order.
1. The Northern Mariana Islands and Guam of the United States
1. Northern Mariana Islands
The Northern Mariana Islands are located in the tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean and are part of the U.S. Overseas Territory. The total land area is about 475 square kilometers and consists of 14 islands, of which Saipan, Tinian and Rota are the three largest. The total population is about 58,000 (estimated in 2020), of which 90% live on Saipan.
The Northern Mariana Islands are famous for having the deepest trench in the world, the "Mariana Trench", which can hold the entire Mount Everest and has a deepest point of 10,911 meters.
The entire Northern Mariana Islands is formed by the accumulation of coral reefs and volcanic eruptions. The coastline of the island is almost surrounded by steep cliffs and coral barriers, forming many snow-white sand beaches and beautiful shallow seas.
With its unpolluted natural environment, charming cultural landscape and leisurely social atmosphere, the Northern Mariana Islands are known as "unpolished jade".
It was occupied by U.S. troops in 1944 and became an important air base for U.S. troops. In 1962 it became the capital of the U.S. Trusteeship on the Pacific Islands. On November 28, 2009, the U.S. federal government took over immigration for the Union of the Northern Mariana Islands.
2. Guam
The Territory of Guam is located in the western Pacific Ocean, the southernmost point of the Mariana Islands, with a total area of 549 square kilometers, slightly larger than Zhoushan Island, the fourth largest island in China, and is an "informal territory" of the United States.
The population is 178,000, the indigenous people are Chamorro people, the capital of Agania. It is adjacent to the Federation of the Northern Mariana Islands, 9800 km east of the United States and 3010 km west of China (mainland).
Guam was successively occupied by Spain, Japan and the United States, and is now an overseas territory of the United States, which is an unconstitutional territory of the United States, and the indigenous people of the island are Chamorro people, who settled here about 3500 years ago. The U.S. military base covers about 1/3 of the total area of the island.
Guam is rich in fun and beautiful scenery, and is known as a "paradise of freedom". Guam has a sunny beach and unique culture, attracting 1.2 million tourists every year, 96% of which are East Asian tourists, and about 72,000 Chinese tourists per year.
The red dot is Guam
Guam, which is still classified by the United Nations as a Non-Self-Governing Territory, is the gateway to Micronesia and is known as a "duty-free shopping paradise". On December 5, 2017, the European Union declared Guam a blacklist of tax havens.
2. Vimi Ridge, canada's enclave
Vimi Ridge, located in a highland on the northern outskirts of the small town of Arras in northern France, about 200 kilometers from Paris, has been a Canadian territory since 1922.
Chinese marked on the map is Vimi Ridge
In the First World War, the British and French failed to capture the German garrison of Vimy Ridge at a cost of 150,000 casualties, and the Canadian army took over the main offensive task, and the Canadian army threw all 4 divisions at that time a total of 100,000 people into the Battle of Vimi Ridge. On April 9, 1917, the attack took Vimy Ridge four days later at the cost of more than 10,000 casualties, while the Germans suffered more than 20,000 casualties in four days, known as the Battle of Vimy Ridge.
Monument to the Battle of Vimi Ridge
After World War I, France thanked Canada for its special assignment of 1 square kilometre of Vimi Ridge to Canada, where Canada built a 10-story white limestone Twin Peaks Monument, and later allocated a huge amount of $20 million for repairs for Canadians and people from all over the world.
3. The French islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
The islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon are Part of the French Overseas Territory and cover an area of 242 square kilometers. The population of 0.63 million, mainly descendants of French immigrants, the official language is French, 99% of the residents are Catholic, the capital is Saint Pierre. Currency Euro.
Located in the North Atlantic Ocean 25 kilometers south of the Canadian island of Newfoundland in North America, the whole territory consists of eight islands, including Saint Pierre, Miquelon and Longgrad, which are connected by a sand and gravel isthmus. The highest altitude is 241 meters. It has 120 km of coastline. Winters are cold, with a minimum temperature of minus 20 °C and an average temperature of 10 °C to 20 °C in summer. Annual precipitation is 1400 mm.
4. Belgian enclave in the Netherlands
The town of Bale is the most interesting enclave in the world, located on the border between the Netherlands and Belgium, and is divided into many small enclaves, in which there are enclaves, forming the phenomenon of enclaves in the world's rare geographical enclaves.
There are 22 Belgian enclaves and 8 Dutch enclaves in the town of Bale.
(Among these Belgian enclaves are seven more Dutch "double enclaves").)
5. The Finbon Railway enclave in Germany.
Built in 1885 to connect Aachen and Luxembourg, the Finbon Railway was originally used to transport coal and iron ore. In 1919, Germany was defeated, and the Treaty of Versailles assigned the Finbon Railway to Belgium, resulting in the five pieces of Land west of the German Railway becoming enclaves.
During World War II, due to economic transformation, the frequency of use of the Finbon Railway gradually decreased, and by 2001, the railway, which had been in operation for more than 100 years, was completely discontinued. Belgium demolished part of the railway and built some bike lanes for residents and tourists to exercise.
But according to the Treaty of Versailles, Belgium owned the railway, but the railway was demolished, and the 20-meter-wide railway line was to be returned to Germany? Germany in World War II was very generous, and the German Foreign Office has confirmed that even if the railway disappears, this 20-meter-wide place still belongs to Belgium.
6. Turkey's cemetery enclave in Syria.
The enclave (red barbell shape) is actually the burial place of Suleiman Shah, the grandfather of Ottoman Shah, ottoman I, who was buried in a battle in 1236 in the Euphrates River, and was built in his honor on the banks of the Euphrates River.
In the 1921 Treaty of Ankara, which demarcated the territory of present-day Syria, there was a clause stipulating that the Tomb of Suleiman Shah was a Turkish territory in Syria, where the Turkish flag was flying and the Turkish guards would guard the area.
In 2015, due to the threat of ISIS, Turkey moved the Tomb of Suleiman Shah to the Turkish-Syrian border, but the Turkish government still claimed that the original Suleiman Shah Tomb belonged to Turkey.
7. Tamblon, an enclave of Brunei
Brunei Darussalam (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam), or Brunei for short, is located on the northern shore of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Together with Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia, it is an absolute monarchy. It has an area of 5,765 square kilometers and a population of 459,500 (2019), of which 65.8% are Malays and 10.2% are Chinese. The state religion is Islam. The capital is the city of Bandar Seri Begawan.
In ancient times, it was called mud. In the mid-14th century, Islam was introduced and the sultanate was established. At the beginning of the 16th century, the national power was at its peak. From the mid-16th century onwards, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom invaded one after another. In 1888, it became a British protectorate. It was occupied by Japan in 1941. In 1946 British control of Brunei was restored. In 1971, it signed a contract with the United Kingdom, granting autonomy except for foreign and defence matters. It became fully independent on 1 January 1984 and joined ASEAN on 7 January 1984.
Brunei's economy is in a good position, ranking fifth in Asia in 2014 for GDP per capita and second in Asia after the Gulf (after Singapore), producing and exporting about 67% of GDP from oil and gas, and having a well-developed social welfare system that does not require taxation.
Brunei enclave Ofmbron
8. The Ogasawara Islands, Japan's "overseas enclave"
The Ogasawara Islands are Japanese archipelagos between the Pacific Ocean and the Philippine Sea, located more than 1,000 kilometers south of Tokyo, and are administratively under the jurisdiction of the village of Ogasawara in Tokyo. The archipelago consists of more than 30 small islands, of which the famous ones are Ogasawara Island, Chichijima Island, Mother Island and Iwo Jima, with a total area of 104.41 square kilometers. Oki tori Reef, 700 km south, and Minami Torishima Island, 1,900 km east, are also part of the Ogasawara Islands.
The Ogasawara Islands are an archipelago of Japan in the western Pacific Ocean, located between Japan and the Philippine Sea in the western Pacific Ocean, about 600 kilometers south-east of the Izu Islands, more than 1,200 kilometers south of Tokyo, and are Tertiary volcanic islands.
In 2011, the Ogasawara Islands were approved by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee to be inscribed on the World Heritage List as a natural heritage site in accordance with the Criteria (ix) for the Selection of Cultural Heritage.
9. Spanish enclaves ceuta, Melilla, canary islands, Lyvia
1. Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta is a Spanish territory in North Africa, it is located in the far north of the Maghreb, on the Mediterranean coast near the Strait of Gibraltar, bordering Morocco, with an area of about 28 square kilometers, Ceuta has a hill called Monte Hacho, from its peak you can overlook the panorama of Ceuta. On the hill there is a bunker occupied by the Spanish army. Both Monte Hacho Mountain and the Jebel Musa Mountain in the far north of Morocco may be the Greek legendary Cape of Hercules.
Melilla is a Spanish municipality with an area of 12.3 square kilometers, an enclave on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, surrounded on three sides by Moroccan territory. Melilla, like Ceuta, another Spanish enclave, is one of two Spanish territories on the African continent. It was part of the province of Malaga until 14 March 1995, after which the autonomous status of the city was adopted.
Melilla, like Ceuta, was a free port before Spain's accession to the European Union, and as of 2008 the city had a population of 73,460, including Christians and Muslims (mainly Berbers) and a small number of Jews, and it was a free port before Spain joined the European Union; Its main industry is fishing. Other sources of receipts are cross-border commercial trade (legal or smuggled), funds from Spain and eu-grants.
Recently, Spain and Morocco have been strained over the sovereignty of the two cities. On November 5 and 6, 2007, King Carlos of Spain and Queen Sofia personally inspected the two places, thus intensifying the conflict.
3. The Canary Islands (Spanish: Islas Canarias), a group of islands in the northwestern sea of Africa, with an area of 7273 square kilometers, is an autonomous region of Spain and the territory of the European Union, with a population of about 2.09 million.
The eastern group includes Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and 6 smaller islands; The western group of islands includes Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Palma, La Gomera and Ferro (also known as Hierro).
4. Llívia is a city in Catalonia, Spain, but the whole territory is located in the French county of Pyrénées-Orientales.
Lyvia is a town under the administration of Cerdanya County, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Located in France, it has an area of 12.84 km² and a population of 1,388 (2007). The enclave is separated from the mainland by a 2 km wide strip belonging to the French towns of Your and Bourg-Madame, the town of Fort Ur. The town of Livia was once the administrative center of the Iron Age Iberianoppidum.
10. Emydia, the British enclave
Olmidia is the sovereign base area of de Caylia, And its joint village of Sirotembu is known as the two British enclaves of Cyprus.
There are two Cypriot enclaves within the British Sovereign Base of Dequelia, namely the villages of Ormidhia and Xylotimbou, and the Dhekelia Power Station, which are also owned by Cyprus. The power station is located surrounded by a British base and territorial waters, and also a British base road is divided into two, becoming the south and north, of course these two parts are still enclaves.
The two places marked with numbers in the figure show the British sovereign area
Ormidia Village, belonging to the larnaca District in the south of Cyprus, is located in a valley with a population of about 5,000, and there are two chapels in the village, called Agios Konstantinos Church and Anagyroi Saints Cosmasand Damianos Church, located in the center of the town, two churches were built in 1901, the former once had a more famous religious figure, So now the status in the hearts of the villagers is very sacred, every year on July 1 they will hold a party, there are two primary schools in the town, one primary school was built in 1935, located on a hill, the other is also on the mountain, built in 1991, the village has supermarkets, pharmacies, newsstands, bookstores, hospitals, post offices, cafes, banks and other facilities.
Map of Emydia in English
The above are the ten transnational enclaves introduced, with missing later additions.