In recent years, fish farming in the office has become a fashion, and many companies will consider adding fish tanks when decorating their offices to beautify the environment and optimize feng shui. So, do you know what kinds of goldfish are raised in the office? How to choose the right ornamental fish when designing office building renovations? The total number of fish species in the world is about 27977 species and subspecies, divided into 5 orders, 57 orders, 515 families, 4497 genera (Nelson, 2006), 5 orders and 46 orders, 299 families, 1214 genera, and 3166 species in China. Due to space limitations, today Xiaobian takes you to see an important category of ornamental fish, Chinese goldfish, and see what kinds of Chinese goldfish have been loved by Chinese for thousands of years. In the history of human civilization, Chinese goldfish have accompanied human life for more than ten centuries and are the earliest species in the history of ornamental fish in the world. Goldfish can beautify the environment, is very popular with people, and is an ornamental fish with Chinese characteristics. Chinese goldfish are mainly developed on crucian carp.
First, the Chinese goldfish suitable for office fish farming can be divided into: golden crucian carp species, literary species, dragon species, egg species according to the body shape characteristics.
1. Golden crucian carp species
The main species of golden crucian carp cultured in the office space are single-tailed grass goldfish and swallowtail goldfish. They are the original type of goldfish, similar to the ancestor of the goldfish, the golden crucian carp, and are currently the main fish species in large areas of ornamental water.
Its representative species is grass goldfish, which is the original species of goldfish. Grass species goldfish are flattened and narrow on the side, spindle-shaped, single-tailed fins and short, and the body shape and each fin shape are similar to crucian carp. The temperament is far more rough than other varieties, timid and afraid of people. Suitable for large-scale semi-loose culture in pond waters, this office goldfish culture is not suitable for culture in smaller office spaces.
2. Chinese goldfish
The Chinese goldfish is one of the "elder" species of goldfish in China, and it is also the largest series of goldfish in contemporary times. The body shape is short and round and thick; the head shape is pointed and wide; the scales are soft, hard and beaded; the abdomen is rounded; the eyes are small and straight, not convex outside the orbit; there is a dorsal fin, and the tail fin has four leaves and double open, of which there are long, short, large and small, looking down on the fish body, the shape is like the word "Wen" and got its name. Most of the body colors are red, red and white, blue, purple, red and black, five flowers and transparent soft scales (i.e. glass flowers).
There are many varieties of this kind of chinese goldfish that can be farmed in the office space, with the most variations in color, and there are currently more than 50 species, most of which are internationally renowned best-sellers. The trait variations of the chinese goldfish mainly include the triangular body of the fish, the lion's head with sarcoma on the head, and the pearl scales (the nasal end evolves into a pompom) with mutated scales. Their colors are even more varied, forming a characteristic variety that has been flourishing for a long time. Representative species are: Mandarin fish, tall head (also known as pile meat), pompom, pearl scale fish, lion head, crane top red, Liu Jin and so on. This fish is best used as an office decoration.
3. Dragon species
Throughout the ages, the dragon species goldfish has been regarded as an "authentic" Chinese goldfish, and it is famous for having a pair of extra-large eyes. (1) Dragon's Eye is a representative species of Chinese goldfish. It is short and thick, with dorsal fins, well-developed fins, and four large caudal fins. The head is flat and wide, and the two eyeballs protrude outward to the left and right orbits, resembling the eyes of the "dragon" in ancient legends. Its eyeballs have three kinds: chess piece type, apple type and light bulb type: the front and back of the eyeball of the chess piece type are large, resembling the shape of the chess piece; the middle part of the apple type eyeball is slightly expanded than the front and rear end; the front end of the eyeball of the bulb type (also known as the horn eye of the calf) is slightly smaller than the rear end, of which the transparent cornea can protrude outward, and the shape of the small bulb is better. Eyes like chess pieces for the best.
This variety also has the advantages of strong vitality, large body color, high reproductive rate, and not easy to get sick. Common representative varieties are red dragon eye, white dragon eye, blue dragon eye, purple dragon eye, five-flower dragon eye, ink dragon eye, twelve red dragon eye, magpie flower dragon eye, five-flowered phoenix tail dragon eye, red and white gold and silver eye dragon eye, twelve black dragon eye, red and white flower high-headed dragon eye, etc.
(2) Butterfly tail dragon eye The tail fin resembles a butterfly, swimming slowly, the mobility is not strong, and the ability to compete for food is not strong. Therefore, it is suitable for polyculture with strong mobility and strong competition for food, such as fish and tall heads, and needs to be raised separately in a small cement pond of about 10 square meters, rather than being raised in a large water body of tens of square meters. It is not advisable to raise large areas of ponds and polycultures, otherwise, its butterfly-shaped tail fin will gradually degenerate. In this way, this fish is very suitable for raising fish in the office as an office decoration. Common varieties are: red butterfly tail, black butterfly tail, red and white flower butterfly tail, white butterfly tail, blue butterfly tail, purple butterfly tail, five-flower butterfly tail, twelve red butterfly tail, magpie flower butterfly tail, agate eye butterfly tail, grape eye butterfly tail and other more than ten varieties, of which twelve red butterfly tail, magpie flower butterfly tail, agate eye butterfly tail is more precious and rare.
4. Egg species goldfish
Egg goldfish do not have a dorsal fin, and the back is smooth and arched, which is different from the wen species goldfish. Most of the shapes in the culture goldfish have similar variations in egg species goldfish. The egg goldfish is short and round, shaped like a duck egg, with no fins on the back, and the other fins are also short, and the hairy goldfish are especially known for their short and fierce. There is also a type of head that is not obviously developed, and each fin is longer called "Dan Feng". Its vitality is stronger than that of dragon species and wen species goldfish, and its growth rate is fast.
There are about 60 varieties of egg goldfish, and the more valuable varieties are: Shouxing Head, Cat Lion Head, Five-Flowered Tiger Head, Black Tiger Head, Red-headed Tiger Head, Black Blister, Cinnabar Bubble Blister, Five Flower Blister, Five Flower Egg Ball, Five Flower Dan Phoenix, etc. Among them, the previous five varieties have the best reputation. The Dragon's Back species is a class of dragon's eye goldfish without dorsal fins, and other characteristics are similar to those of the dragon species. This type of goldfish has convex and large eyes, a straight back and a fluttering tail fin. At present, there are fewer species of goldfish in the dragon's back species, and the number is also small, so the popularity is not very high. At present, there are about 30 varieties, of which the Chaotian Dragon, the Five-FlowerEd Egg Dragon Ball, and the Tiger Head Dragon Eye are more expensive.
Second, according to the characteristics of variation classification, the taxonomy is divided into:
1. Mandarin fish
Mandarin fish is also known as gilding. It is characterized by a pointed head, a short body, a round abdomen, a large tail, developed fins, and a bird's body looking down like a word, hence the name, and the excellent domestic varieties are imported from Japan. Its dorsal fin is straight, the body is triangular, the abdomen is round and short, its tail is longer than the body length, like a silver umbrella, the mandarin fish is an ancient species of Chinese goldfish, directly from the grass goldfish (swallowtail goldfish) evolved, due to the difference in the concept of judgment, it is difficult to get public appreciation like the lion's head, and few people in China have targeted breeding of it, which is the direct reason why there are fewer goldfish in the country. Its body color is red, red and white, flower spots, crystal blue, five flowers and so on. As a decorative fish species considered in office design, it can also take the meaning of the word "wen" in its name, and some companies that deal with words can especially consider this fish.
2. High head
Its sarcoma is limited to the top of the head, strawberry-shaped or lumpy, inconspicuous bulge, not wrapped towards the gills cheeks, its dorsal fin is more developed, the caudal fin is transparent and thin, and droops like a skirt. It is evolved from individuals with sarcoma on the head in the fish, and is the most general species of goldfish with low ornamental value; but some individuals have developed nostril membranes to form pompoms, that is, high-headed balls, and the ornamental value is significantly improved, which is a best-selling variety. Body colors currently include red, blue, purple, silver white, orange, red and white, purple blue flower, magpie flower and so on.
3. Lion's head
The fish body is colorful, composed of red, yellow, purple, black, blue colors, the head is wide, the mouth is flush, the head sarcoma is plump, strawberry-shaped or blocky high bulge and wraps the cheeks, the tail fin is wide and stretched, the appearance is handsome, the head sarcoma is obviously better than the high-headed goldfish when the juvenile fish, the sarcoma is more plump and beautiful after a year, the degree of development of the sarcoma is adjusted with daily feeding water, the bait is closely related, and the characteristic species is the red-headed and plump red-headed five-flowered lion head.
4. Dragon's Eye
Its eyeballs are enlarged, protruding from the outside of the orbit, the two eyes are the same size, symmetrical left and right, and the shape of the eyes resembles a longan, so it is named. Dragon's eye goldfish should be raised in clear hard water, the eyeball development is better, more than two years old of the big fish, its eyeball membrane convex formation of a variety of strange shapes, has been found in the eye shape of bulbs, spherical, cylindrical, pear-shaped and grape-shaped. Characteristic varieties include agate eye dragon eye, body color is white, only the eyeball blood red, because its offspring authenticity rate is low, it is difficult to popularize.
5. Chaotian dragon
The eyeball resembles a dragon's eye, swollen and protruding from the eye socket, but the eyeball flips upwards 90 degrees and looks at the sky, hence the name. Chaotianlong is a unique breed. Legend has it that in ancient times, it was raised in a dark environment, and a small hole was opened in the upper part, which was passed down from generation to generation to form this strange feature. At two months, the protruding eyeball develops forward at a 45-degree angle and then flips upwards at a 45-degree angle to level it. Due to the relationship between looking at the sky, bait often needs to rely on the common help of sniffing, and the body color is red, yellow, white, spotted, five flowers and so on. Chaotianlong currently has a flag-pulling Tianlong and a light-backed Tianlong, and some individuals have developed nostril membranes to form pompoms, that is, Chaotianlong Balls.
6. Blister eyes
The weight of the blister-eyed goldfish is mostly concentrated in the head, the predecessor is heavier, and it likes to rest at the bottom of the tank when it is stationary. It is particularly sensitive to changes in water quality and temperature, when the water temperature rises and deteriorates, the liquid in the bubble is often infected and becomes turbid, affecting the appearance. Cinnabar bubbles are a characteristic variety of red and white flower blisters, the fish body is white and shining, and the eye-catching bright red blisters flutter on both sides of the head, which is particularly loved by people. In addition, its representative varieties include red blisters, ink blisters, tiger head blisters and so on.
7. Pompoms
The dorsal fin of the pompom is straight, and the tail fin is fluttering, which has the typical body shape of a vengey. The most striking thing is that it forms four enlarged bulbous flowers, a single bulb flower is larger than the ordinary double pompom, and the four bulbous flowers are tightly linked. At present, pompoms are red, white, and flower colors. Four pompoms are famous for their huge four ball flowers, because the sphere is swollen and tender, very easy to infect bacteria, congestion and decay, resulting in ball flowers falling off, in addition to the capture of the net in the feeding process, it is also easy to pull the ball flowers off, so the daily management is more difficult, one is to pay attention to water quality regulation; the second is to choose soft nets; the third is to regularly prune the upper ball flowers to maintain the perfection of the four pompoms.
8. Transparent fish
Also known as glass fish, crystal fish. The scales are transparent, lacking a reflective tissue that normal fish scales should have, and the internal organs of the fish can be seen in a close view. Transparent fish are mostly derived from soft scales and are an intermediate type, and when crossed with any fish, you can obtain a multicolored goldfish. Because of its transparent and colorless colorlessness, its ornamental value is low, so it is rarely preserved.
9. Magpie flowers
It is characterized by a blue base color, a blue plain belly that turns white, black fins, a black head, and a black and white body, which is named after resembling a magpie. Magpie flower goldfish are mostly derived from blue goldfish such as blue high head or blue dragon eye, and the blue reflective tissue is reduced or degraded, resulting in some goldfish blue automatically fading, forming white; forming black, black and white, that is, magpie flowers, magpie flower goldfish color pattern The heritability rate is very low, and its baby fish will still undergo pigment changes during development. Despite the beauty of the variety, it has never been possible to establish a stable group of varieties.
10. Turn the gills
The gill means that the gill cover is turned over, and the hind edge of the two gill covers of the goldfish is rolled outward, rarely exposed, as if the skylight has been opened. Turning gill goldfish, gill wire is fully open, and the contact area with the outside world is increased, which is beneficial to the health of the fish body, but because of the overturned gill cover, the half-moon shaped bright red gill filament is too exposed, which damages its natural beauty, belongs to the list of light elimination, and is currently difficult to see. The gill goldfish appeared in 1925, and the species include pearl flipper, high-headed flipper gill, egg ball flipper, dragon's eye flipper and so on.
11. Pearl scales
Pearl-scaled goldfish has a small tip on its head, a short tail fin, but its abdomen is particularly fat and full, and the scales on the body are mutated and protrusive, the center of the scales is more prominent, the edges are concave, and it is hemispherical, like a pearl with grains shining, which is particularly obvious in the abdomen. Pearl-scaled goldfish is a unique species of Chinese goldfish, and in recent years, there have been large-tailed pearls, especially large red pearls. Varieties include red and white flower pearls, iron-clad gold pearls, purple pearls and so on. The scales of pearl scale goldfish are very easy to fall off, and once they fall off, they are not easy to regenerate, so they must be protected in breeding.
12. Panda goldfish
The base color of the fish body is white, the abdomen is white, there are 1-2 black vertical lines on the side of the body, the eyes, mouth, and medial membrane are black, and the tail fin is black, and its color distribution resembles that of a giant panda. Panda goldfish need to be selected from black and white individuals in the tiger head or the head of the wen breed lion for directional breeding to obtain. Despite its beautiful color, it is still in the experimental stage because its color pattern is difficult to stabilize and it is difficult to obtain a symbolic purebred. A certain number of black and white flower goldfish were obtained, but there were still very few goldfish with panda color.
13. Twelve reds
Twelve parts of the body are red, the rest are uniformly white, and it includes two eyes, two pectoral fins, two ventral fins, four tail fins, and red mouth and dorsal fin red. Among the twelve red shapes, lipstick is the most difficult to stabilize, and its prestige is also here. It is a characteristic species of Chinese goldfish, which is cultivated from the red and white flower goldfish, and its breeding has special requirements.
14. Crane top red
With a long history, the whole body is as white as jade, the head is slightly pointed and round, but the top of the head generates a slightly raised red flesh spot, like the red crown on the top of the white crane's head, which is particularly dazzling. The older the fish, the fuller the bulge of its red flesh. In recent years, the crane top red in Shijiazhuang area, when the red flesh spot on the top of the fish head was high and bulging, showing a "square seal" shape, thick and plump, covering the top of the head, the north called its "red head hat", which is the best species in the crane top red; the red spot on the top of the head of the juvenile fish is obviously raised and full, which is different from the general crane top red.
The ancestor of the Chinese goldfish is the wild red crucian carp hundreds of years ago, which was first seen in the release pond of Jiaxing, Zhejiang in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. In 1163 AD, the Southern Song Emperor Zhao Shuo raised a large number of golden crucian carp in the imperial palace. The domesticated breeding of goldfish was spread to the people by the imperial palace and gradually popularized. The domestication of goldfish has gone through two stages of pond culture and potting, after several generations of folk artists carefully selected, from the initial single-tailed golden crucian carp, gradually developed into double-tailed, three-tailed, four-tailed goldfish, the color also from a single red, gradually formed red and white flowers, five flowers, black, blue, purple, etc., the body shape also developed from a narrow spindle shape to oval, leather spherical shape, etc., the variety also developed from a single golden crucian carp, to today's colorful dozens of species, such as dragon's eye, chaotian dragon, blister, lion's head, tiger head, pompom, pearl scale, Crane top red, etc.
Listening to the small editor introduced the classification of goldfish farming in China, do you want to know more about ornamental fish farming. Next, Xiaobian will also introduce the classification and appreciation of tropical fish, as well as the "good luck" koi that many people like, don't miss, hurry up and collect it ~ welcome to click on the official website of metalworking decoration to see more interesting, dry office decoration knowledge.
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(Editor: Little Sheep)