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About in recent years (it seems that from 2018 onwards, 2019 is the most obvious) in the late winter and early spring, a large number of fish fry each year show a regular low temperature + injury = dead fish phenomenon occurs, whether it is finished fish or specifications of fry, whether it is full coverage of the whole country in the south or the north, whether it is grass carp or crucian carp, etc., as long as the net is moved in this low temperature season, most of them are not spared, and although it is treated for a long time, it is still not easy to cure.
In recent years, the low temperature period in late winter and early spring, due to the low temperature is suitable for fry transportation, there are many people who empty the pond to sell fish fry and buy fish fry under the pond, but often the fry at this time are easy to cause dead fish after injury and are quite serious, regardless of the size of the fry death and injury is very large or even the pond, some people say that at this time is "take money to buy dead fish", so that fish farmers have spent both fish money and medicine money, but the result is still full of pond fish carcasses, which makes people chill, which is a heavy blow to aquaculture work in the new year.
First, "fish plague" is said
As early as March 2019, I first proposed the "fish plague", and at that time, there were experts from a fish medicine factory who scoffed, thinking that it was an exaggeration, thinking that the fish drugs produced by their manufacturers could be easily cured, but what was the result? As you can imagine, this article is omitted here.
(Initial onset of symptoms after a fish injury)
The term "fish plague" proposed in March 2019 does not mean that fish are suffering from "plague" diseases, but that the disease is as stubborn as the plague. It is characterized by a long incubation period (up to two months) and is mostly impossible to rescue once it breaks out. The cause, illness and even treatment of this "fish plague" is very simple, many people know it but it is not easy to cure, so it is just a "fish plague" to describe it.
In order not to repeat the same cliché and save space, this article does not discuss the causes of its occurrence, symptoms, etc., but can click on the following article links for details:
Fish hypothermia injury syndrome: analysis of the causes and prevention and control measures of severe dead fish due to injury
New solution: the "water mold" that is invincible in the low temperature season, the fish body is injured and caused by the low temperature
After the efforts and analysis of colleagues in recent years, the consensus on the occurrence of "fish plague" disease is: injury, mold and low temperature these three factors are indispensable, in order to occur this disease (fish red skin water mold complications and its low temperature injury syndrome), otherwise it is not the disease mentioned in this article, it must be another matter.
(Main causes: fish body injury, obvious wound trauma)
There are two main types of fish injuries: wound trauma that is obvious and internal injuries to organs that are not obvious but have internal organ damage. In reality, some people think that the fish body is not seen and injured, how can it also get sick? In fact, this may be that the organs are damaged, there is stasis in the abdomen, the internal organs are congested, bleeding, and the internal organs are damaged, resulting in the failure of the fish's life function.
(Stasis in the abdomen)
Mold, pond water mold exists mostly in the water mold or sac mold and other strains, but are conditional pathogenic bacteria, that is, such mold species if there is no certain conditions, they can only do nothing, and do not pose a threat. But as long as there are conditions such as "injury" and "low temperature", it is enough to cause illness.
(Typical water mold disease: the wound is covered with water mold hyphae)
Low temperature, of course, is the end of winter and early spring all, fish in this season, its life function itself is in a semi-dormant state, fish scales and fish shells are looser than other periods, the fish's stress ability is weak and fierce, a little artificial operation is not careful, causing "hurt fish" is also an unavoidable rabbit thing.
(Dead fish that have been "terminally ill")
Third, "fish plague" has different opinions
"Fish plague" in people's understanding, it seems that a long time ago even if there was not so stubborn, there is no such outbreak of the pandemic, although "fish body injury" is the main cause, but people are puzzled how the current fish is much more vulnerable to injury than the fish of previous years, under the same operation, the original fry is not so fragile, not so "stingy" and "squeamish". According to this, people have searched for the reason for this in order to find the origin of this.
(Fish eating)
First of all, from the public reports in recent years, the domestic fish feed production in recent years has become higher and higher year by year, and the fish production in the actual production has not increased or decreased in recent years, because due to "environmental protection" to dismantle a lot of cage fish production has decreased a large share. In addition, the nutrient content of feed elements marked by feed manufacturers is mostly "high and low standard", such as 35% of the crude protein content may be written as 32% or even 30% on the feed bag label. From the comparison and analysis of the first, it can be seen that in recent years, the amount of fish eating materials is much larger than in previous years, and the nutritional content of fish eating materials may be overabsorbed.
Secondly, in recent years, microbial preparations and fish drug manufacturers have also mushroomed, manufacturers are much more than the original, the use of fish medicine (abuse) amount explosion, because "scientific breeding" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the amount of microbial preparations used for hydroponic water in recent years is also amazing, and the original "old-fashioned culture method" is a world apart, whether these "pampered" breeding methods are related to the outbreak of "fish plague" in recent years, it is worth pondering.
Moreover, looking at the supply chain of water splash fry in recent years, the parent species fish used in seeding sites in some areas are not the weight and age indicators that were strictly required in the original, and the grass carp and silver carp are even directly selected in the finished fish pond for breeding, and the quality of the seed of the offspring produced by these fish is worrying, and these problems should be worthy of everyone's attention.
(Comparison: Body trauma and body surface dearification of the next fish)
Fourth, the difficulty of "fish plague" prevention and control
Although the "fish plague" is explosive, there are also ways to prevent and control, that is, to buy robust fish, light operation when fishing fish, do not weigh too much dry water, and use disinfectant to intervene in advance after the fish go to the pond, so that the fish can be safe.
This disease in this season, when the fish onset is difficult to effectively control, its treatment difficulty lies in the wound ulceration, mold deep into the muscle, and most of the complicated gill disease, ulcer disease, furuncles, herpes disease acne disease and other diseases in one, the difficulty of cure is imaginable.
V. "Fish Plague" Prevention and Control and Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory
"Shanggong cures the disease, does not cure the disease, this is also said" This is a passage in the ancient Chinese medicine book "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic", which shows that the ancients already attached great importance to "curing the disease". According to the prevalence of "fish plague", combined with the theory of Traditional Chinese medicine, it can be known that:
"Treating the disease before it occurs" is the best method, that is, when the fish disease has not yet erupted, it is completely possible to use the effective means of "prevention before the disease" to diagnose and treat.
"The disease can be cured" is a helpless move, that is, the idea of "both diseases and prevention", as long as the further changes in the disease are controlled, there may still be a glimmer of hope.
"The last disease cannot be saved" means that when it is already very serious and cannot be reversed, even the "magic medicine" cannot be saved.
In general, intervention in a disease-free state is the most economical and efficient. Because the disease is still in its bud, it is easy to cure and leaves no sequelae. Intervention in a sick state is equivalent to the process of treating the disease. At this time, it is necessary to choose a treatment plan according to the severity and characteristics of the disease, which costs money and may not be fully recovered. The treatment of terminal diseases, that is, the disease in the advanced stages, is generally difficult to cure.
Therefore, any fish disease, to intervene in the uncordiased state, stop loss in time, reduce the harm of fish disease to a minimum, in order to reduce the cost of maintaining fish health to the minimum, in order to obtain the highest quality of prevention and control.
Sixth, "fish plague" and prevention and control
In order to avoid the occurrence of "fish plague", it is advisable to purchase seeds at water temperatures above 18 degrees Celsius. In addition, there is still a lack of oxygen in the early spring, and it is also a good means of prevention and control to turn on the aerator to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen, but unfortunately this is difficult for many people to do.
After exploring in practice, after the occurrence of "fish plague", it is necessary to adhere to the course of treatment for 5-7 days, and the following methods can be referred to when used for the treatment of "fish plague":
1. Soaking medicinal bath: soaking before seedlings are planted in the pond: commonly used is 1-3% salt (or sticky water mouth to taste slightly salty) or add a few drops of vinegar to soak for 5-20 minutes; 15-20 grams of potassium permanganate aqueous solution medicinal bath per cubic meter of water for 15-30 minutes; or use other germicidal drugs to soak in the bath.
2. Disinfection prevention: After the seedlings are planted in the pond, the whole pond should be sprinkled with 1-2 sterilization and disinfectants for prevention. For example, povidone iodine, benzalkonium bromide, bromochlorohydantoin, chlorine dioxide, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid and the like. Remove the pathogenic source in the killing water body, prevent the water mold disease before the red skin disease (injury caused by disease), even if the seed is injured, after a period of growth and recovery, the damaged fish body can also be restored.
3. Salt baking soda mixture: 1 meter water depth per acre of water surface using 5 kg of salt plus 5 kg of baking soda mixed sprinkling, the next day the use of iodine agent (compound iodine, povidone iodine, etc.), after which you can use salt plus baking soda compound once, it is said that this mixture has a good effect on the prevention and control of water mold.
4. Water mold special drug: thiosefloxacin is a common "water mold net" drug, which has a unique killing effect on the fungi that cause water mold disease in fish bodies, and also has a good killing effect on water-aeromonas, Vibrio eels, Edwardianella retardation and columnar fibrophilus; salicylic acid: the chemical name is "o-hydroxybenzoic acid"; dithiocyanomethane: it has a good killing and inhibition effect on water pathogens, fungi, algae and protozoa.
5. Chinese medicine five-fold seed: put 2-4 grams per cubic meter of water body, first grind the five-fold seed and then soak it in boiling water, which has the effect of astringent wounds, and can prevent and control fish white skin disease, red skin disease, water mold disease and rotten gill disease. It can be purchased at Chinese medicine stores, and there are also five-fold powders produced by fish medicine manufacturers.
6. Hemostatic factor drugs: use hemostatic factor drugs such as hemostasis (flat), and sprinkle the whole pool according to the instructions for use.
7. Mixture: Use 1 bottle (100 ml) of "Grass carp four disease spirits" + 1 bottle (100 ml) of "white carp outbreak stop" can be used separately or (preferably) combined to apply 3-5 acres of water area, the whole pool is sprinkled.
8. Rhubarb + copper sulfate: rhubarb 2.5-4 g / cubic meter, copper sulfate 0.5-0.7 g / m3 whole pool spilled. Before rhubarb is used, the rhubarb can be used with 0.3% ammonia water according to the ratio of 1:20 (when there is no ammonia water, it can be replaced by ammonium bicarbonate, which can be soaked by 1 kg of rhubarb plus 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate with water), soaked for 12 to 24 hours to make the anthraquinone derivatives free out to improve the efficacy.
9. Quicklime: the application of quicklime (20-40 kg per mu) solution is sprinkled throughout the pool, which has a better control effect. Industrially produced quicklime preparations are now available.
10. Internal medicine: can be fed with drug mixtures such as three yellow powders.
11. Insecticides: There are also parasite breeding (such as intracranus tubeworms) during low temperature periods, and ordinary insecticides can be used.
12. Use commercially available drugs for the treatment of erythroderma and water mold.
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