Original Soga Learning List
Plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum,
Since ancient times, they have been the "four gentlemen" in the hearts of Chinese.
Mei, proud of the snow, not afraid of the cold,
King Anshi of Song sang it this way:
"The corner of the tree branch plum, Ling Han opened alone";
Orchid, born in the empty valley, leisurely fragrant,
The Huainan zi praises it as follows:
"Lansheng Glen, not for the sake of unobstructed and not fragrant";
Bamboo, standing on top of the sky, evergreen and feminine,
Qing Zheng Banqiao praised it like this:
"Firmly believe that the green mountains do not relax, and the roots are in the broken rocks";
Chrysanthemum, dashing and flowing, light and elegant,
Song Zhengsixiao described it this way:
"Flowers bloom and a hundred flowers, independent hedges are not endless"
…………
Although the "Four Gentlemen" are sought after by everyone,
But there is one person who prefers lotuses the most,
He loves the lotus's impurity, and praises the lotus's high character.
He is the Northern Song Dynasty theorist Zhou Dunyi.
Listen to songs and learn poetry in this issue
Let's walk into "Eileen Says" together,
Feel Zhou Dunyi's "lotus lotus" wind bone.
Eileen said Zhou Dunyi
Flowers of water, land and grass, very cute. Jin Tao Yuanming loves Juju alone. Since Li Tang came, the world has loved peonies very much. To the only love lotus out of the mud and not stained, Mao (zhuó) clear and not demon, through the middle and straight, not vines and branches, fragrant far away, pavilion pure plant, can be viewed from a distance and can not be blasphemed.
To the chrysanthemum, the hermit of the flower also; Peony, the rich and noble of the flowers also; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers also. Belch! The love of Ju, Tao Hou rarely smells. Lotus love, who is the giver? The love of peonies should be for all.
Poet Profile
Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073), courtesy name Maoshu, lianxi, a native of Yingdao, Daozhou (present-day Daoxian, Hunan), known as Mr. Lianxi, was a famous theorist and philosopher of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was recognized by the academic community as the founder of science. How to understand "Dao Cheng Kong Meng, Learn to Start Zhu"? Kong Meng, or Confucius, Mencius, Cheng Zhu is the song dynasty scholar Cheng Hao (hào), the Cheng Yi brothers, and Zhu Xi. This means that the theory pioneered by Zhou Dunyi integrated the Confucian thought of Kong Meng, and to a certain extent inspired the teachings of Cheng Hao, the Cheng Yi brothers, and Zhu Xi. Rigaku, also known as Taoism, is both a part of Confucianism and a neo-Confucianism that runs through Taoism and Buddhism and governs the country. During the Song and Yuan Ming dynasties, Song Ming Theory was a peak in the development of Chinese culture and philosophy. Born in a bureaucratic landlord family, Zhou Dunyi lost his father at a young age, loved to read from an early age, and was quite famous in his hometown. When he was a teenager, his mother took him to Hengyang to join his uncle. When his uncle saw that Zhou Dunyi was intelligent and studious, he cultivated him to study, and later recommended him to the imperial court as an official. Although Zhou Dunyi's official position before his death was not high, he was honest and loved the people, and everywhere he went, he won the people's respect and made considerable political achievements. In his later years, Zhou Dunyi resigned from his official post and returned to his hometown, founded Lianxi Academy, built the Ailian Hall in the academy, planted lotus flowers, summed up his life's honor and disgrace deeds and the style of li liren, and wrote the famous "AiLian Sayings".
Knowledge of literature and history
Zhou Dunyi was a clean and honest official all his life, and he was clean and self-sufficient. When he was an official in Nanchang, he fell seriously ill and even fainted and died of fake death. Colleagues and friends rushed to take care of the aftermath for him, checked the family property, and found that all of Zhou Dunyi's clothes and miscellaneous items could only be filled with a broken basket, and the money was less than 100 yuan. Why has he been an official for many years and is still so poor? Because Zhou Dunyi often used his own money to help others, in his old age he could not even drink porridge. Zhou Dunyi fainted for a day and a night before he woke up, but for several years he could not eat poorly, which even his friends could not believe. At that time, some people said that Zhou Dunyi deliberately did this to pretend that he was incorruptible, but Zhou Dunyi did not care when he heard this evaluation. When he was in his 50s, he reviewed his experience and composed a poem: "Lao Tzu was born with a cold bone, and his eunuchs did not change the old Confucianism." Stop the cup and drink the flavor of the mash láo, and raise the mussel plate of the regular meal. The matter is too long to know how to tire, and Guan Qing wins the dream soul. ”
Poetry appreciation
The title "Eileen Says", "speaking" is an ancient style of writing, flexible writing, similar to today's essays, used to state the author's views and opinions on certain issues in society.
"Flowers of water, land, grass and trees, very cute." There are many flowers and plants on the water and on land that people like.
Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums, and since the Tang Dynasty, the world has loved peonies very much. The chrysanthemum is quiet and far away from the world, and Tao Yuanming, who lives in the mountains and forests "under the eastern fence of picking chrysanthemums", likes it the most; Peony is graceful and luxurious, and can best represent the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, so the world especially loves it. But Zhou Dunyi is different, his favorite is not chrysanthemums or peonies, but lotuses.
Why did he love lotuses? How is lotus different?
"Out of the mud without staining, Mao Qing lian without demon, straight in the middle, not vines and branches, fragrant far away, pavilions and pure plants, can be viewed from a distance and can not be blasphemed." Growing in the mud but not polluted, washed with clean water but not charming. Its stem is empty inside and upright in appearance, unlike other aquatic plants, which grow vines and long forked branches. Its fragrance drifts with the wind, appearing more quiet, straight in the water, standing tall, people can only watch it from a distance, can not get close to play with it.
Chrysanthemum, is the hermit in the flower, the sages of the hidden mountain forest naturally like it; Peony, is the rich among the flowers, and people who love prosperity certainly love it the most; Only the lotus flower is a gentleman of high moral character in the flower. People who love chrysanthemums to the bone have rarely heard of them since Tao Yuanming, and who else likes lotus flowers so much like me? And how many people like peonies? Don't even think about it, there are many!
Zhou Dunyi uses flowers as a metaphor for people, entrusts things to speak of zhi, portrays the incorruptible conduct of the lotus, and uses the lotus to tell his life pursuit - even if he is in the muddy official field, he must always remain incorruptible, like a lotus flower out of the mud without staining, Mao Qing lian without demon, indifferent to Ming zhi, clean self-love.
Extended reading and writing materials
(1) The History of the Song Dynasty records that Zhou Dunyi was transferred to the An Army in Southwest Jiangxi as Si Li Cao (司理曹兵軍, official title, in charge of prisons and litigation). At that time, there was a prisoner in the prison of the Nan'an Army, who should not be sentenced to death according to the law at that time, and the supervisor in charge of the case, Wang Kui, intended to sentence this prisoner to death. Although the others under his command felt that this was inappropriate, they did not dare to say anything, only Zhou Dunyi argued on the basis of reason. However, Wang Kui was unwilling to listen to more explanations. Zhou Dunyi shouted angrily: "Since this is the case, what kind of official should I be?" Use the method of killing to please the superiors, I will not do it! Wang Kui was calmed by Zhou Dunyi's anger. After calming down, Wang Kui re-examined the facts of the case, changed the verdict, and recommended Zhou Dunyi to the emperor. (2) "Honesty begins with prudence and independence, and the heart is prudent and independent." "Integrity begins with prudence when unsupervised, and peace of mind when living alone and abiding by ethical codes. Traditional Chinese culture has always regarded self-discipline and honesty as the foundation and foundation of being a person, doing things, and being an official. Throughout the ages, whether it is Confucius's "unrighteous and rich and expensive, like a floating cloud to me", or Zhou Dunyi's "The lotus comes out of the mud without staining, Mao Qing lian without demon", or Mencius's "rich and noble cannot be adulterous, poor and lowly cannot be moved, and mighty cannot be bent", all of them have well interpreted the character of incorruptibility. In the Qing Dynasty, there was an official named Ye Cunren, who had been in politics for more than 30 years, was willing to be indifferent, and never took it. Once, when he left office, his subordinates gave gifts partingly, and in order to avoid people's eyes and ears, they were specially sent at night. Ye Cunren returned the gift in its original form and gave a poem to the prime minister: "When the moon is white and the wind is clear in the middle of the night, the flat boat is late. Feeling the king's affection and returning the gift of the king, not afraid of others to know and fear themselves. ”