In Chinese and foreign history, there are always some cultural relics full of unsolved mysteries, such as the famous Phaistos Disc is one of them. Archaeologists have studied for more than 100 years without any conclusions, and even some experts have said that the artifact is a fake, and also given 3 reasons. Is the Phaistos Disc real or fake? Let's let Xiaobian reveal the secret to you.
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Located in the southwest of the Greek island of Crete, there is the ruins of a palace dating back about 3900 years, which according to experts believe is the palace of Phaistos. According to historical records, the Festo Palace was built in 1900 AD, it was one of the palaces of the Old Minoan Dynasty, but unfortunately it was destroyed in an earthquake in 1450 BC. Later, the new royal palace was established, and the old royal palace was not noticed until the beginning of the 20th century, when it was discovered by modern archaeologists, not only a large number of cultural relics were unearthed, but also the remaining murals.
Pernier was overjoyed, and he first cleaned the mud plate and then measured it to be about 18.3 centimeters in diameter and about 2.2 centimeters in thickness. In previous excavations, no similar circular clay tablets had been unearthed, so Peñel felt that this was a rare artifact and brought it back to Italy for further study. However, what no one can imagine is that this seemingly ordinary clay disc has become an unsolved mystery in the archaeological community in the future, making countless archaeologists around the world collapse into the sand.
In the process of further research, the text on both sides of the mud disc became the focus, leaving Peniere in a state of confusion for a while. A closer look reveals that a concentric spiral is depicted on both sides of the entire disk, and these unrecognizable words and symbols are engraved in the middle of the spiral, for a total of 241. These writings and symbols at first glance look a lot like ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, but some also resemble ancient cuneiform scripts, such as figures, animals, utensils, cars and boats, and geometric lines.
Peniere was never able to read the meaning of these words in his lifetime, so after his death, the circular clay tablet was named the Phaistos Disc and is now in the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion in Greece. Modern archaeologists have found that the text on the Phaistos disc was pressed with movable type stamps, rather than directly engraved, so this is also the world's earliest movable type printing record, as for the meaning of the text so far there is no accurate result, but it can be speculated that it is some kind of sacrificial text.
While studying the Phaistos disc, there are also many archaeologists who have raised doubts, such as Dr. Eisenberg, an archaeology professor at Princeton University in the United States, who said that the Phaistos disc is not a cultural relic of the festo palace site at all, but a fake artifact made by Peñel himself and then excavated in the site. Although Dr. Eisenberg's meaning is somewhat extreme, it has won the approval of many archaeologists, and some people have given three reasons, saying that the Phaistos disc is a fake.
Reason one: When the Phestos disk was unearthed, it was well preserved, and there was not even a single bump or mutilation, so this alone is doubtful. In the ancient Greek mud slabs found in the past, even if they are well preserved, there are cracks, after all, it is normal for the soil to dry and crack, and it is still a mud plate that is about 3900 years old.
Reason two: On the side of the Phaistos disc, there are obvious traces of fire. Empirically speaking, neither the ancient Egyptians nor the ancient Greeks had the habit of burning things with fire. Therefore, the burn marks of the Phaistos disc must have been deliberately burned by Penier himself in order to make it appear more like an ancient artifact.
Reason three: Some of the words on the Festos disc are the current punctuation points, such as "/", "<", "△" and "X". Archaeologists say that although it is not excluded that it is a similar situation by chance, the most likely thing is that Peniere adapted it according to modern symbols, after all, it is difficult to create, and it is much easier to transform.
Now more than 100 years later, the mystery of the Phaistos disk is still unsolved, and the evaluation of it by academic experts is also two extremes, some people insist that it is false, and some people insist that it is true. In any case, the fake is not true, the real can not be fake, Xiaobian also hopes that experts will give a conclusion as soon as possible, so that this unsolved mystery can be settled as soon as possible.
Resources:
A Brief History of the World at the British Museum by Neil McGregor, New Publisher: Nova Press
Wenlan Hairun Studio Editor-in-Chief Wen Xiucai, this article is written by: Special History Writer: Liu Lijiang's