In 1949, the Communist Party of China led Chinese people to establish a new China on the devastated land of China, and with Chairman Mao's announcement of the "founding of the People's Republic of China" on the tower of Tiananmen Square, Chinese people truly became the masters of their own country.
In the fourteen years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the three-year War of Liberation, many Sons and Daughters of China threw their heads and spilled their blood, and at the same time, many righteous people sacrificed their small things for the sake of the great national righteousness and for the sake of the people's freedom from the suffering of war, and Fu Zuoyi, a famous anti-Japanese general, was one of them.
Peaceful Liberation of Beijing Fu Dongju's contribution is indispensable
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party achieved the second cooperation in jointly resisting Japan; Fu Zuoyi was a famous anti-Japanese general; in the famous Battle of Wuyuan, he achieved the impressive record of annihilating more than 3,700 enemy troops and killing Lieutenant General Mizukawa of the Japanese army.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the civil war broke out in an all-round way, and Chiang Kai-shek handed over to him the military and political power of the "North China Suppression General.".
At the beginning of November 1948, after the liaoshen campaign, the Fu Zuoyi clique of the Kuomintang army's "suppression general" in North China was in a situation of uncertainty as to whether to defend or flee, whether to flee south or west, and the officers and men had become birds of fright.
Fu Zuoyi deployed all his troops of more than 600,000 troops on a 500-kilometer-long railway line centered on Beiping and Tianjin, from Luan County in the east to Chaigou Fort in the west, preparing to "temporarily guard Pingjin, maintain Haikou, expand strength, and watch the times change."
Looking at the overall situation, Chairman Mao formulated the operational policy of separating without encircling, encircling without fighting, and taking two ends first and then taking the middle.
On November 1, 1948, the main force of the Northeast Field Army and the special forces column totaling 800,000 people jointly launched the Pingjin Campaign with the troops of the North China Military Region.
The first step was to divide and encircle the Fu Zuoyi clique and cut off the enemy's way of escaping south by sea; The second step was to attack the two ends first, attack and annihilate the enemy of Xinbao and Zhangjiakou in isolation, and after 29 hours of fierce fighting, completely annihilate more than 130,000 enemy defenders in Tianjin, capture the commander of the garrison Chen Changjie alive, and liberate Tianjin.
In the third step, after the liberation of Xinbao, Zhangjiakou, and Tianjin, nearly a million troops of our army gathered under the city of Beiping, and Beiping was completely isolated at this time.
On December 16, the Pingjin Front Command issued an ultimatum to Fu Zuoyi, and on the 17th, more than 50,000 people from Tanggu defended the enemy fled by the sea in panic, and Fu Zuoyi took 400,000 horses to guard the ancient city of Beiping, and the four suburbs were all PLA troops.
Fu Zuoyi's own daughter Fu Dongju is an underground worker of our party, "undercover" at her father's side, she saw that the PLA soldiers are now in the city, her father and his 400,000 troops are in trouble, knowing that her father is worried about the country and the people, from the heart to love the 400,000 officers and soldiers, as well as the ancient city of Peiping and millions of people in the city, Fu Dongju grasped his work.
But how do you do a good job as a father? How can we fight for the father's uprising as soon as possible? Fu Dongju quietly recalled the pingjin underground organization's more comprehensive analysis of Fu Zuoyi's work.
First of all, his father, Fu Zuoyi, was a famous anti-Japanese general and Chiang Kai-shek's so-called "Zhongxing Meritorious Hero", and Chiang Kai-shek's special "Qingtian White Sun Medal" was given to himself in the first and second to Fu Zuoyi.
At the beginning of the all-out civil war, Fu Zuoyi had adopted the strategy and tactic of attacking the west from the east to force our army to abandon the important town of Zhangjiakou in Hebei Province, which was strong in combat effectiveness, but now when Peiping was surrounded by regiments, he did not know how to fight this civil war.
Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi did not trust each other, and in Chiang Kai-shek's eyes, only the Central Army was his own son, and the other armies were all adopted sons, and they were picked up; while Chiang Kai-shek handed over to him the military and political power of the "Suppression Of North China," he also sent Li Wen and Hou Jingru of the Central Army to Beiping for a long time to restrain Fu Zuoyi.
Fu Zuoyi was also not easy to provoke, he was dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's policy of compromise and surrender to Japan, and he did not accept the "Qingtian White Sun Medal" on the grounds of merit and weakness; when Pingjin was in danger, Chiang Kai-shek asked him to scatter his army in Jiangnan, and Fu Zuoyi insisted on the Beiping territory, and he was afraid that zhang Xueliang would follow in zhang Xueliang's footsteps without the territory.
In the end, Fu Zuoyi relied on the 600,000 troops in his hands, and the luck that existed, he believed that with the army as a chip, he could strive for a favorable situation that could promote peace talks, preserve his strength, and strive to join the future coalition government as a local power faction.
But now, in the case of such a large army besieging the city, where is there room for her father to bargain, Fu Dongju shook her head and smiled bitterly, she took corresponding countermeasures in accordance with the spirit of the party's instructions.
Fu Dongju knew that in such a situation, her father hesitated in every way on the issue of war and peace, and had fallen into a deep contradiction, and she could no longer increase her father's mental pressure.
Fu Dongju asked his father, "Do you think the outcome of this war will be won by the Kuomintang or the Communists?"
"Can this place in Beiping still be defended?" What if I can't hold on?"
"If you can't keep it, can you withdraw it?" What if I can't get out?"
"In the end, is it to fight for the 'party-state' chengren, or to save the lives of hundreds of thousands of soldiers, to save this ancient city, and to save the millions of citizens in the city from the suffering of war?"
When her daughter raised so many questions, Fu Zuoyi just listened quietly and carefully and did not say a word, but Fu Dongju felt that her father was not rejecting her questions and was still willing to listen to them, so Fu Dongju told her views to her father in a single way, and she dared to tell them all if others dared not speak.
Although her father did not speak, Fu Dongju's heart was like a mirror, and her father's thinking had changed greatly, not only did she listen to her words, but also generally agreed with her views.
In fact, even if Fu Dongju didn't talk about it, Fu Zuoyi was clear and clear about these principles.
After three years of fighting the War of Liberation, he had already seen the situation in Northern China clearly, especially after the decisive battles in Liaoshen and Huaihai, and now when it was time to decide to advance and retreat, when it was difficult to make a final decision, he was still very relieved to have someone close to him analyze and analyze and come up with ideas, and he wanted to continue to fight like this, even if he died in battle, no one would come to collect his body.
On December 25, 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced the list of the number one war criminals, and Fu Zuoyi was listed among them, and he was in a very bad mood after learning about it.
Fu Dongju invited Mr. Liu Houtong, who was influenced by our party, and his father's "worshippers" Deng Baoshan and Ma Zhanshan to visit his door to persuade his father.
"Yisheng (Fu Zuoyi's word), don't be pessimistic, the old life is over, the new life is just beginning, we must understand the situation, I don't believe that the Communist Party has to use force to solve the Pingjin issue."
"People's conditions are too high, it is to make me sorry for my friends, it is to make me rebel."
"That's a bad thing! What is loyalty, as long as it is worthy of the people, what can not be discarded? Beiping City you can not defend, the culture can not be destroyed in your hands, accept the terms of peace talks, from the destruction of war, the people will thank you. ”
Although Fu Zuoyi did not take a stand on the spot, this persuasion work still played a crucial role, and then our party sent Li Bingquan to tell Fu Zuoyi, "Chairman Mao listed you as a war criminal in order to protect you and prevent someone from harming you, not to mention that the list of war criminals can be changed." This remark gave Fu Zuoyi a reassuring pill.
Coupled with Chairman Mao's previous military campaign lessons for Fu Zuoyi, the Platon First ate Fu Zuoyi's "heart meat" 35th Army in one fell swoop, and then took less than 30 hours to lay down the fortifications that Fu Zuoyi believed were strong, and it should be no problem to hold on to Tianjin for three months.
Almost every day, Fu Dongju tried every possible means to report his father's situation and the activities of the "North China Suppression General" Headquarters to the frontline command in great detail, and transmitted them to the Xibaipo General Headquarters, and finally Chairman Mao's telegram instructed fu Zuoyi to sincerely discuss the peaceful liberation of Beiping City.
Under the leadership of the higher-level party organizations, Liu Houtong, He Enyuan, Yan Youyi, and others conducted an objective analysis of Fu Zuoyi through various channels and put forward an important strategy for a peaceful uprising.
On January 19, 1949, Fu Zuoyi signed the "Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of Peiping", on January 22, the two sides truceed, Fu Zuoyi's 8 armies and 25 divisions successively went out of the city to listen to the reorganization, and on the 31st, the 4th Column of the Northeast Field Army entered the city to take over the defense, and Peiping was officially declared peacefully liberated.
Fu Zuoyi later said: "I already knew that Dongju was a Communist Party, a red "undercover" around me, and I was always caring for her, afraid that she would be plotted by secret agents, and she was always loving and protective of me, and led me to the light and to the new life." ”
In 1955, in order to praise Fu Zuoyi's contribution to the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people, Chairman Mao personally awarded him the Liberation Medal of the First Class, and his lifelong pursuit of progress and the emphasis on righteousness over profit in the world.
Fu Dongju retired, and the news front left a shadow
Under the influence of her father, Fu Dongju was radical in her thinking, and when she traveled with her mother to Taiyuan, Xi'an and Chongqing, she joined the "Horn Society" organized by students to actively publicize the anti-Japanese struggle to save the country.
When she was studying at the "Southwest United Congress", she joined the "Democratic Youth Alliance", and after the victory of the War of Resistance, she served as the editor of the Tianjin Dagong Newspaper, and later her lover Zhou Yizhi and classmate Li Ding introduced her to the party, and the Dagong Newspaper became the contact point of the Pingjin underground party.
On January 31, 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army held a formal ceremony to enter the city, and after the peaceful liberation of Peiping, the young Fu Dongju did not understand or be satisfied with her father's performance.
She felt that her father was a bit stubborn, if she had listened to her earlier and made a decision on peace or war early, Tianjin might not have to fight blood, and Peiping would be liberated peacefully sooner; She felt that her task had not been completed satisfactorily, and she still felt sorry in her heart, so after the peaceful liberation of Peiping, she did not want to stay with her father.
Marshal Nie Rongzhen, the commander of the Pingjin Campaign at that time, spoke highly of Fu Dongju: Fu Dongju's contribution to the protection of Beiping, the ancient cultural capital, countless splendid civilizations and the lives and property of two million people, is indelible.
However, Fu Dongju still went to Tianjin and served as the editor of the supplementary magazine of "Progress Daily", and in August 1949, the Tianjin "Ta Kung Pao" was discontinued, and Fu Dongju followed Liu Deng's army to the south, joined the Southwest Service Regiment of the Second Field Army, and participated in the founding of "Yunnan Daily".
In 1951, Chen Geng brought Fu Dongju back to Beijing from Kunming, because she knew English and was going to send her to the Korean front to do English translation work, in Beijing, Fu Dongju was left in the People's Daily by Comrade Shuai Mengqi, an old revolutionary of the Communist Party of China, who believed that the Korean front was not suitable for Fu Dongju.
Since then, Fu Dongju has been a reporter for the People's Daily, she has worked in the press department (Beijing group leader), the literature and art department, in 1952, married Zhou Yizhi, a classmate of the Southwest United University, and had three daughters.
The two are like-minded and both work as journalists.
Zhou Yi was later sent to Hong Kong by the People's Daily to work as the chief correspondent of Xinhua News Agency in Hong Kong, where he worked for nearly 15 years, publishing an introduction to Hong Kong until his death in 1997.
Due to the needs of work, in 1982 Fu Dongju was seconded to the Hong Kong branch of the Xinhua News Agency to engage in united front work, she has always used the pen name fu dong, usually active work but does not show mountain dew, very low-key, others do not know that she is Fu Dongju who established the Miracle of Peaceful Liberation of Peiping.
Fu Dongju was later known as one of the "Five Golden Flowers" of the newspaper.
During working together, she gave a good impression of her colleagues, did not have the temper of a big lady, did not think of herself as a hero, was very easy-going, and was also talkative.
When people reach middle age, they have short hair, medium stature, cheerful personality, and have always maintained correspondence with close relatives and friends, talking about the short-term love of their parents, very easy and straightforward, but rarely talk about her past, whether it is brilliant or wronged, especially related to the peaceful liberation of Peiping.
In her later years, Fu Dongju gradually understood her father, and she began to be willing to tell his father's story, to tell the peaceful liberation of Beijing, she said:
When I entered my old age, I calmed down and put myself in my father's shoes and thought about it from my father's point of view, and I gradually realized that as a general who fought the battlefields of the old era, it was really difficult for my father to decide at once to lay down his weapons at the juncture of the Great Armageddon and hand over all the hundreds of thousands of troops under his command.
Moreover, her father had fought many battles and was good at defending the city, and when Peiping was besieged, her father also said to her, "I am not unable to fight, if I want to fight, it will be a bloody battle, what will be the result of fighting?"
Fu Dongju said: "Later I went to visit the Forbidden City, saw that the Forbidden City has the appearance of today, people go in and out of the Forbidden City like a tide, to feel the long history and culture of China, I suddenly thought of my father, I felt that my father was very remarkable, he made a difficult but correct decision, for this decision, he abandoned all his family foundation, I am proud of having such a father who is willing to sacrifice my little one because of the great national righteousness, but unfortunately when I was young, I did not think so." ”
She remembers that her father told her more than once in her later years that we had finally done the right thing (referring to the Peking Peaceful Uprising), and the more we went on, the more we felt right.
In 1995, Fu Dongju retired from the people's daily post at the level of department and bureau, and under the influence of his family, Fu Dongju lived a very simple life, maintained the habit of thrift and self-reliance, and never wasted luxury.
After she left the holiday, she read the newspaper and lived a very comfortable and regular life, and every quarter she had to donate money to some schools to help her, and she was very enthusiastic about the education cause in her hometown, and on the evening of July 2, 2007, the 83-year-old Fu Dongju died in Beijing due to ineffective medical treatment.
This is a pair of special fathers and daughters in a special historical period: one is the old "army" with heavy troops, the other is a new youth who is running for the birth of new China, and finally the daughter prompted her father to make a decision, hand over hundreds of thousands of troops, and save the city of Beijing.
I believe that the people will not forget you, and the Republic will not forget you!
Note: Fu Dongju has been using the name Fu Dongju since liberation, and this article uses the name Fu Dongju in order to read smoothly.
Bibliography:
Meng Aifang, "Liver and Gallbladder Photography and Mutual Promotion", 2013
Chen Zongliang, "100 Whys of Xibaipo", 2004
Zhou Junfang, "Fu Zuoyi in the Pen of a Female Journalist", General Buyi, 2018