Aspirin, one of the three classic masterpieces of the world's medical world, is often regarded by doctors as a "panacea".
In internal medicine, aspirin is mainly used to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which can inhibit the release and aggregation of platelets and play an anti-thrombotic form. Because of this, aspirin has been selected as an essential drug for coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, prevention of myocardial infarction, and thrombosis.
For patients who have had a previous heart attack or stroke, as well as those who have developed angina, have coronary artery bypass surgery, or have coronary angioplasty, the benefits of aspirin "secondary prevention" far outweigh the risk of bleeding.
Because aspirin has a particularly wide range of medicinal uses, it is regarded as a miracle drug by many patients. For patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aspirin is familiar, most people take it for a long time according to medical advice, but do you really know aspirin?
What is aspirin
Aspirin was born in 1899 and has been used for more than a hundred years, its safety and efficacy have been recognized worldwide, so as long as it is in line with the indications for application, it is still recommended that everyone use it.
Now there are many patients who have suffered from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, or already have these risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia or obesity, etc. Many of these patients have a sense of fear of aspirin, afraid of side reactions.
The most common side effects of aspirin are some of the side effects of the gastrointestinal tract, and the most serious case is gastrointestinal bleeding. If there are indications for aspirin use, you need to weigh the benefits and risks of using aspirin.
In general, for the vast majority of patients, the benefits still outweigh the risks, if you are worried that aspirin will bring some risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, you can go to the gastroenterology department for some related tests.
For example, check whether there is Helicobacter pylori on the stomach, or whether there is some history of peptic ulcers before, if there is a problem in this regard, you can first treat it in the gastroenterology department. Another is that when taking oral aspirin, it is also necessary to pay attention to observe whether there is a case of black stool blackening, because blackness is an early symptom of gastrointestinal bleeding.
As soon as there is black stool, the aspirin should be stopped immediately and then checked in the hospital. In general, aspirin is still relatively safe for the vast majority of patients.
Aspirin walking down the "altar"?
Aspirin was first used to treat ischemic heart disease, mainly for heart disease patients, patients with heart bypass surgery, patients who need to install stents, but aspirin taking will have certain drug side effects, often patients against the doctor's advice, reduce the dose on their own, or even stop taking.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a statement that it is no longer recommended for people over the age of 60, and its side effects are much higher than the positive effects of aspirin.
In addition, people aged 40 to 50 can not take aspirin casually, do some preventive measures, and then make a decision under the judgment of doctors, secondly, the myth and legend of aspirin prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has long been questioned.
After research, the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom proposed that after taking aspirin in diabetic patients, the risk of serious cardiovascular disease increased by 10% to 12%, and the incidence of major bleeding events increased by 29%;
Harvard University's 12-year study: The incidence of adenous infarction, stroke death, death from cardiovascular events, etc. decreased by only 4% when using aspirin as a primary prevention. The researchers believe that the benefits of aspirin as primary prevention are much smaller than expected, but they come with additional drug risks.
Australian researchers have found that for healthy elderly people over 70 years old, aspirin not only can not reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but will increase the risk of death and bleeding, everything has positive and negative sides, aspirin as a drug, has a therapeutic effect and will also bring adverse effects.
It is a three-point poison of the drug, any drug can not be taken at will, before taking the will, can not arbitrarily increase or decrease the amount of medicine, arbitrary suspension of drugs is also a big taboo.
5 categories of people or not suitable for using aspirin, see if you are listed before taking it
1. Gastrointestinal diseases
If there is a gastrointestinal disease, such as gastric bleeding, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, etc., aspirin should be used with caution. Because after aspirin is taken, it can directly stimulate the gastric mucosa, causing abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms, long-term use is also easy to cause gastric mucosal damage, causing gastric ulcers and gastric bleeding.
Therefore, if there are patients with gastrointestinal diseases, if you need to take aspirin, it is recommended to use it under the guidance of a doctor, and you can take drugs to protect the stomach at the same time to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
2. Drinkers
Aspirin and alcohol can not be taken at the same time, there are two reasons: aspirin itself on the human stomach has a great stimulation, damage effect, too much alcohol will also damage the stomach, the dual effect of the two, more likely to lead to gastric mucosa destruction, resulting in gastric bleeding.
Both aspirin and alcohol need to be broken down through the liver, so ingesting aspirin and alcohol at the same time will reduce the liver's ability to detoxify, which in turn will lead to the risk of alcohol poisoning.
3. Allergies
People with a history of drug allergies, allergies to aspirin or other salicylates, or allergies to other components of aspirin, also need to use aspirin with caution, which may cause allergic reactions such as rashes, angioedema, and asthma.
4. Pregnant women
Pregnant women should use the drug with caution during pregnancy. The administration of drugs such as aspirin can cause fetal abnormalities. If taken for a long time, it can also cause delayed delivery and be associated with a risk of bleeding.
5. Liver and kidney diseases
Aspirin will produce a certain degree of liver and kidney toxicity after taking, usually appear in large doses or long-term use, so people with liver and kidney diseases should use aspirin with caution, it is recommended to standardize the use of it under the guidance of a doctor.
How can I minimize the toxic side effects of aspirin?
1. Intestinal solvent can be selected in terms of dosage form
The surface of the aspirin intestinal solvent has an acid-resistant coating, which can effectively reduce the stimulation of the gastric mucosa by the drug. And intestinal solvents are recommended to be eaten on an empty stomach, which can quickly reach the intestines and play a role, which in turn helps reduce irritation to the stomach.
2. Control reasonable dosage
Generally, if you take aspirin for a long time to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it is recommended to take a small dose of about 75 to 150 mg per day. However, the specific dosage should be consulted with a doctor, and the doctor should give medication recommendations according to the specific situation. It is not recommended to make your own medication plan to prevent poor results and side effects.
3. Avoid synergistic use with other antipyretic analgesics
While taking other antipyretic analgesics, try to avoid taking aspirin. So as not to have more adverse reactions and harm the body.
4. Avoid using aspirin when blood pressure is poorly controlled
Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation. If patients with high blood pressure want to take aspirin, they must ensure that their blood pressure level is not too high and stable. so as not to cause bleeding disorders.
5. Some gastric mucosal protective agents can be taken in synergistically
If you have a stomach upset while taking aspirin, consult your doctor to see if you can prescribe gastric mucosal protectors to help reduce adverse effects.