Diabetes is a common chronic disease that affects the conversion of energy in the body, mainly because the body's insulin production is insufficient or poorly utilized, and it is impossible to effectively regulate blood sugar, which often leads to high blood sugar in patients, which in turn damages blood vessels, nerves, hearts, kidneys, eyes and other types of body tissues.
According to data confirmed by the World Health Organization, the number of people with diabetes worldwide has increased from nearly 100 million in the 1980s to more than 400 million in 2014, with a corresponding adult prevalence rate of about 8.5%.
But in 2022, the World Health Organization has introduced that the prevalence of adult diabetes in China is almost 10%, more than 100 million people, and the trend cannot be ignored.
As one of the most closely related diseases to "eating", diabetes is the most common disease, dinner is a very important meal for diabetics, you need to know which foods can eat, which foods can not eat, if you are not clear, you may wish to listen to the doctor.
Why is diabetes eaten?
Diabetes has a lot to do with diet. Insulin is the only hypoglycemic hormone secreted by the pancreas in the human body. If you eat inappropriately, your insulin secretion is not normal, and your blood sugar will rise. Diabetes is thus "eaten" out.
1. Calorie intake is too high
Modern people generally consume relatively high calories, such as foods that the public likes, chocolate, hamburgers, pizza, ribs, carbonated drinks, beer, fried chicken and so on. If you eat a lot of these things for a long time and exercise is insufficient, you will gradually accumulate fat in the body and become a cause of diabetes.
2. The diet structure is unreasonable
The latest results of the "Survey on the Nutrition and Health Status of Chinese Residents" show that mainland urban residents consume too much poultry meat and oil, low consumption of cereals, and insufficient intake of micronutrients such as calcium, iron and vitamin A.
Moreover, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, which are closely related to dietary nutrition and lifestyle, is rising rapidly.
3, excessive consumption of oil and fat
Chinese stir-fry vegetables put more oil, and the heat of the oil is very high. The daily intake of vegetable oil recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society is 25 grams, and the current average intake of urban and rural residents is much higher than this value. Chinese also love to eat pork, and the proportion of saturated fatty acids in pork is much higher than that of poultry.
4. Do not eat breakfast
Not eating breakfast or eating breakfast badly is more harmful to the body, susceptible to digestive tract diseases, reduce brain function, susceptible to gallstones, easy to constipation, accelerate aging, affect life expectancy and so on.
5. Eating is swallowed
The pace of life has accelerated, and the speed at which people eat has also increased, wolfing down, and many people chew two or three times when they eat, and eat a meal in ten minutes. This will not only damage the esophagus, but also cause digestive and metabolic dysfunction, causing constipation, obesity and so on. People with high blood sugar eat too quickly can aggravate the condition.
6. Excessive consumption of sweets
Although eating sweets cannot directly lead to diabetes, long-term eating of sweets will cause excessive insulin secretion, carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders, imbalances in the human body environment, and weaken the defense function of the immune system. Over time, it can cause diabetes
People with high blood sugar, diet is not casual, it is recommended to keep in mind at dinner: "4 often eat, 4 do not eat"
【4 often eat】:
1. Bitter melon
Bitter melon is slightly bitter in the mouth, many people do not like to eat, but it has many benefits for the body, bitter melon saponin has a hypoglycemic effect is also known as "natural insulin", followed by the special saponins contained in bitter melon and other substances have a certain help in lowering blood sugar.
It cannot be ignored that bitter melon is cold in nature and can be eaten together with mild food, so that it can neutralize the cold, if you use bitter melon to make tea to drink better, but women must drink less during menstruation, so as not to cause menstrual irregularities or aggravate menstrual pain.
2. Oats
The nutritional and healthcare value of oats is high. Oats are rich in B vitamins, niacin, folic acid, and pantothenic acid, especially vitamin E, which is as high as 15 mg per 100 grams of oat flour.
In addition, the composition of the amino acids contained in it is relatively comprehensive, and the content of 8 essential amino acids is the first, especially lysine up to 0.68 grams.
Oats have the characteristics of high nutrition, high calorie, low starch and low sugar, so they objectively meet the dietary needs of diabetics. Eating oat products can achieve the effect of eating less and not reducing nutrition, which can greatly reduce the amount of starch intake, which is an extremely rare food for diabetics.
3. Konjac
Konjac is a low calorie, high fiber food, because of its large molecular weight, high viscosity, slow excretion in the intestine, can delay the absorption of glucose, effectively reduce the rise in blood sugar after meals.
The grape mannan contained in konjac has a good effect on lowering the blood sugar of diabetic patients. And because it has strong water absorption and low heat content, it can increase satiety, reduce hunger, and reduce weight, so it is an ideal food for diabetics.
4. Avocado
Not only are avocados rich in the antioxidant vitamin E, but they are also an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids, a special type of fatty acid that increases levels of healthy cholesterol and helps prevent heart disease.
Unsaturated fatty acids can also have a positive effect on blood sugar levels, improving insulin resistance. In addition, avocados are lower in carbohydrates and higher in dietary fiber, which is important for preventing diabetes, as dietary fiber can slow down the absorption of sugar, which can prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar.
【4 Do not eat】
1. Dried fruit
Dried fruits are high-fiber, nutrient-rich foods, which may seem like a good dietary choice for diabetics, but if they belong to type 2 diabetics, it is important to keep your mouth shut and eat dried fruits with caution.
Because the natural sugar content of dried fruits will be concentrated after dehydration, thereby increasing the sugar content of the body, for diabetics, you can eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as strawberries, grapefruit, etc.
2. Sugary foods
It mainly refers to foods that contain a lot of simple sugars, such as glucose and sucrose, because they contain a lot of sugar, which directly affects blood sugar and is very unfavorable to the disease.
Such as sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, milk sugar, fruit sugar, candied fruit, soda, all kinds of fruit juices, sweet drinks, ice cream, sweet biscuits, cakes, jams, sweet bread and various pastries made of sugar.
3. High-fat food
High-fat foods and high-cholesterol foods do not eat, diabetics are prone to hyperlipidemia, and hyperlipidemia can easily induce many chronic complications, so it is best for diabetics not to eat such foods, or strictly control intake.
Such foods usually include animal oil, butter, cream, fatty meat, animal offal and brain marrow, egg yolk, pine blossom egg and so on.
4. Peanuts and melon seeds
Peanuts and melon seeds are also high-calorie, high-fat foods, containing calories than the same weight of pork is three or four times higher, if long-term consumption, it is certainly not conducive to weight maintenance and blood lipid control, thereby indirectly affecting blood sugar, blood pressure control effect, long-term eating peanuts, melon seeds and other nuts food may induce high blood sugar.
Diabetes needs to be checked for what items to do
1. Blood sugar: Blood sugar is the only criterion for diagnosing diabetes. People with obvious "three more and one less" symptoms can be diagnosed as long as an abnormal blood glucose value is once. Diagnosing diabetes in an asymptomatic person requires two abnormal blood glucose levels. Suspicious patients need to do a 75 g glucose tolerance test.
2. Urine glucose: often positive. Urine glucose is positive when blood glucose concentrations exceed renal glucose thresholds (160 to 180 mg/dL). When the renal glucose threshold is elevated, the diagnosis of diabetes may be negative even if the blood glucose reaches. Therefore, urine glucose measurement is not used as a diagnostic criterion.
3. Urine ketones: urine ketone bodies are positive when ketosis or ketoacidosis occurs.
4. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): Glycosylated hemoglobin is the product of glucose and hemoglobin non-enzymatic reaction binding, the reaction is irreversible, HbA1c level is stable, can reflect the average blood glucose level in the first 2 months before blood extraction. It is the most valuable indicator of blood glucose control status.
5. Glycated serum protein: glycosylated serum protein is the product of blood glucose binding to serum albumin non-enzymatic reaction, reflecting the average blood glucose level of 1 to 3 weeks before blood retrieval.
6. Serum insulin and C-peptide levels: Serum insulin and C-peptide levels reflect the reserve function of islet β cells. In the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus or obese type, serum insulin is normal or elevated, and as the disease progresses, islet function gradually decreases and insulin secretion ability decreases.