#历史上的程咬金, is there really courage? #
【Author】Shenmu City Special Education School Yang Yu
June 12, 2022
First, the turning point of life returned to the Tang Dynasty and followed Li Shimin, the King of Qin
Cheng Yaojin (589 – February 26, 665), originally known as Biting Jin, changed his name to Zhijie, and was a native of Dong'a, Jeju (present-day Southwest Dong'a, Shandong). A famous founding general of the Tang Dynasty, one of the twenty-four heroes of Ling Yan Pavilion. Xiao Yong is good at fighting and makes good use of horse mallets. In the last year of the Sui Dynasty, he joined the Wagang Army and served as a horseman for the internal army, and the soldiers were defeated and surrendered to Wang Shichong. The turning point in his life was the early years of Wu De, when he surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, followed Li Shimin, the King of Qin, broke the Song King Kong, captured Dou Jiande, and demoted Wang Shichong, repeatedly made military achievements, was crowned the Duke of Suguo, and participated in the change of Xuanwu Gate.
2. He was an assassin in his old age and died at the age of seventy-seven
Tang Taizong succeeded to the throne, successively serving as the Governor of Luzhou, the Great General of the Left Leading Army, the Governor of Yuanzhou, the Governor of Jiang Wangfu, the Governor of Youzhou, the Great General of ZuoTun Wei, the Great General of the Zhenjun Army, the Hereditary Puzhou Assassin History, the renaming of the Duke of Luguo, and the figure in Lingyange. It can be seen that the credit is extraordinary. Emperor Taizong of Tang died, escorting the crown prince Li Zhi back to the throne, and moving to assist the general of the state and the general of the left guard. He served as the commander-in-chief of the March of the Onion Mountain Road, and attacked Ashina Helu, and was defeated and dismissed from office. From the history of the Qi Prefecture Thorn, the old man was born. In the second year of Lin De, Cheng Yaojin died at the age of seventy-seven, and was given the title of Grand General of the Horse Riding horse and the governor of Yizhou, with the nickname "Xiang", and was buried with Zhaoling.
Third, use the horse mallet to fight bravely, and the thieves rise up to guard the township
Cheng Yaojin is a native of Dong'a County, Jeju, who was brave and good at fighting when he was young, and was good at using horse mallets. Since the sixth year of the Sui Dynasty, thieves have swarmed, and Cheng Yaojin has organized an armed force of hundreds of people to guard the township. Later, it was attached to Li Mi and reused as one of the horsemen of the Inner Army. At that time, Li Mi selected 8,000 brave soldiers in the army, which belonged to the Four Horsemen and were divided into left and right, known as the internal army. Li Mi often said to people, "These eight thousand people are worth a million troops." "Cheng bit the golden pipe to lead one of the four horsemen, and the grace he received was particularly generous. It can be seen that he is a pioneer, and the enemy looks at the wind and flees.
4. Li Mi failed to be taken prisoner and appointed a general to treat him favorably
When Wang Shichong fought a decisive battle with Li Mi, Cheng Yaojin led the inner horse to camp on the Northern Qiao Mountain, and Shan Xiongxin led the outer horse to camp north of Yanshi City. Wang Shichong attacked Shan Xiongxin's camp, and Li Mi sent Cheng Jin and Pei Xingyu to the rescue, and Pei Xingyu was shot by a stray arrow and fell off his horse. Cheng bit Jin Chi's horse to rescue, killed several people in a row, and took advantage of Wang Shichong's retreat to pick up Pei Xingyu, and the two rode back on the same horse. The pursuing soldiers stabbed with a mallet, Cheng Biting Jin's body was pierced, Cheng Biting Jin turned around and broke his belt, killing the pursuing soldiers, and the two sides were spared from this difficulty, which was indeed nine deaths. Later, Li Mi failed, and Cheng Yaojin was captured by Wang Shichong, who appointed him as a general and treated him very well.
5. Wang Shichong was cunning and cunning, and Cheng Biting Jin surrendered to the Tang King
In the second year of Tang Wude, Wang Shichong attacked Guzhou, Qin Qiong was the general of Long Jun, and Cheng Yaojin was the general, and the two were treated kindly. However, Cheng Biting Jin and Qin Qiong hated Wang Shichong's cunning, and Cheng Biting Jin said to Qin Qiong: "The prince has a shallow and narrow demeanor, but he loves to talk nonsense, likes to gamble and swear, this is not a monarch who corrects chaos!" Wang Shichong fought with the Tang army in Jiuqu, And Qin Shubao and Cheng Yaojin led the troops in the formation, rode their horses and ran west for a hundred steps, and then got off their horses and saluted: "I wait for you to be treated favorably, and I always want to repay the favor and serve, but your temperament is jealous, and you love to believe rumors, not where I am waiting for me, no longer serve you, and I will be separated from you." So with dozens of troops descending to Tang, Wang Shichong was afraid of the Tang army and did not dare to pursue. I reckon he must have been so angry that he vomited blood.
6. Whenever he went out on a expedition, he was often the first to ascend, and Jiangong was given the title of Duke of Suguo
We know that Li Yuan asked them to follow Li Shimin, the King of Qin, and Li Shimin had already heard of their reputation and respected them very much, and appointed Qin Shubao as the commander of the Ma Army, and Cheng Yaojin as the commander of the Left Third Army. It can be seen that at that time, the two were well-known good men of the hard state, and in the eyes of Li Shimin, they were the talents of the generals. After that, Cheng Yaojin defeated Song Jingang, Dou Jiande, and Wang Shichong successively, and led the commander-in-chief of the Zuo Yima Army, which indeed lived up to expectations. Whenever he went out on a campaign, he often raised the flag first, and was named the Duke of Suguo for his many military achievements.
7. Promote the General of Wu Wei and enjoy the actual sealing of 700 households
In the seventh year of Wude (624), the crown prince Li Jiancheng was jealous of Cheng's bite of Jin, so he made a rumor to Li Yuan, so Li Yuan sent Cheng to bite Jin as the assassin of Kangzhou. Cheng Yaojin informed Li Shimin: "The Great King has been cut off his left arm and right arm, and he will certainly not be able to save himself." I'm just dead, I hope you can protect yourself quickly! "I think he was the first supporter of Li Shimin's seizure of the throne, because his life and death were instantaneous, and in the ninth year of WuDe, Li Shimin launched the Xuanwumen Revolution, and Cheng Yaojin was also involved. After the change of Xuanwu Gate, Cheng bit the Jin official to worship the Prince Right Guard, and then was promoted to the Rank of Right Guard General, enjoying the title of 700 households.
VIII. Cheng bites the history of The Assassination of Jinpu Prefecture, and the descendants of the Duke of Lu are hereditary
In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Cheng Washijin was appointed as the military governor of lu, rong, and rong prefectures, and the military governor of Luzhou (泸州, in modern Luzhou, Sichuan). Suppress the rebellion of the Iron Mountain Beasts, and reward them with 200 silk horses and a jade belt for imperial clothing. In the seventh year of Zhenguan, Cheng Yaojin was appointed as the General of the Left Army. In the eighth year of Zhenguan, he served as the governor of Yuanzhou (present-day Guyuan, Ningxia). In the eleventh year of Zhenguan, he inspected the history of Li Yun, the seventh son of Emperor Taizong, the governor of the Jiang Dynasty. In my opinion, Li Shimin was a feudal hero, and Cheng Yaojin was awarded the title of Puzhou Assassin History, renamed the Duke of Lu, and actually granted 700 households, and his descendants were hereditary. Soon after, he was appointed as the envoy of the six prefectures of You, Yi, Tan, Ping, Yan, and Youzhou. It is because Cheng bites Jin loyally and has no ambition.
9. Escort Li Zhi back to the imperial court, and stay outside the door for three months
On February 28, the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Li Shimin ordered people to draw twenty-four heroes in Ling Yan Pavilion, all of which were life-size, and Cheng Yaojin was in the nineteenth place. In the same year, Cheng Yaojin was transferred to the post of Grand General of Zuotun Wei, inspector of the garrison at the north gate of Miyagi Castle, and general of the Jiazhen Army. In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, Li Shimin personally conquered Goguryeo, and Cheng Yaojin stayed in Chang'an. Twenty-three years after Zhenguan, Li Shimin died, and Cheng Yaojin led a flying cavalry army to escort Li Zhihui to succeed to the throne, and Left Yanming stayed outside the gate for three months. It can be seen that Li Shimin has great trust in him. In the sixth year of Yonghui, Cheng Yaojin was transferred from the General of Zuotun Wei to the General of Zuo Wei, and also served as the inspector of the Tun Battalion.
10. The Tang army pursued for twenty miles and beheaded 1,500 enemies
In August of the first year of Xianqing (656), Cheng Yaojin was appointed as the chief commander of the march of the Onion Mountain Road to attack the Western Turk Ashina Helu. In December, Cheng Yaojin led his army to the Yingjiao River, encountered a strong Army of 20,000 horses of the Western Turks, and his former commander Su Dingfang led 500 horses to meet the attack, and the Western Turks were defeated. The Tang army pursued for twenty miles, killing more than 1,500 enemies. Wang Wendu, deputy chief executive, was very jealous of Su Dingfang's great achievements, and said to Cheng Yaojin: "Although it is a victory at this time, the officers and troops also have casualties, so we must not rush to pursue the enemy, we should form a phalanx of ourselves, move forward slowly and cautiously, and when the enemy comes, it will be a perfect strategy." It can be seen that this person's mind is not right.
11. Sit in a trap and defend the enemy to defeat, so cowardly and meritorious
Wang Wendu also said that he had the secret will of the emperor, afraid that Cheng would bite Jin and be brave instead of putting his opponent in his heart, so wang Wendu restrained Cheng to bite Jin, so he ordered the army not to go deep into the pursuit of the enemy. Tang soldiers rode their horses all day long, the winter wind was severe, the body was slowly traveled by heavy armor, the grain and grass were not continued, and the people and horses froze and died of frostbite one after another. Su Dingfang persuaded Cheng to bite the gold, the purpose of our division is to annihilate the enemy, but at this time, we are sitting in a trap and defending ourselves, and the enemy will be defeated, so cowardly, how can we make meritorious achievements! The emperor regards you as a general, how can he secretly order his deputies to give orders, there must be deception in it. Please order Wang Wendu to be arrested and play the emperor on the flying watch to find out. But Cheng Biting Jin shook his head and did not follow. It can be seen that he is stubborn and courageous.
XII. Wang Wendu was dismissed from his post, and Cheng Yaojin was dismissed from office
When the army reached Hengdu City, thousands of Hu people opened their doors and landed, and Wang Wendu said: "These people will definitely rebel again when we leave, so it is better to kill them all and seize their assets." Su Dingfang said: "If we have turned ourselves into thieves in this way, how can we be called a crusade against rebellion for the country?" Wang Wendu did not listen, so Cheng bit Jin Tucheng and left, and Ashina Helu fled far away after hearing about this. After the army returned to the division, Wang Wendu died of correction and was later removed from his post. Cheng Biting Jin lian sat down and was dismissed from office, and soon after, Ren Qi Prefecture stabbed Shi. Cheng Yaojin wrote a letter requesting Zhishi and was approved. That is to say, Cheng bit jin was affected, but the emperor did not treat him well.
Thirteen, Cheng Yaojin was born into death, and had a heart of integrity and selflessness
On February 7 of the second year of Lin De (665), Cheng Yaojin died in his private residence in Chang'an City at the age of seventy-seven. Li Zhi posthumously gave the grand general of the Hu Horse and the governor of Yizhou and was buried in Zhaoling. Nicknamed Xianggong. On October 11, he was buried in the original land of the Nine Mountains. Following Li Shimin to found the Tang Dynasty, Cheng Yaojin has been active in various novel interpretations and drama scripts, and has been talked about by people. I think that the novel interpretation and historical drama are both artistic creations, so the shaping of Cheng Biting Jin in it is actually not quite consistent with the real Cheng Biting Jin in history. But he was born into death, and his integrity and selflessness were real.
Fourteen, learn the three axes in the dream, and the Chaos Demon King is as his name suggests
In the "Sui and Tang Dynasty Yanyi" and "The Complete Biography of the Tang Dynasty", Cheng Yaojin, Zi Zhijie, nicknamed Ichiro, made a Bagua Xuanhua axe, whose stunt was the three-plate axe learned in his dreams, nicknamed "Mixed World Demon King", people as his name, did countless mixed things, started with selling private salt, and Qin Qiong was a cousin, once the king of the Great Demon Kingdom of Wagangzhai, and later surrendered to Li Tang, with little wisdom and luck also made a lot of great achievements. With excellent luck in his life, he lived to be more than a hundred years old, and went through the six dynasties of Gaozu, Taizong, Gaozong, Wu Zetian, Zhongzong, and Ruizong, until the collapse of the Wu Zetian regime, which can be said to be the first blessed general among the heroes of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with a straightforward personality and a thick and fine personality. In the opera film and television adapted from this, Cheng Yaojin is also an important and cute character.
Fifteen, forty-five years for the official, standing tall ivy
In the novel and historical texts, Cheng Yaojin is a brave and unscrupulous "iron man", and his combat effectiveness is only three axes. In fact, this is the artistic image of Cheng Yaojin is too popular with people, so after successive generations of artistic processing, it has been misunderstood by people for a thousand years. I think that the real Cheng Yaojin is not only brave and unscrupulous, but a very wise and powerful person. Cheng Yaojin's forty-five years as an official still stands firm, which is a clear proof of his wisdom.
Sixteen, Cheng Bite Jin has courage and strategy, not stupid and wise
Cheng Yaojin is not brave and resourceful, let alone stupid, he is a wise fool. In history, the change of imperial power is a very common phenomenon, but whenever a new emperor succeeds to the throne, he will replace his own manpower in the court, and rarely continue to use old courtiers. This is called: a dynasty of heaven and a courtier. I think that since Cheng Yaojin participated in the founding of the Tang Dynasty, he has been an official for forty-five years, and has gone through the three emperors of Li Shimin, Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, but he has not been replaced or executed by the new king, which is why Cheng Yaojin has great wisdom and can handle various relations well.
17. The plate axe is suitable for close combat, and the horse mallet is good at using the long-range thorn
Under the word of mouth of artistic images such as interpretation and drama, how deep is the misunderstanding of Cheng Biting Jin? The weapon used by Cheng Biting Jin in the "Sui and Tang Dynasty" is a plate axe, which makes people feel that Cheng Biting Jin has courage and martial arts but insufficient wisdom. The Cheng Zhijie recorded in the zhengshi used a horse mallet. In my opinion, the plate axe is suitable for close combat, and the horse mallet is good at using the far spine. Cheng Biting Jin in the rendition will only scare people with a three-plate axe, and Cheng Biting Jin in zhengshi can break through the siege and save comrades in the chaotic army. It may be that the use of Cheng bites the golden body to lead the way, and there is a relationship with the surprise victory.
Eighteen, in the interpretation of the silly, the history of the very idea
In the rendition, Cheng Biting Jin was unable to eat enough, so he went up to Wagang Mountain, but Cheng Biting Jin in zhengshi was to protect the township in the chaotic world, so he gathered hundreds of disciples in case he stole. All in all, cheng biting jin in the novel rendition gives people a feeling of being stupid, but Cheng biting jin in the main history is very thoughtful. Looking at the many generals who followed Li Shimin, only Qin Qiong and Cheng Yaojin were able to die well. I think that Shan Xiongxin, one of the Five Tiger Generals of Wagang, has a high level of martial arts and is known as a flying general. However, because he followed Wang Shichong, he later ended up with a beheading. It can be seen that Cheng has courage and strategy to bite Jin, and has a confident mind.
Nineteen, Cheng Yaojin grasped the measure, and Li Shimin trusted it
However, Cheng Yaojin did not look up to Wang Shichong, and even said to Qin Qiong that Wang Shichong was insufficient and conspiratorial. It turns out that Cheng bites Jin indeed has a vision. Such a visionary and insightful Cheng Yaojin obviously cannot be said to be a reckless man. However, in the novel, Cheng Yaojin's writing and history are completely different, in fact, it does not damage his first name. I think that if Cheng Jin is a reckless man, then there are few smart people in history. From the beginning of the chaotic world, Cheng Yaojin was bent on protecting the township, that is, self-protection. He knows how to grasp the measure, so Li Shimin trusts him a lot.
20. Li Zhi ascended the throne as emperor and trusted Cheng Yaojin
Cheng Yaojin knows better what he should do and what he should not do. Li Jiancheng wanted to alienate Li Shimin and Cheng Biting Jin, and transferred Cheng Biting Jin away from Li Shimin. However, Cheng Yaojin said: The duty of the minister is to protect you thoroughly, never leave half a step, let me leave me and rather die. Cheng Yaojin not only did not leave Li Shimin, but later led his troops to personally guard his successor Li Zhi for three months before Li Shimin was about to die. Therefore, after Li Zhi ascended the throne, he also had great trust in Cheng Yaojin. We think that no matter which dynasty or who becomes emperor, then loyal people will like it.
21. Empress Wu Zetian ascended the throne, and Cheng bit Jin as steadily as Mount Tai
I think that when Empress Wu Zetian ascended the throne later, she executed many courtiers who disagreed with her political views because Cheng Yaojin was very low-key and did not directly oppose Wu Zetian's claim to the throne, and Cheng Yaojin, a senior minister, also had a lot of prestige in the people. Therefore, at that time, Wu Zetian's head was rolling at the beginning of the dynasty, and there were not a few exiles, but only Cheng Yaojin, who did not interfere in the government affairs, was able to enjoy his old age in peace. Forty-five years as an official, Cheng Biting Jin has stood firm, which shows that the image of Cheng Biting Jin in the novel and opera is only an image that everyone likes to see, not the real Cheng Biting Jin in history.