Shangguan Wan'er (664-710 AD) Historical figure Shangguan Wan'er
Aliases: Shangguan Zhaorong, Xiao Wan
Nationality: Chinese
Ethnicity: Han Chinese
Place of Birth: Shaan County, Shaanzhou (now part of Sanmenxia, Henan) Date of birth: 664 AD
Date of death: July 21, 710 AD
Occupation: poet, politician, imperial concubine
Major achievements: Advice on the social and political advancement of women
Major Achievements: Establishment of the Shubunkan, addition of bachelors to handle the Hundred Divisions, and participation in government affairs
Representative works: "Colorful Book Complaint", "Twenty-five Songs of Princess You Changning Liu Cup Pool" and so on
Grandfather: Shangguan Yi
Husband: Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, Li Xian
Lovers: Cui Xiang, Wu Sansi
Nickname: Huiwen
Image: Shangguan Wan'er following Wu Zetian's side stills
Shangguan Wan'er's legendary life.
The legendary life of Shangguan Wan'er, the only "female prime minister" in Chinese history. In 664, the ill Emperor Gaozong of Tang, dissatisfied with Empress Wu Zetian's dictatorship, wanted to join forces with the chancellor Shangguan Yi to depose Wu, but the matter was defeated, Shangguan Yi was killed, and the infant granddaughter Shangguan Wan'er was taken into the palace as a slave along with her mother. Shangguan Wan'er experienced hardships in the palace from an early age, but under the careful education of her mother, she grew up to be a young girl in Xiuwaihui, and was accidentally appreciated by Wu Zetian, and later experienced hardships and became wu Zetian's right and left arm.
Wu Zetian was a female emperor of eons, and when people saw him shining, they often ignored another woman behind her, Shangguan Wan'er. Shangguan Wan'er and her master can be called a successful woman with wisdom behind her.
This Shangguan Wan'er and Wu Zetian actually had a lot to do with each other, Wan'er's grandfather was beheaded by Wu Zetian for drafting an edict for Emperor Gaozong to abolish Wu Zetian, and Shangguan Wan'er, who was still in her infancy, and her mother were spared death, but were sent to the Yeting Palace. This palace was also the place where the palace women were centered and the women of the criminal bureaucrats' families were assigned to work in the palace.
In 677 A.D., the 14-year-old Shangguan Wan'er, who had already fallen out of the beautiful and light year, coupled with natural intelligence, over-the-eye recitation, and literary excellence, was simply the best among women. In the same year, Wu Zetian held a palace examination. On the spot proposition, its writings according to the title, did not expect Shangguan Wan'er, the text did not add points, in one go, Wu Zetian loved talent, which wanted to get her after the criminal.
Since then, Wu Zetian has relied on Shangguan Wan'er as a confidant, and even talked to her male secretary Zhang Changzong about love, but it was precisely Shangguan Wan'er who looked at Zhang Changzong and was also moved, and Zhang Changzong gradually fell in love with her, and one day wu Zetian found out, Wu Zetian pulled out a golden knife on the spot, directly inserted into Shangguan Wan'er's hair bun and scratched her left forehead, which knocked on the mountain and shocked the tiger, which frightened Shangguan Wan'er, but strengthened Shangguan Wan'er's determination with Wu Zetian and gave up love.
Later, Shangguan Wan'er was dead set on Wu Zetian, bent on catering, and flattered Wu Zetian even more, and beginning in 698 AD in the first year of the Holy Calendar, Wu Zetian let her participate in the handling of the song, and even asked him to draft a letter of recall.
Image: Shangguan Wan'er presents stills of the edict
The truth about Shangguan Wan'er's death
Shangguan Wan'er, a very famous talented woman during the Tang Dynasty, is also the only female historical figure in the history of the mainland whose position of power has reached the level of prime minister. Shangguan Wan'er is talented, beautiful, can be said to be a real talent and beauty, deeply trusted by Wu Zetian and Princess Taiping, but her ending is not good, the historical record was killed by Li Longji, but many people still have different speculations about the truth of how Shangguan Wan'er died.
Shangguan Wan'er was very trusted by Wu Zetian during the Wu Zetian period, and Shangguan Wan'er's talent was definitely rarely caught up, so she was also one of the four talented women in the mainland. When Serving Wu Zetian, Shangguan Wan'er can be said to have catered to Wu Zetian's mind in everything, so during this period, Shangguan Wan'er's power position also reached its peak, and according to the status, Shangguan Wan'er was quite a female prime minister.
Later, Wu Zetian abdicated, and Shangguan Wan'er turned to Empress Wei, who was also a woman who wanted to be Wu Zetian, but she did not have the ability of Wu Zetian, and she was soon solved by Li Longji, who was also very familiar with everyone, that is, Tang Xuanzong behind. After Li Longji killed Wei, Shangguan Wan'er greeted her and said that she was actually helping Li Longji, but Li Longji did not believe it and directly killed her, even princess Taiping's persuasion was useless.
So why didn't Li Longji want to let Shangguan Wan'er go? The main reason for this is that Shangguan Wan'er is on the wrong side, Li Longji is the bloodline of the Li family, and naturally supports himself and the Li family, but on the other hand, Shangguan Wan'er, whether in the Wu Zetian period or in the Wei period, is rejecting the Li family, which Li Longji cannot tolerate. Another is that Shangguan Wan'er's behavior of the wall head grass is also li longji can not tolerate, it turns out that Li Longji is right, look at the rebellion of princess Taiping behind it.
Therefore, shangguan wan'er actually died because she stood in the wrong team, and if she supported the Li family after the fall of Wu Zetian, then she would not be so miserable. Although Li Longji killed Shangguan Wan'er and considered Shangguan Wan'er to be a person who committed adultery and harmed the court, he still recognized Shangguan Wan'er's talent. This can be seen from the special collection of some works of Shangguan Wan'er in the back.
【Zhi Gai】 Tang Dynasty Zhaorong Shangguan Clan Ming
【Epitaph】 The epitaph of the Shangguan clan of the Tang Dynasty and the preface
【Translation】
Tang Dynasty Zhaorong Shangguan Clan Ming
The epitaph of the Shangguan clan of the Tang Dynasty is combined with the preface
In the mysterious Tao, when heaven and earth get it, they will transform into human form; if they are angry, they will naturally obtain it and form human insight and talent. Heaven created man, just like kneading and clay, making pottery fan to cast utensils, the Tao must be aggregated and dissipated, and the operation of qi is stopped, and often cannot be completed in one person. Once he is ready in one person's body, then he must be an unprecedented talent and a rare talent in a thousand years.
Jie Yu's surname was Shangguan (上官氏), and she was a native of Shangyi, Longxi. Her ancestors were descendants of the Gaoyang clan. In the male lineage, in the Spring and Autumn Period, he became the Shangguan Doctor of the Chu State, so he got the Shangguan clan as a surname and passed it on from generation to generation. In the women's vein, in the Western Han Dynasty, there was an empress of the Han Zhao Emperor, and the family's noble merits have been endless since then. Jie Yu's great-grandfather, Shangguan Hong, served as a secretary in the former Sui TengWang Yang Zhan's mansion to join the army, xiangzhou governor shi, hua prefecture governor shi, hui ji county zanzhi, Shang Shu Bibu Langzhong. Together with Gucheng Gongtu Wanxu, he pacified the Southern Dynasty and was awarded the title of Tongyi Dafu. He was very knowledgeable and his style was changeable. As a disciple of the Sui Dynasty Emperor, he politically purged the clans of jiangnan; he went out with a sword and militarily swept away the ominous atmosphere left in the Southern Dynasty.
Jia Yu's grandfather Shangguan Yi (上官宜) was a member of the army of the Jin Dynasty, a scholar of the Dongge Sacrifice, a scholar of the Hongwenguan, a scholar of the Shizhong, the prince washing horses, a Zhongshu Sheren, a secretary shaojian, a yinqing Guanglu doctor, a Xingzhongshu waiter, a tongzhongshu menxia sanpin, a gift of Zhongshu Ling, a governor of Qinzhou, a shangzhu guo, a chu state, and a three thousand households. His literary talent is like a turbulent sea, and his morality is like a cliff. He is the wood that can be sharpened into a good bow, and the fine iron that can be sharpened into a sword. He was knowledgeable and knowledgeable, and even the books that were not in the flow were read one by one, so that there were almost no books to read in the world; he was brilliant in his literary style and varied in penmanship, such as the unpredictable illusion of smoke, and became the suzerainty of the world's articles. He rose to prominence in his official position and advised the king in court. He was far-sighted in his plans for the king, and he was on his own when he assisted the king in his administration. Colleagues and subordinates competed to consult and visit him; and the Shangguan family's mansion was magnificent and magnificent, and the glory of the Shangguan clan was passed down from generation to generation. He is rich but does not pursue luxury, and the nobles do not forget the friends of the poor and the lowly. When he was alive, he had a good name, and the emperor's edicts of commendation filled the ornate room; after death, he could still have the emperor's love, and posthumously seal his seal to the Nine Springs.
Jie Yu's father, Shangguan Tingzhi, served as Zuo Qianniu Wei and was born as a subordinate of the King of Zhou. He was the best of the best in talent, the first among the scholars. He judged the hour and sized up the situation, and in the palace, he attached importance to serving the emperor, so he was cautious in his words and deeds, and did not say a word; in the court, he discussed the country first, so he could speak eloquently and talk freely. He is as lonely as a tree of ten thousand searches, carrying forward the style of a great power in our country; he is as outstanding as a thousand-mile horse, and his reputation is famous far and wide. Unfortunately, he was implicated by the unfortunate fate of the Duke of Chu, was dismissed from his official post, stripped of his official clothes, resigned from the emperor, and expelled from the capital, and his father and son were exiled together and died together in fear. After his rehabilitation, the imperial court posthumously awarded him huangmen shilang, the founding duke of Tianshui County, and other officials, and three thousand households. The imperial court sent people to the exiled land to search for his remains, but unfortunately even the rattan mat for the shroud was not found. Only the poems he had written in those years were still hidden in the secret house of the palace.
Her good and virtuous lady is blessed by the gifts of heaven, and her virtuousness and wisdom depend on the help of the gods. She grew up in the garden of poetry books, picking up the essence of it. She used wenmo as a weaving machine to weave poetry as exquisite as a splendid embroidery. She became a talented person at the age of thirteen, with exquisite calligraphy, proficient in various calligraphy styles, excellent ability, and quicker than meteors. Emperor Zhongzong of the First Emperor corrected the chaos, removed the old and the new, saved the people from water and fire, and inherited the great unification of Li and Tang. In the first year of the Divine Dragon, he was crowned as Zhaorong. At this time, the Wei Shu people (Wei Hou) played with the monarchy, shook the throne, and instructed the traitorous ministers to provoke one after another, hoping that the former emperor would set up his beloved daughter Bo Rebellion Palace (Princess Anle) as the imperial concubine. The Bo rebels also secretly plotted to establish themselves as emperors and crown the thieves as courtiers. Zhaorong was very sad, and tried his best to advise, eagerly expressing his loyalty, begging the former emperor to issue an edict to get rid of the chaotic party. Emperor Xian was lenient and covered up his sins for his wife and daughter. ZhaoRong felt that things could not be carried out and there was nothing he could do.
Therefore, Zhaorong first requested that the crimes of the rebellious party be exposed and punished, but her words were ignored. Zhaorong then asked to resign zhaorong's throne and retire, but Emperor Xian stopped her and did not allow it. Later, ZhaoRong requested to cut the palace as a nun, and the plan ultimately failed. In the end, Zhaorong asked for drinking water to commit suicide, and as a result, he almost lost his life.
Emperor Xian, pitying Zhaorong's talent and ability, was intelligent and firm (the word in this sentence can also be understood as "compassion"), and asked a famous doctor to save Zhaorong's dying life. After several months, ZhaoRong slowly recovered. Zhaorong asked for his demotion to a concubine, and repeatedly asked for permission from the emperor. When the former emperor died, everyone in the world was immersed in grief. At this time, the decree came from the harem, and the Weishu people wanted to mutilate the people. The usurpation of the throne involved the Wei family, and the rebels wanted to subvert Li Tang's Zongmiao Sheji. At this time, Crown Prince Li Longji cautiously plotted a great plan to rebel, ranked among the saints, and used superior wisdom to foil the conspiracy of the rebel party. It neither violates the Mandate of Heaven, but also responds to the wishes of its subjects. At the time of the imminent fall of the country, he saved the foundation of the emperor and stabilized the throne of the emperor in a difficult time. ZhaoRong was in danger, but he was calm. In the palace, he accompanied the rebel party in order to respond internally and hand over his fate to the gods of heaven and earth. When the Great Tribulation struck, he was suddenly killed by the sword and died in the chaos of the coup. He died on December 31, 2012 at the age of 47. Saint Shangmingcha was very sad in his heart, so he issued an edict to bury her and posthumously give her an official position. Princess Taiping was very sad, and gave five hundred silks as a funeral rite, and sent emissaries to sacrifice with hanging, and the sacrifice was very sincere. On August 24 of the first year of the Tang Dynasty, Jie Yu was buried in Hongduyuan, Maodao Township, Xianyang County, Yongzhou, and everything was carried out according to the corresponding etiquette. The dragon turtle gossip and other things that are buried with the burial will be destroyed together with the flower-like appearance of Jie Yu. The musical instruments that are buried with the funeral will also be buried with the bones of Jie yu.
The epitaph reads as follows:
The Shangguan clan is a large family of families, with outstanding merits and a long history, and famous scholars and high-ranking officials. The concubine born to the Shangguan family carries forward the outstanding talents of the family. When she entered the palace, her ability matched the position like a match! This is the first song.
Jie Yu was killed, just like the death of Empress Dowager Yingxian, like the collapse of Wanwei Mountain, like a pearl sinking to the bottom in a whirlpool, like the precious Heshi Bi shattered. Look at the pine and hammer trees in front of Jieyu's grave, and listen to the sound of the pine wind around Jieyu's tomb. Thousands of years, this is the chanting of Jieyu's poetry! This is the second song.
Epitaph text:
In August 2013, Shangguan Wan'er's epitaph was excavated in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, and was recently exhibited to the public in the museum, which is even more amazing to the world. The epitaph, with a total of 982 words, unveils the ups and downs of Shangguan Wan'er's life in the turmoil of the Tang Dynasty a thousand years ago.
And the inscription written by Princess Taiping for her, "XiaoXiang water is broken, and the mountain is tilted." The pearls are folded and folded, and the jade is shattered. Look at the pine hammer and listen to the tomb quietly. Long live the millennium, the sound of pepper flowers. "It's even more beautiful.
Shangguan Wan'er, the granddaughter of Shangguan Yi, the chancellor of emperor Gaozong of Tang, was nominally a talented person of Emperor Gaozong's reign and a worshipper of Zhaorong during emperor Zhongzong's reign, so she was also known as Shangguan Zhaorong.
Photo: Li Longji disposes of Shangguan Wan'er stills
During the reign of Emperor Zhongzong, he was given the title of Zhaorong,
He was in charge of the imperial program, and his power grew day by day, and he left and right the government. Emperor Zhongzong died suddenly, and Li Longji launched the Tang Long Rebellion, and after killing Emperor Zhongzongwei, he supported the restoration of his father Li Dan, and although Shangguan Wan'er drafted Emperor Zhongzong's will and asked for relief, he was still ordered to die by Li Longji.
After Shangguan Wan'er's death, Princess Taiping persuaded Emperor Ruizong (Li Dan) to bury her in Xianyang Hongduyuan, and she was very sad, wrote an inscription, sent someone to hang sacrifices, and paid five hundred silk horses to cure the funeral. After that, Princess Taiping persuaded Tang Ruizong to collect and compile the works of Shangguan Wan'er, and was able to preserve the works of this talented woman.
Shangguan Wan'er, also known as Shangguan Zhaorong, was a female official, poet, and imperial concubine of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Shaan County, Shaanxi (present-day Sanmenxia, Henan), Shangguan Yi's granddaughter, shangguan yi was killed after being convicted and killed, and accompanied her mother Zheng shi to the inner court as a concubine. At the age of fourteen, because of his wisdom and good writing, he was used by Wu Zetian and was in charge of the palace for many years, and he was known as the "Prime Minister".
Shangguan Wan'er's life was full of ups and downs, and she was consistent with Empress Wu and Emperor Zhongzong. His door is noble, but his life is bumpy. During the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, he was given the title of Zhaorong, more powerful, and had a prominent position in the political and literary circles, and from then on, as an imperial concubine, he was in charge of the internal court and the foreign dynasty's government decrees. He once proposed to expand the library and add more bachelors, during which he presided over the elegance and evaluated the poetry of the world on behalf of the imperial court, and for a time the poets collected many of his doors, and the Quan Tang Poetry received thirty-two of his posthumous poems. In 710, King Linzi (i.e., Emperor Xuanzong of Tang) raised an army to launch the Tanglong coup d'état, and was killed at the same time as Empress Wei. In September 2013, archaeologists discovered Shangguan Wan'er's tomb near Xi'an's Xianyang airport.
Xiaobian sighed
In that era, the first emperor of the ages, the only female emperor Wu Zetian, the only female minister, Shangguan Wan'er, and the powerful princess Taiping Princess, gathered together again, and had to sigh, that is really a golden age for women!