【Striving for a new journey to build a new era of merit and great change】
Guangming Daily reporter Chen Chen
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 410,000 production and construction projects have implemented measures for the prevention and control of soil erosion in accordance with the law, avoiding artificially adding 200,000 square kilometers of soil erosion.
In areas under key treatment in the country, soil erosion has been controlled by more than 90%, and the coverage rate of forest and grass vegetation has increased by more than 30%.
"Three days of sunshine, dust on the face, three days of rain, mud all over the fields, water flooded and roasted to what year." Changting, Fujian, was once "famous" for its serious soil erosion, but now good ecology has become a local golden signboard. From the "Flame Mountain" to the "Flower and Fruit Mountain", from the Muddy Water Light Mountain to the Green Water and Green Mountain, Changting, which unremittingly controls soil erosion and writes a green miracle, has contributed a unique scenery to the magnificent picture of beautiful China.
Water is the source of life, soil is the foundation of all things, and water and soil resources are the basic resources for human survival and development. Due to the special natural geographical and historical conditions, the amount of soil erosion on the mainland is large and widespread, which is one of the outstanding problems of the ecological environment. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to the construction of ecological civilization, and the prevention and control of soil erosion on the mainland has entered the fast lane, entering a period of the greatest supervision, the largest investment in governance, and the best prevention and control results, and has achieved remarkable results.
Looking at the vast land of China, whether it is the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River with many slope cultivated lands, or the southwest rocky desertification area where water cannot be stored; whether it is the loess plateau with thousands of gullies and ravines, or the black soil area in the northeast with serious erosion ditches, they are all in the long contest with soil erosion, and the mao mao tong mountain is covered with green clothes, and the greenery of the ditches and beams is staged.
Longli County, Guizhou Province, actively implemented the project of returning farmland to forests, and the picture shows farmers in Longli County picking prickly pear fresh fruit. Xinhua News Agency
The concept leads to the overall improvement of the national soil erosion situation
Flat plots, strong embankments, straight machine ploughing, standardized ditches, dense artificial vegetation... In Yongtai Town, Yanting County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, the construction of the Yulong Small Watershed Comprehensive Treatment Project for Soil Erosion is nearing completion. "In the past, there were no ditches on this hillside, and when there was a drought, water could not be brought in, and when it rained heavily, the flash floods went on a rampage, washing the ground out of shape! This time, soil erosion has been cured, the conditions of fields, forests, and roads have been improved, and there will be more efforts to cultivate land in the future! Liu Lihua, a local villager who participated in the construction at the scene, was deeply touched.
In recent years, Yanting County has practiced the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains" and continuously increased the control of soil erosion. From 1998 to 2021, a total of 382.18 square kilometers of soil erosion was treated, and the area of soil erosion was reduced by 56.21%.
This is just a microcosm. Across the country, the vivid practice of turning barren mountains into oases is constantly staged. Under the guidance of the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", all regions and departments have devoted themselves to soil erosion control with unprecedented determination and strength. Pieces of flat land, tall trees, green mountains, clear rivers, and even inconspicuous grasses have witnessed the efforts and achievements made by the mainland in the control of soil erosion.
At present, the overall situation of soil erosion on the mainland has improved, and a historic change in area has been realized from "increase" to "decrease" and intensity from "high" to "low". The monitoring results of the Ministry of Water Resources show that the area of soil erosion on the mainland has decreased from 3.67 million square kilometers in the 1980s to 2.69 million square kilometers in 2020, and the proportion of soil erosion in the national land area has dropped from 38.48% to 28.15%; the intensity of soil erosion has decreased significantly, and the proportion of strong and above soil erosion area has dropped from 28.16% in the 1980s to 19.48%, and the current continental soil erosion is mainly mild to moderate, accounting for more than 80% of the soil erosion area. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, soil erosion on the mainland has continued to show a trend of "double decline" in area intensity and "double decrease" in water erosion and wind erosion, and the ecological environment has continued to improve.
The concept has changed, the environment has improved, and people's attitudes towards the environment have changed. At a citrus planting base in Hanhu Village, Lingbei Town, Dingnan County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, worker Li Huihuang is busy pruning the branches and leaves of a Maogu citrus tree. "The abandoned mine of the past has become 'Huaguo Mountain', and we have all eaten ecological rice!" Li Huanhuang said.
Through the development of the three-dimensional treatment of "top forest - cashew nut - bottom valley (breeding)", the front and back ditches + ladder wall grass planting + anti-slope terrace agriculture and forestry development and other models, Dingnan has built more than 1,000 planting bases such as navel orange and oil tea, and planted more than 60,000 mu of fruit forests, achieving win-win ecological and economic benefits.
Through the window of Dingnan, we can see that Ganzhou, a red land where soil erosion was extremely serious, is performing the miracle of green development.
Through the window of Ganzhou, we can see that on the splendid land of China, there is an echo of "people do not live up to Qingshan, and Qingshan will certainly not live up to people".
Terraces in the Changchuan River Basin in Maying Town, Tongwei County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. Photo by Ding Shouting/Guangming Pictures
The comprehensive management of key areas with multiple measures has achieved remarkable results
Standing at the top of the mountain, Yan'an, the holy land of revolution, is full of green. As a typical area of soil erosion in the northwest Loess Plateau, the ravines and ravines of Yan'an were once engraved on the Loess Plateau like shocking scars.
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, has solidly carried out the comprehensive treatment of soil erosion such as the protection of the loess plateau in Yan'an, the comprehensive treatment of small watersheds, the construction of silt dams, and the comprehensive improvement of slope cultivated land, and has accumulated 16,300 square kilometers of soil erosion, with a degree of treatment of 56.6%, and the average amount of yellow sediment entered into the city for many years has dropped from the original 258 million tons per year to 0.31 million tons in recent years. The mountains and rivers of Yan'an have achieved a historic change in the main color from "yellow" to "green".
Key areas, key governance. As one of the earliest areas in mainland China to explore soil erosion control, the current proportion of soil erosion area in the loess plateau has dropped from 78.3% to 36.79%, and the coverage rate of forest and grass vegetation has increased by more than 40 percentage points; in Baiquan County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, as of 2020, this typical black soil area has treated nearly 20,000 erosion ditches, and the total area of soil erosion control has reached 1789 square kilometers, and the area and intensity of soil erosion have continued to decline; in 2020, The area of soil erosion in the Danjiangkou reservoir area and upstream in Hubei Province decreased by 1.29% over the previous year...
In 1983, the first key project of soil and water conservation in the mainland, the Eight Pieces Of Key Treatment Project, was launched. After that, the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the wind and sand sources in Beijing and Tianjin, the treatment of slope cultivated land, the dredging dam and the reinforcement of the disease-risk dam have been implemented one after another, and the mainland has formed a technical route with the small watershed as the unit, the combination of engineering, plants and farming measures, and the comprehensive treatment of the village of Shanshui Lintian Road in long-term practice, which has effectively improved the agricultural production and life and the ecological environment.
In recent years, the Ministry of Water Resources has adhered to the governance of the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass systems in accordance with the principle of giving priority to conservation, protection and natural restoration. Taking the small watershed as the unit, focusing on the loess plateau area in the northwest, the black soil area in the northeast, the karst area in the southwest, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Danjiangkou reservoir area and the upstream area, the Three Gorges reservoir area and other areas, according to local conditions, systematic policies, and multiple measures at the same time, the implementation of the national key water and soil conservation project construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a total of 472,000 square kilometers of soil erosion have been treated nationwide, and soil and water conservation measures have reduced soil erosion by an average of 1.6 billion tons per year. In the areas under key treatment in the country, soil erosion has been controlled by more than 90%, and the coverage rate of forest and grass vegetation has increased by more than 30%, which has effectively promoted regional ecological protection and high-quality development, and laid a solid foundation for the construction of a beautiful China.
The supervision of water and soil conservation escorted by the system has been comprehensively strengthened
The control of soil erosion is inseparable from institutional escort.
In 1991, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation was promulgated, and the work of soil and water conservation on the mainland entered the track of supervision according to law. In 2010, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress deliberated and passed the revised Soil and Water Conservation Law, which further strengthened the government's responsibility for soil and water conservation, the legal status of planning, the system of soil and water conservation programs, and the legal responsibility for soil and water conservation. Provinces, prefectures and counties throughout the country have successively promulgated implementation measures or regulations for the Soil and Water Conservation Law, forming a top-down, systematic and complete system of laws and regulations, and soil and water conservation has gradually embarked on the track of comprehensive prevention and control according to law.
The formation and intensification of soil erosion problems are ultimately caused by people's irrational activities and production methods. Only by controlling the anthropogenic increment can the problem of soil erosion be fundamentally solved. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the work of soil erosion conservation on the mainland has adhered to ecological priority and green development, and used the strictest system and the strictest rule of law to protect water and soil resources and prevent soil erosion.
Improve the supervision system - in the past two years, the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of "Decentralization and Management Service" and Comprehensively Strengthening the Supervision and Administration of Soil and Water Conservation", "Measures for the Supervision and Management of Soil and Water Conservation", "List of Rights and Responsibilities for supervision and Management of Soil and Water Conservation" and other policies, as well as more than ten systems such as the identification and accountability of soil and water conservation problems in production and construction projects, credit supervision and monitoring, have formed a set of soil and water conservation supervision systems that are coordinated with the requirements of ecological civilization construction, with the Soil and Water Conservation Law as the core, systematic and pragmatic.
Innovative management methods - the initial formation of "sky to see, ground inspection, full coverage" of remote sensing supervision methods, the discovery and investigation of a large number of previously difficult to find violations of laws and regulations, effectively control the production and construction projects may cause soil erosion, to solve the problem of non-implementation of regulatory responsibilities. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 410,000 production and construction projects have implemented measures for the prevention and control of soil erosion in accordance with the law, effectively preventing soil erosion caused by production and construction, and avoiding artificial increases of 200,000 square kilometers.
Strict supervision and law enforcement - In recent years, the Ministry of Water Resources has organized special actions for the supervision and law enforcement of soil and water conservation in production and construction projects in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, special rectification of water and soil conservation in production and construction projects in the Yellow River Basin, strictly investigated and dealt with violations of laws and regulations, and publicly exposed and listed supervision of serious problems and refusal to rectify. Comprehensively advance credit supervision, publicly implement joint disciplinary action on the national water conservancy construction market supervision platform, forming a strong deterrent, and the number and scope of illegal and illegal projects in water and soil conservation are showing a downward trend year by year.
Dripping water through the stone, for a long time. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Water Resources said that it will continue to comprehensively strengthen the supervision of soil and water conservation in accordance with the law and scientifically promote the comprehensive treatment of soil erosion. Across the country, soil erosion control is still ongoing. In exchange for green mountains and rivers, the magnificent picture of beautiful China has become more and more vivid.
Guangming Daily ( 2022-05-19 05 edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily