Electric vehicles are not enough for Shanhaiguan, because 600 kilometers cannot withstand the bitter cold of winter. Don't dare to open the warm air in the winter, and dare not open the cold air in the summer, this is because the electric car damn false standard, you have no idea how far the remaining 100KM power can last.
On the other hand, there are various fancy endurance marketing of car companies: how many discounts should be discounted for the WLTP and CLTC working conditions that cannot be understood, how many points should be discounted for low temperature endurance and challenge minus 30 degrees of credibility, what is the wind resistance coefficient in capital letters, how to choose a car in the end, and users are also very messy.
New energy vehicles have entered the Chinese market for more than ten years, but the anxiety about the user's endurance has not stopped. In fact, these anxieties are not because the battery life of electric vehicles really cannot meet the needs of users' cars, but that users can't see the battery life of fresh cars, just like the instant noodles in advertising, what you eat is never the same as on TV.
The correct way to open the battery life standard
Open the Weilai App, the new car ET5 shows CLTC battery life, and the ES8 shows NEDC battery life. Nowadays, many new cars on the market, such as the newly listed zero-run C01, are directly advertised as CLCT endurance of 717KM.
Now after many models of OTA, the dashboard originally only showed NEDC battery life, became WLTP battery life.
Why did the new car endurance publicity change from NEDC to CLTC, and there are two kinds of NEDC and WLTP on the dashboard?
If you look up the internet, there are various standards for the battery life of new cars, and these are all a common name for users:
Not real battery life.New car endurance, there are standard CLTC conditions, there are also NEDC endurance, the test is used in the WLTP conditions, in the end which is closer to the real endurance?
Before July 2021, NEDC was also the mainland's standard for assessing the mileage of electric vehicles, and with the update of the mandatory national standard (GB19578-2021) of the "Fuel Consumption Limits for Passenger Cars" formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, WLTC replaced NEDC.
WLTC, also known as the global light vehicle test cycle, NEDC is the new standard European test cycle.
NEDC has always been the mainland's standard for motor vehicle fuel consumption and electric vehicle mileage, compared with WLTC, NEDC's test scenario is more ideal.
For example, NEDC's test environment is to put the electric vehicle on the experimental bench, turn off the air conditioning, headlights, audio and other energy-consuming configurations, simulate 4 urban conditions and 1 suburban working conditions for testing, and the temperature during the test is set at 20 °C ~ 30 °C.
This test environment is almost out of touch with our everyday car environment. The temperature is suitable, do not turn on the air conditioner, do not listen to music, not to mention the impact on battery energy consumption in high or low temperature environments, so an electric vehicle with a NEDC endurance of 500KM is actually driving at the level of 350KM, which is not surprising.
In comparison, the WLTC test environment is closer to the daily use environment of the owner, for example, in the simulated working conditions, including urban (low speed), suburban (medium speed), rural (high speed) and highway (super high speed) 4 different working conditions, corresponding to the maximum speed of 56.5KM/h, 76.6KM/h, 97.4KM/h and 131.3KM/h, the corresponding single cycle time is longer, and different operations such as parking, braking, and sharp acceleration are set.
At the same time, compared to the NEDC fixed gear, the WLTP uses a non-fixed mode of gear change, changing different drivers to simulate the real situation. External temperature, car quality, gear status, rolling resistance, load, acceleration and deceleration and other factors have been included in the assessment system.
In addition to NEDC and WLTP, which involve the change of the evaluation standard, in fact, in the mainland, China Automobile Research Institute also combined with the actual situation in China, designed the CLTC working conditions, that is, the Test Cycle of China's light vehicles, and made some improvements to China's road conditions in some test conditions, such as the speed limit of the mainland expressway is 120 km / h, clTC will be lower than the NEDC and WLTP in the test speed limit.
From the perspective of the harsh index of the test, CLTC > WLTP > NEDC, of course, is also relative.
CLTC from the name to know, is a standard adapted to local conditions, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology previously issued the "Notice on 2021 Annual Double Integral Accounting Related Matters" said that pure electric passenger cars, manufacturers can choose NEDC conditions or CLTC conditions to determine the power consumption and pure electric mileage. Therefore, since October last year, many new cars have switched to CLTC service life.
However, many users find that after switching to the new battery life standard, the endurance of the same car seems to be longer.
The Model 3 originally labeled NEDC has a range of 605KM, which becomes 675KM after reaching CLTC. The designer, China Automobile Research Institute, explained that this is because CLTC frequently accelerates and decelerates in the test, which is in line with the actual stop-and-go situation in China. More frequent acceleration and deceleration is very conducive to improving endurance for electric vehicles with kinetic energy recovery and higher efficiency.
This increase in battery life may represent a technological advancement, but for users, it is actually confusing.
There is also a simple way to judge, if you choose a new car, the first choice is CLTC, WLTP is the highest.
However, this is only a theoretical reference to true endurance. It is much more complicated if combined with the actual situation. After all, no matter what the car is, the test content under the same standard is the same. But in fact, each car has the unique driving characteristics of the driver, has its own driving environment, and many factors are outside the standard.
In the user's view, whether it is NEDC, WLTC, or CLTC, the official endurance standards of various calibers are actually higher than the real mileage of pure electric vehicles, which is also the root cause of the endurance anxiety of new energy owners and potential owners.
Exactly which factors affect the battery life
Although various endurance standards provide a certain reference basis, in fact, many car owners ignore that due to the different cities and environments used, the use of new energy vehicles is sub-scenario. The performance of the same model in different use environments is also different.
Recently, The Auto Emperor and General Technology China Auto Research Institute launched the industry's first new energy vehicle owner endurance query function, covering 33 cities and dozens of popular new energy brand models across the country.
These sample data are based on cities with high insurance coverage, covering the mainstream electric vehicle models on the market, from A00 (micro), A0 (small) to C (medium and large) and other levels. There are not only the popular Wuling Hongguang Mini EV, Tesla Model Y, Tesla Model 3, as well as BYD, Weilai, Xiaopeng models, but also volkswagen ID. series, BMW, Mercedes-Benz electric models.
Based on this, they also published a range analysis report, and we can see some interesting conclusions:
Temperature is the main factor affecting the credibility of actual mileage performance.In May, the regions in the north and south were the least affected by the temperature, and the average mileage of the vehicle reached the highest confidence level of the year.
In July, the national heat was generally high, and the mileage credibility of northern cities was better, similarly, in the cold winter of January, the mileage credibility of Shenyang and Beijing was only 60%.
In the survey, the company selected Beijing 1, 5 and 7 months, and compared and analyzed 22 pure electric vehicle models and found that the A00-class sedan had better endurance performance, of which chery Ant's mileage credibility in the three months of 1, 5 and 6 months reached 82%, 98.8% and 97.8% respectively. At the same time, the larger the model, the lower the credibility of the mileage.
That is to say, the larger the weight of the car, the greater the rolling resistance, and the higher the energy consumption of the vehicle, which will significantly affect the endurance.
But
The service life of the vehicle, on the contrary, has little impact on the credibility of the vehicle's mileage.In the report, the average actual mileage credibility report of different mileage segment models in Beijing in February 2022 will find that with the increase of the mileage band, the actual mileage of most sample vehicles has not decayed, and the actual mileage credibility of models such as AionS, BYDHan EV, Geometry A, ANDI ES8 and other models has also increased.
This may go against the common sense of our daily cognition. Many people will use the analogy of mobile phones, in general, our smartphones will be used for a year or two, and the standby time will become shorter and shorter.
On the one hand, the report shows the driving data within 60,000 kilometers, generally speaking, the driving of 60,000 kilometers is not enough to make the power battery reach a high attenuation speed, and the impact on daily use is not large. On the other hand, this may also show that the battery decay rate is actually far less than the impact of different use environments on battery life.
In fact, the same model, different use environment, the endurance results are very different.
The same is the Xiaopeng P7, knowing that the last Hangzhou car owner used the NEDC endurance 670KM model, in the winter air conditioning environment, the real endurance of the test is only 270KM. A Chongqing Xiaopeng P7 owner uses a NEDC endurance 480KM model, in the winter without air conditioning, and often climb the hill in the driving environment, the winter endurance reached 310-330KM.
Although both owners are used data in winter, because of the different winter temperatures in different regions, different terrain environments, and different driving habits that we can't see, they may lead to different real endurance results.
That is to say, the factors that affect the real endurance are multifaceted. The report mentions temperature, terrain, and vehicle usage factors, such as mileage, driving habits, etc. At the same time, in the model dimension, in addition to the more obvious maintenance quality, there are factors such as body shape, which have a practical impact on the endurance.
Now many new cars will show the wind resistance coefficient, more and more domestic and foreign car manufacturers are making great efforts in aerodynamics. The smaller the wind resistance coefficient, which means that when driving at high speeds, the less work the vehicle does to combat wind resistance, thereby reducing energy consumption and achieving longer cruising range.
For example, the Current Mercedes-Benz EQS with the lowest wind resistance coefficient is only 0.20Cd, and many new domestic cars, such as Weilai ET7, Zhiji L7, etc., have a relatively low drag coefficient. The lower wind resistance coefficient will make its endurance performance more prominent in the same class.
How to become a rational electric vehicle owner
There are so many factors that affect the real endurance, so how should we wring out the moisture in it?
Regarding the real endurance, in fact, there are some reviews that help users filter the real battery life. The mileage of new energy car owners released by The Car Emperor and the China Automobile Research Institute is this type.
On the model page of the Car Emperor App, there will be real endurance data including the owner's endurance, summer measurement, and winter measurement, of which different endurance versions of each model contain measured data.
Taking the official 506KM endurance version of BYDHan EV as an example, it can be seen on the owner's endurance page that the data of the owner's use evaluation in March was 398KM, and the endurance achievement rate was 78.66%. At the same time, it also contains the trend of endurance data within 10,000 kilometers. With the continuous update of the owner data, more mileage data of more models will also be updated.
Car owners can also view practical information about charging intervals based on their average daily mileage. In addition, there is also the endurance achievement rate of other models in the same class as a reference.
These real battery life data, for potential electric vehicle users, can be combined with their daily use needs, more intuitive to choose a car, rather than confused in a variety of unintelligible endurance standards.
For example, car owners who are in the north and do not have charging piles can choose models with higher real endurance. Car owners who have a short daily commuting distance do not have to panic too much about the endurance of A00 and A0.
Over the years, in addition to the improvement of battery technology, OEMs are also committed to various ways to alleviate battery life anxiety.
For example, the power exchange network of Weilai layout, the 400V overcharge technology ideally explored, and the increasing density of charging networks, the continuous advancement of technology and charging infrastructure environment will make people more and more tolerant of battery life.
In fact, after seeing the "true face" of electric vehicles, the so-called anxiety will be alleviated.