Speaking of "Qingmei boiled wine", the first thing that people think of is probably the bridge section between Cao Cao and Liu Bei Qingmei boiling wine in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". In fact, "Ome boiled wine" was impossible to appear in the Three Kingdoms period, which was Luo Guanzhong's creative "mistake". So why is that?
First, "green plum boiled wine" appeared in the Song Dynasty
The term "ome boiled wine" appeared later and first appeared in the Song Dynasty. For example, Yan Shu's "Appeal to Heartfelt Feelings" word cloud: "When Qingmei boils wine buckets, it is new, and the weather wants to be cruel." Su Shi's "Gifting Plums on the Ridge" Yun: "Don't take advantage of the green plum to taste the boiled wine, you have to see the drizzle of cooked yellow plums." With the wide circulation of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Ome Boiled Wine" is widely known. The original text is as follows:
Cao Yue: "It is appropriate to see the plums on the branches and green, and suddenly feel that when I signed Zhang Embroidery last year, there was a shortage of water on the road, and the soldiers were thirsty." I had a plan in my mind, and I pointed out with a whip: 'There is Merlin in front of me.' When the sergeant smells it, his mouth spits, and he is not thirsty. Seeing this plum now, it is indispensable to appreciate it, and it is worth cooking wine, so I invite Jun Xiaoting for a while. "Xuande's mind is fixed. With the small pavilion, there have been set up bottles, plates of green plums, a bottle of boiled wine. The two sat facing each other and drank freely.
Ome boiled wine on heroes
There are three interpretations of "ome boiled wine": one is the method of boiling wine mentioned in the "Ciyuan"; the second is the drinking and feasting activities mentioned in the "Chinese Dictionary" with ome as the accompaniment to the wine; and the third is the brewing of wine with the actual use of ome. But from the original text, it is clear that the second explanation is closer.
The reason why "ome boiled wine" is a method of boiling wine may be because people use "boiling" as a verb, that is, using ome to cook wine. However, if it is the method of boiling wine, plums and boiling wine cannot be said separately. But in fact, the ancients often said it separately, which also shows that "green plum boiled wine" is two things. From the perspective of Yan Shu's "Appeal to Heartfelt Feelings" "When the green plum is boiling wine bucket, the weather is cruel", "bucket" is the meaning of competition and competition, and only two or more things will "fight".
Plums with wine
2. What is boiling wine?
Green plum is a very common fruit tree, but it is worth discussing "boiling wine". The Hanyu Da Dictionary is right to think of "boiling wine" as a word, but it is inappropriate to interpret it as "warm wine", because "boiling" itself does not mean "warm".
In fact, "boiled wine" should be a noun, referring to a kind of shochu, especially rice wine. First of all, in terms of part of speech, "boiled" and "burned" have similar meanings. Secondly, from the production process, the ancient wine is a grain wine fermented with boiled rice and the mother of wine, and there is a boiling process in the middle. Before the popularization of distilled liquor in the Ming Dynasty, people drank rice wine and rice wine made from grain, and the degree was low. Therefore, even if it is boiling wine, Cao Cao is not cooking the current liquor, but rice wine or rice wine. "Boiling" is not boiling, but the meaning of heating. Among the poems about boiling wine, Lu You, a Shaoxing person, wrote the most, and Shaoxing yellow wine is famous throughout the country, which also provides a circumstantial evidence that boiled wine is yellow wine.
Shaoxing rice wine
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a long historical novel re-created by Mingren Luo Guanzhong on the basis of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", in order to better shape the character image and enhance the appeal of the text, he has added a lot of new content according to real life. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, hot wine and drinking became a unique food culture, on the one hand, because the wine at this time was distilled wine, the degree was higher, on the other hand, people's understanding of wine was more profound, they realized that drinking would harm the body, "living in peace must not be angry, shouting, hard, drinking until drunk, and for the great harm", drinking cold wine in autumn and winter is not conducive to health. "Dream of the Red Chamber" describes this in detail:
Here Baoyu said, "There is no need to be warm, I only love to eat cold." Aunt Xue said busily: "This can not be done, eat cold wine, writing to tremble." Bao Chao smiled and said, "Brother Bao, thanks to the daily miscellaneous school you receive, don't you know that the wine is the hottest, and if you eat it hot, it will spread out quickly; if you eat it cold, you will condense it inside, and warm him with the five internal organs, won't you be harmed?" Don't eat that cold wine anymore. Bao Yu heard that this was reasonable, so he put down the cold wine and ordered the warm party to drink.
The drinking scene in Dream of the Red Chamber
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, And Biography of the Ancestors, Cao Cao and Liu Bei did not say that when talking about heroes, they did not boil wine and appreciate plums, and Qiyun:
It was when Cao Gong calmly said to the lord: "Today's heroes are only kings and ears." The original disciples, not enough numbers also. "Eat first, lose the dagger."
Cao and Liu were just talking about the heroes of the world at dinner. The historical records can be simple, and if this way of writing is also adopted in literary works, it will be less attractive and readable to the reader. It is logical that Luo Guanzhong added the custom of drinking hot wine to the novel, making the novel more vivid and rich. In addition, in the fifth "Wenjiu Chopping Huaxiong" in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the custom of "boiling wine" is also involved.
In the Han Dynasty, drinking was very popular, and in some periods men and women could feast and drink together, such as Yingbu's concubines were invited to drink in male doctors' homes, and Song, the mother of Ba County, moved to the neighbor's Anu family to attend banquets. By the end of the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, drinking was even more abundant. Cao Cao wrote in the "Short Song Line": "How to relieve worries, only Du Kang"; Cao Pi said in the "Classic Commentary on Wine", Liu Biao "set up a large needle at the end of the staff when inviting guests, and those who are drunk and sleeping, stab them, and test their drunken awakening". However, there was no custom of hot wine at this time. In general, the plot of Cao Cao Liu Bei's cooking of wine in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms reflects the drinking customs of the Ming Dynasty.
3. How are plums and boiled wine connected?
Ome and boiled wine are two kinds of things, so why did the ancients often combine the two and eventually form the widely circulated term "ome boiled wine"?
First of all, look at the seasons. The late spring season is both the day when the plums ripen and the time when the wine is newly cooked. The plum tastes sour and bitter, but after chewing it carefully, it has a sweet taste. Moreover, there were no other fruits to taste during this period. For example, Shu Yuexiang's "One Day of Heavy Rain in early April, Xinji EvenCheng" said: "After the green plum becomes a few good fruits, there are no good vegetables when the bitter thorns come out." "That being the case, it's not surprising that people use plum wine. However, after all, green plums are not as good as other fruits, and they are more sour, so they should not be eaten more. When using ome to recommend wine, drinking alcohol is the main thing, and eating ome is secondary. Therefore, Song Renfang hui said in the "Ten Recent Songs of Miscellaneous Books in the Early Summer After Illness": "A little green plum poured out wine, and the heart was awake and drunk. ”
However, when people drink alcohol, they do not eat green plums directly, but use green plums dipped in salt or mixed with sugar. Sometimes lotus root and bamboo shoots are also used as appetizers along with green plums. For example, Lu You's "Village Residence Early Summer" Yun: "The time for boiling wine is long, and the mountain family answers the year with the answer." Mei Qingqiao with Wu salt white, bamboo shoot beauty is more suitable for Shu soy incense. ”
Green plum dipped in salt
In addition, from the perspective of the efficacy of ome, ome can consume alcohol. For example, the "Plum" article of volume 29 of the "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "To eliminate alcohol and poison, people must sleep." "Raw, thirsty, clear, breathless, drunk." Therefore, the ancients often ate plums when drinking alcohol. This is expressed in many poems, such as Bao Zhao's "Dai Elegy" "Reminiscing about the past good drinking, vegetarian plate into the green plum", and Sima Guang's poem "Hand picking green plum for the sake of wine, why do you need a cup and plate", which is about the situation of the green plum with wine.
Finally, Ome boiled wine is a noble way of life, representing leisure and ease, so it is quite popular with literati and scholars. For example, the Song Dynasty's land tour "Leap February 20th Day Tour west lake": "It is like Wu Cao lightly asking for each other, and the wine and dishes are not premeditated." Green plum bitter bamboo shoots to help the reward, the image is simple enough to float. "It's about a simple, elegant life. Some people also imagine ome boiled wine as a day for the gods.
greengage
Wen Shijun said
Ome is connected to boiled wine and has a rich cultural connotation. Cao Cao and Liu Bei are heroes created by the times, when they talk about heroes in the world, no wine is not enough to show the heroism of heroic characters, and not to talk about heroes with green plum boiled wine is not enough to portray the ordinary and extraordinary of heroic characters. It can be said that Ome Boiled Wine sets a special situation for the hero, which is a special complex of the literati. Because of this, Luo Guanzhong wrote Ome boiled wine into the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and thus became a classic in the history of literature.
bibliography
Xu Hongquan: "Interpretation of "Qingmei Boiled Wine"", Journal of Southwest Normal University, No. 1, 2001.
Lin Yan: "On "Qingmei Boiled Wine"", Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007 Supplement.
Bai Xiaotian: "The Distinction of "Boiling Wine" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Huaxia Culture, No. 3, 2009.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Wei Swift)
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