Huang Kequan
(Taiwanese novelist, president of the Chinese Golden Gate PEN Association)
This article was published in The April 2022 issue of Taiwan's Observation magazine
"Not thin today's people love the ancients" canonizes the great realist poet Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty," and the original poem only recorded the last two poems as follows:
Not thin today's people love the ancients, and clear words and beautiful sentences will be neighbors. Stealing Song Yifang's driving, fearing that he would follow in Qi Liang's footsteps
Do not doubt that the predecessors have not yet reached the sages, and hand over to the ancestors to repeat who is the first. Don't cut the pseudo-style pro-style elegant, turn to the yiduo division is the Ru master
Du Fu's six seven-sentence poems, the first three of which comment on poets, and the last three on the purpose of poetry, are a summary of his practical experience in poetic texts. "Not thin to the present people to love the ancients" in literary rhetoric should belong to the "intertext", and people in ancient and modern times must be "not thin", and they all have the meaning of "love".
I wrote this article with feeling, because one year before, I met Lin Degong, secretary general of the Kinmen County Government, at a party, he was in a good mood that day, and suddenly asked me who was the most learned person among the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties? I thought about it and replied that he was Wang Anshi. Secretary General Lin agreed with me and deeply felt that his comments were "not lonely" and "my heart is related".
According to the ancients, the three immortals, Wang Anshi's Lide, Liyan, and Meritorious Service, among the eight people of the Tang and Song Dynasties, can be called the best. Li De, such as Wang Anshi, successively served as Yangzhou Signing Judgment, Yin County Zhi County, Shuzhou TongJu and other positions, with remarkable political achievements and benefiting Li Min. Meritorious those who made meritorious deeds, such as Xi Ning, were promoted to the position of governor of Song Shenzong in the second year, and the following year they worshipped the chancellor and presided over the change of law. He was given the title of Taifu (太傅) and King Shu (太傅) and the title of "Wen"(文), and was known as Wang Wengong (王文公). Li Yan, such as his study of scriptures, wrote books and lidications, and created the "Jinggong New Learning" to promote the formation of the Song Dynasty's style of doubtful classics and ancient studies. Philosophically, he used the Five Elements Theory to expound on the formation of the universe, enriching and developing the ancient Chinese naïve materialist thought; his philosophical propositions were divided from the old and the new, pushing the ancient Chinese dialectics to a new height. His prose is concise and sharp, with clear arguments and strict logic, ranking among the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties; the poetic style is subtle and deep, deep and unhurried, and it has become its own family in the northern Song Dynasty poetry circle with the style of fengshen and distant rhyme, and is known as Wang Jinggong. Zeng Gong's evaluation of Wang Anshi was: "Gong's friends have Wang Anshi, whose literature is very ancient, and whose text is called his text."
Wang Anshi's historically mixed reputation is political. Overseas, he has a prominent reputation, that is, lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union, mentioned in the "Revision of the Workers' Party's Agrarian Program" that Wang Anshi was a reformer in China in the eleventh century, and the implementation of land nationalization was not successful... The Jesuit and French sinologist Duhede's book The Complete Chronicle of the Chinese Empire introduced Wang Anshi to Europe. The French missionary Guberta's "Chronicle of the Chinese Empire" equates Wang Anshi's proposition with the socialist trend in France at that time: "In the 11th century AD, the Chinese living in the Song Dynasty staged a magnificent movement, which was relatively close to what was later seen in Europe, especially in France."
In China, politically, there are many people who oppose the law change, and those who approve of the change of the law are few. In addition to Fu Bi, Su Xun, Su Rui, Zheng Xia, Sima Guang, and others all had a negative attitude toward Wang Anshi.
Wang Anshi and Fu Bi's most famous argument was about the theory of natural change, Wang Anshi advocated that heavenly change was not enough to fear, and Fu Bi denied his claim.
Later, Liang Qichao wrote a volume of "Commentary on Wang Anshi", which was unfair to Song Shi Song Ru's slander and slander of Wang Anshi, and overturned the case for him. However, Liang Qichao's appraisal was based on the use of Wang Jinggong's political skills.
There is a chapter in Liang Qichao's article that lists Wang Anshi's employment and friendship, but there is one point that Liang Qichao has not commented on, that is, Wang Anshi's affection for his friends Wuling (Wang Lingzi Fengyuan) during his cold period shows a rare and precious glow of human nature.
Wang Ling died young. From the text included in the "Complete Works of Wang Linchuan", it can be proved that Wang Anshi is full of lifelong admiration for this poor talent. Before his death, the two discussed each other' studies, and Wang Anshi and filled the iceman for his power. When Wang Ling died, Wang Anshi wrote an epitaph for him, wrote epitaphs, constantly wrote poems and lyrics to mourn him, and in his letters to others, he often lamented that this close friend's Huai Cai did not meet and died young. He has seven laws ,Si Wang Fengyuan Three Songs," and the verses are very sad, such as "Xingzang has promised to live together for life, and if he knows the halfway points of life and death, he is afraid that there is no magic in the world, and the end of his nose will henceforth be waved." "Chen Ji was pitiful and casual, and he wanted to have no more joy than at that time."
Why did Wang Anshi attach so much importance to the friendship of Wang Fengyuan, who had forgotten his friendship? First, Wang Anshi's friendship was originally few, and the other was that "poor friendship can last for a long time", and the interaction between the two was when Wang Anshi had not yet gained political prominence, and in the year of Wang Fengyuan's death, Wang Anshi mentioned that Jiangdong Prison was not yet a nobleman. Liang Qichao said that Wang Fengyuan was the first friend of Jing Gong's life, and Wang Fengyuan's festival shou was especially respected by Wang Anshi. The death of his best friend brought him infinite pain. He saw his own figure in his friend's body, so this wound was also a self-inflicted wound.
After talking about the ancients, let's talk about Gong Pengcheng, a man of great differences today.
Gong Pengcheng was born in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, and was born in Taipei, Taiwan. He has served as president of Fo Guang University and the University of South China in Taiwan, president of Eurasia University in Luxembourg, Malaysia Campus, traveled to Chinese mainland, served as the director of the Cultural Resources Research Center of Peking University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nanjing University, Chinese University, Hong Kong Baptist University and other universities, Distinguished Professor of Beijing Normal University, Chair Professor of Sichuan University, Full-time Chair Professor of Shandong University and other teaching positions. Previously, he served as the President of the Cross-Strait Liang Shiqiu Research Association in Taiwan, the Chairman of the Contemporary Thought Research Society, the Chairman of the Chinese Classical Literature Research Association, the Director of the London Institute of Lifelong Education, and the Chairman of the Cross-Strait Cultural Integration Association. His works include "Jiangxi Poetry Society Sectarian Studies", "National History Mirror Yuan: Epoch-making Documents Changing China", "Chinese Novel History Series", "Literature and Aesthetics", "History of Chinese Literary Criticism", "TheOry of Poetry And Mysterious Enlightenment", "History of Chinese Literature, Volume II", "Cultural Literature and Aesthetics", "Vision of Literary Criticism", "History of Chinese Literature", "Gong Pengcheng Narrative", etc. More than 100 kinds.
Gong Pengcheng, the former president of Fo Guang University, who was always a Tang Dynasty raid, or should use the traditional Chinese "scholar" vision to "see the micro-knowledge" of his people and his articles famous mountain cause. However, it may be possible to borrow a more modern word, that is, "humanism", to show one of his most representative qualities and images.
Humanism, as former Oxford Vice-Chancellor Alan Bullock put it, is a broad tendency, a dimension of thought and belief, an ongoing debate. Gong Pengcheng's scholarly writings are rare in the academic circles of the late Chinese, and what he shows is not so much profound as extensive.
When Guo Shaoyu's "New Treatise on Chinese Literary Criticism" discusses Zhang Xuecheng, a major scholar of literary history in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, he borrowed his own family letter to say that he was: "A gentleman learns to maintain the world, and it is not appropriate to take the atmosphere as the most important." It is said that at that time, people were divided into three families, namely, righteousness, and literature, and Zhang Xuecheng wanted to destroy the three families as the domain.
It is also appropriate to transfer Guo Shaoyu's words about Zhang Xuecheng to Gong Pengcheng. (Of course, some contemporary scholars do not call Xu Zhangshi's learning in this way, that is, Yu Yingshi, who passed away, said in the book "On Dai Zhen and Zhang Xuecheng": "Dongyuan (Dai Zhen) never took Shi Zhai in his eyes.") But then again, this is because of the statement that Dai and Zhang Ershi are inferior, and even so, Yu Yingshi cannot but admit that Dai and Zhang are two peaks in the history of academic thought in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. ）
In addition to his academic career, Gong Pengcheng also worked as an administrative worker in Shushi, traversing the head of the school department, the director, the dean, the director of the Cultural and Educational Department of the Executive Yuan, the president and other complicated positions. In this case, he was still able to write tens of millions of words of scholarly works.
I used to think to him, "Why do you have to do administrative work?" "If he had focused on academic research, his achievements would have been many times more astonishing than they are now?" Recently, I read Zhang Xuecheng's "Literature and History Of General Meaning." The Book of the Original Path quotes Mencius as saying, "Righteousness pleases my heart, and Judas fist delights my mouth" to illustrate that righteousness cannot be spoken in vain. Zhang Xuecheng is based on this theory of righteousness, erudition, and articles must be unified, not partial, I think of Gong Pengcheng with academic, practical two unity, not high, silently in the academic ivory tower, its reason is not so, right?
Since his retirement as a teacher, Gong Pengcheng has frequently traveled between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and Southeast Asia, hosted academic seminars between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Malaysia and other places, and made outstanding contributions to the overall exchange of Chinese culture.
Gong Pengcheng
Gong Pengcheng, born in Taipei in 1956, ph.D. of National Taiwan Normal University, is a famous contemporary scholar and thinker. More than one hundred and fifty books have been published.
It has universities, publishing houses, magazines, colleges, etc., and plans urban construction, theme parks and other places. Lectures are given all over the world. He has also held calligraphy exhibitions in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Taipei, Paris, Japan, Macao and other places. He is currently the Chairman of the Gong Pengcheng Foundation.