On February 21, 1936, under the leadership of the founding general Comrade Ulanf and other Chinese Communists of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries. The outbreak of the Bailing Temple Rebellion in the Darkhan grassland of Inner Mongolia, which shocked China and foreign countries, was a just struggle against the joint exploitation and oppression of the feudal lords in collusion with Japanese imperialism and domestic bourgeois reactionaries. There were more than a thousand people in the security team of the Mongolian Political Council at the Bailing Temple, and under the leadership of Yun Jixian, chief of the second section of the Mongolian Political Council, Zhu Shifu, chief of the third section, and YunWei, the instructor of the security team, they announced that they would break away from the Mongolian Political Council led by Demu Chuk Donglupu, that is, the Mongolian Political Council led by the reactionary surrender faction of King De, and join the ranks of the anti-Japanese resistance. This grassland rebellion led by the Communists fired the first shot of the armed resistance of the Mongol nation in Inner Mongolia, and his significance was extremely far-reaching. It not only dealt a blow to the arrogant aggressive arrogance of Japanese imperialism, but also delayed the process of the Japanese aggressors' invasion of the whole of China to the west, and also demonstrated the determination of the Chinese Mongol people to resolutely oppose the Japanese imperialist aggression against China and strive for national independence and liberation.
Founding General Ulanf
Born in 1902 and died in 1966, dewang was given the full name prince Demuchuk Donglupu. A feudal prince of Inner Mongolia, he plotted the independence of Inner Mongolia in an attempt to split China. He was a member of the Right Banner of sunit of the Xilin Gol League in the Chahar region, and in 1908 he inherited the title of prince of Zasak Dorodul County. In 1913, the Beiyang government was conferred the title of Prince of Zasak and Shuo Dulin. In 1919, he took charge of the flag administration. In 1936, the German king became the vice chairman of the Chahar Mongolian Council, and on February 10, with the support of Japanese imperialism, he established the Mongolian military government as commander-in-chief and president, willing to act as a puppet of the Japanese imperialist aggressors. After the July 7 Incident in 1937, the Japanese imperialist invaders soon took control of Chinese territory in North China and Inner Mongolia, and on October 17, 1936, the Japanese army occupied Baotou. Dewang, Li Shouxin, and others defected to the Japanese, served as agents of the puppet regime in Mongolia, betrayed their compatriots, and betrayed the motherland.
King of Virtue
The Lark Temple Riots took place during the period when King Tokugawa defected to the Japanese. In April 1934, the reactionary feudal lords represented by King De established the "Mongolian Political Association" at the Inner Mongolia Bailing Temple and began to organize mongolian local security teams. In the autumn of 1935, the number of security guards grew to more than a thousand. During this period, in order to detect the internal intelligence of the Mongolian Political Council, the Kuomintang "Blue Jacket Society" secret service organization formed the "Inner Mongolia Tour Group" to carry out investigation activities in the area of the Lark Temple. The Kuomintang government repeatedly sent personnel to the Lark Temple to buy king De for its use; At the same time, Japanese spy organizations, espionage leaders led by Nakajima Wanzang, and others were also active in the Lark Temple area. The Lark Temple in the northern part of Suiyuan Province became a place of contention for a time, and a large number of spies of the Japanese and pseudo-Kuomintang reactionaries operated here to sabotage it.
In order to expose the conspiracies and tricks of the Japanese imperialist aggressors, unite and win over this security force, and urge them to abandon the dark and turn to the light at an early date, the Communist Party of China Simon Appointed Communist Party members Zhu Shifu, Yun Qing, Zhao Cheng, and others to break into the security force and begin to engage in underground propaganda and agitation work. CPC members Ulan Fu, Kui Bi, Li Sen, and other comrades also went to the Bailing Temple to carry out underground work to understand the situation, pass on information, and discuss countermeasures. At the turn of the autumn and winter of 1935, the good news of the Long March of the Central Red Army reaching northern Shaanxi reached the Lark Temple. Yun Qing, Zhao Cheng, and other Communist Party members, as well as YunWei and other backbone activists outside the Party, twice held secret meetings on the eastern slope of the Bailing Temple to discuss such important matters as whether they could quickly launch a riot, form a "Red Army Response Team," eliminate the reactionary forces of the German King, and promote the Mongolian Political Council to become an anti-Japanese institution.
In late January 1936, Yun Jixian, Zhu Shifu and others returned to Tumut to report the local situation to Comrade Ulanf and jointly discuss countermeasures. The two met with General Fu Zuoyi at the same time. After fu Zuoyi heard about their plans to hold a military uprising, he expressed full support on the spot and determined the time of the riot.
On February 18, 1936, the twenty-sixth day of the first lunar month, Yun Xuxian and Zhu Shifu returned to the Lark Temple. At this time, the Mongolian political council personnel of the Lark Temple had learned that on February 12, the German king established the so-called "Pseudo-Mongol Army General Headquarters" in the right banner of Sunit, appointed himself commander-in-chief, and set up a Japanese advisory department, and began to change the yuan and change the banner, and his treasonous plot to surrender to Japan had been translated into action. Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu saw that the situation was very urgent, and immediately went to consult with Yunwei, who had been staying in the Bailing Temple during the Spring Festival, and finally decided that the specific deployment of the riot would be made by the three of them.
According to the plan, the riots are scheduled to begin at 23:30 on February 22. On the 21st, Yunwei found that the enemy's abnormal dynamics may be aware, and after the three people consulted again, in order to prevent the occurrence of complications, it was decided to advance the time of the riot by one day. At 23:30 that night, the Lark Temple Riot was officially launched. Yun Wei grabbed a pistol for herself. It was also he who fired the first shot of the riot, killing Li Fengcheng, the reactionary and recalcitrant director of the Mongolian Political Council's inspection office. Yun Wei led a brigade of recruits with little weaponry and equipment, defeated the guards of the "robe team", opened the armory, and smashed the radio. Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu rushed to Nanka at the Lark Temple as planned, and persuaded a squadron leader stationed there to lead his troops out of the Mongolian Council.
The organizers of the riot decided in advance to pull the party out of the Bailing Temple and move to Hetao in order to get in touch with the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. After the success of the riot, the team met at Nanyingpan and evacuated the Lark Temple, and Bao Daoxin, who heard the wind and fled when the riot occurred, gathered the "robe team" after the riot team was evacuated, dispatched cavalry and cars, and pursued the riot team. They exchanged fire with the rebels in The Black Sand, but were quickly repulsed. The rebels captured many weapons and almost emptied the armory of the Council. In order to bring more guns, some soldiers threw away their coats, and some soldiers took off their pants and put bullets on their shoulders. However, with regard to the twenty thousand yuan or so of silver that remained in the treasury of the Mongolian Political Association, everyone did not take anything, and the soldiers said: We are patriotic and anti-Japanese, we are the revolutionary contingent of the Communist Party of China, and I cannot covet money as long as the weapons revolution.
This is a righteous and awe-inspiring contingent, a contingent loyal to the nation and the motherland. With high morale, they marched in the snow and ice for fifteen hours, traveling nearly one hundred and twenty miles, and the rice water did not enter. The next day, the team moved to the village of Erzhu in Wuchuan County. The second squadron of the Mongolian Flag Security Brigade, formerly stationed in the Middle Banner of Urat, was summoned by the riot team and rushed to the village of the second element to meet the main force. Thus the revolutionary contingent is nearly eleven hundred men.
Before the riots began, Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu sent someone to report to the suiyuan provincial authorities without Yunwei's consent. After arriving at Chacha Village, they did not agree with Yunwei's plan, so they sent a telegram to the suiyuan provincial authorities. As a result, the insurrectionary contingent fell into the trap laid by the Kuomintang reactionaries. The authorities of Suiyuan Province sent troops to guard the road to the Hetao area, preparing to intercept the insurgents; On the one hand, two battalions of the 421st Regiment of the Thirty-fifth Army rushed to the village of the second element, surrounded the rioting contingent under the pretext of "condolences", and tried to use deception and coercion to collect the weapons in their hands. YunWei and many officers and men advocated a breakthrough to Hetao, but Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu believed that the troops had lost ground, and even if the breakthrough was successful, they would be attacked on their stomachs and backs, and persuaded the troops to surrender all the machine guns and most of the rifles, and the bolts were unloaded by them and loaded with several sacks of marijuana.
On February 25, after the decision of the suiyuan provincial authorities, Yun Jixian took the lead and issued a "trail electricity" to inform the whole country. The wording of the telegram was vague and reflected the kuomintang's official reactionary intentions. On orders from the authorities of Suiyuan Province, the riot team was pulled south of Daqingshan and reorganized into two brigades, stationed in Shuijiangou Village, Saraqi County, and Sanliang Village, Guisui County. The authorities in Suiyuan Province kept strict watch over them and stamped their necks with fewer stop-and-pay uniforms, in order to force them to disband themselves. After learning the truth of the rebellion, the Japanese secret service organization Hayama Mansion in the Guisui area, believed that it was a harm to their agent, King Toku, and hated the leader Yunwei and others to the bone. Kuomintang officials also regarded Yunwei and others as the culprit, and repeatedly dispatched military and police to search for and arrest them, which made many officers and men within the riot team feel cold.
Comrade Ulanf
The Simon Working Committee of the Communist Party of China immediately took urgent measures to publicize the purpose, facts and significance of the Bailing Temple riot to all sectors of society, introduced the discrimination and persecution suffered by the riot team, and appealed for and mobilized patriotic people from all walks of life to give support. The Party organization also held short-term cadre training courses for the riot teams to raise the political awareness of the backbone. In September of the same year, when Zhao Jinbiao, a senator from Suiyuan Province, gave a lecture to the riot troops, he went so far as to accuse them groundlessly and threaten them, arousing the unanimous indignation of the vast number of officers and men. Some of the de-king's minions, mixed with the insurrection ranks, took this opportunity to incite other ideologically impure and wavering elements to defect to the de-king. Three days later, some impure reactionaries mutinied and shot and killed Yun Jixian. Due to the destruction of the authorities in Suiyuan Province and the sabotage and exploitation of the devisive teeth of the King of Germany, some officers and men fled, and more officers and men left the team and returned home in anger.
This puts the riot teams in a very difficult position at this time, at any time at risk of disintegration. Thanks to the efforts of the Communist Party of China, it was finally preserved. The Simon Working Committee of the CPC decided that Comrades Yunqing, Zhao Cheng, and others should immediately return to work in this unit, and Ulan Fu led some other comrades to join this unit. In February 1937, under the condition that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were contemplating cooperation again for the sake of resisting Japan, after the struggle of the Chinese Communist Party, the Kuomintang government agreed to reorganize it into the Mongolian Flag Security Corps and stationed it in the Bailing Temple area. Soon, Ma Zhanshan reorganized it into the Mongolian Banner Independent Brigade and moved it to the vicinity of Baotou.
In October 1937, the Japanese army and the puppet Mongolian army invaded the Guisui area, and the Kuomintang garrison fled without a fight. Only the Mongolian Banner Independent Brigade rushed to the southern outskirts of Guisui from the starry night of guyang county, where it was stationed, and fought fiercely with the Japanese army and the puppet Mongolian army for a day and night, giving the enemy a heavy blow. The Mongolian Banner Independent Brigade was the predecessor of the newly formed Third Division, and the founding general Ulan Fu acted as the director of the political department. This force has gradually grown through several tribulations, and it has always been composed of the heroes of the Lark Temple Rebellion. And always under the actual leadership of the Communist Party of China, they persisted in their struggle for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people, and finally ushered in the great victory of the Chinese people's liberation war.
References: "Internet Encyclopedia", "China Net"