Many people say that the United States is a heavenly land, an endless great plain suitable for farming, a long coastline, high-quality water resources, the natural conditions of the whole North America are very enviable, China to have such a good farmland, even if it is not a dream can wake up.
But why is South America, which is also vast and rich in the Americas, so pulled?
Located in the Western Hemisphere, South America is the fourth largest continent in the world with a large population and abundant resources. But South America's most powerful countries, Brazil, Argentina and Chile, are only second-rate countries, which makes people feel like Kennedy is racing - confused. Why hasn't South America formed a great power with world influence?
In this issue, the abandoned son will reveal the reasons for the South American stretch from many angles, and the gold lord fathers will buckle Q on the car.
Natural
First of all, South America does not have a certain relationship with the natural environment as a world power. This land is big, and it is on the verge of two oceans, looking like a high imitation of the United States, but a closer look is a pinduoduo version. Most of South America is located within the equatorial belt, and two-thirds of the territory in the north is tropical, mostly jungle mountains. As we all know, jungle areas are very difficult to carry out economic activities, and the cost of clearing land alone is extremely high, especially the famous lung of the earth- tropical rainforest, which you can't develop if you want to.
So South America looks large, and the actual habitable areas are concentrated in the inland Andean valleys, some plateaus, and scattered small plains along the coast. These places have flat terrain, cool climate, and good natural conditions, so agriculture is developed, and most of the cities are concentrated here. (Population density map of Upper South America)
The situation in South America is a bit similar to that in Russia, where it looks very large and actually has less beef than the beef in Chef Kong's beef noodles.
If it were not for the rich mineral resources to support it, south American countries would be poorer than they are now.
South America is not only divided by the Andes Mountains from east to west, but also by tropical rainforests, rivers and mountains, and the complex natural environment cuts the South American continent to pieces that are more rare than the Happy Potato Chips that have been created by mud trucks. The only real value is the La Plata River Basin, namely Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and the mineralally rich Chile.
Like the Nile Wars in Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay have historically fought fiercely over the navigable section and outlet of the Río de La Plata, with the famous "Paraguayan War" in 1864. Paraguay as a landlocked country surrounded by neighboring countries, President López does not know where the confidence comes from, may be to learn from the greater Poland Pingdu Zhenlu, to pick three, the result was a defeat, the late war due to the death of adult men and even 8-year-old children were forcibly conscripted into the army.
The war ended with Paraguay being wiped out, losing 40% of its territory, reducing its population from 530,000 to 220,000, and leaving only 30,000 men, and having to choose a polygamous system to restore the population. It can be said that it is the rui sauce that eats peppercorns - shu ma.
Argentina and Uruguay controlled the outlet and navigable section of the Rio de la Plata, Brazil and Argentina received large reparations and large areas of territory, and all three countries laughed very happily, and only Paraguay's injured world line was achieved.
If the entire latin America (without reading: Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Uruguay, Brazil, directly on the map) 19 countries were combined to form the Latin American Union, the population would be about 620 million, slightly less than Southeast Asia, and the land area is about 20 million square kilometers, more than four times that of Southeast Asia. GDP in 2021 is about $4.67 trillion, higher than the whole of Southeast Asia, and even more than Germany, and basically the same as Japan. GDP per capita is also higher than in Southeast Asia, although Southeast Asia has a recognized developed country (Singapore), but Latin America does not.
Historical factors
Comparing South America to Europe and Asia, which has a long history of civilization, is pure bullying, and comparing it to North America, which is also the Americas. Both historical similarities were discovered during the Age of Discovery, both of which were indigenous civilizations and were colonized since then. Especially in the United States, the indigenous race is the same, close to the distance, is now recognized as the world's first, compared to North America, why is South America so pulled?
This belongs to the loss at the starting line, no wonder south American countries.
Let's take a look at the time when the American countries were colonized and the suzerainty (table)
Found at time Suzerainty
Brazil 1500 (thirteenth year of Akihiro's reign) Portugal
Argentina 1535 (14th year of Ming Jiajing) Spain
Canada 1535 France
United States 1607 (35th year of the Ming Dynasty) England
Brazil was colonized by Portugal in 1500, Argentina by Spain in 1535, Canada by France in the same year, and the United States by Britain in 1607.
South America was colonized significantly earlier than North America, with differences in the fact that the host countries were different. In South America, these two are Spain and Portugal, these two European pigs, the United States is the Belt Ying, and Canada is originally a French chicken and then sold to the Belt Ying.
Portugal, Spain, and the British colonies ruled in different ways, which determined the degree of social development of these lands many years later.
The countries and regions that have been colonized by Portugal can still fight in Brazil.
The Spanish colonies, namely Central and North America and Argentina, were no better than Portugal, and the big pigs did not laugh at the two pigs.
And the Colonies with Britain, even if eagle sauce aside, the rest such as kangaroos, South Africa, and India are all big guys, no less than Brazil and Argentina.
Therefore, South America has to blame the "two-toothed" dog father for not arguing.
Specifically, Portugal was the first country in recent history to run out to find a colony, not because of the spirit of adventure, but for the simplest reason: poverty! Too poor, poor and resilient, the famous old lai debt in Europe is high, and the only hope is to find valuable things overseas and come back to exchange money for debts to redeem his wife. So in the 15th century, Portugal, with a little foundation in navigation technology, went out to make money.
Originally, Fruit Tooth was planning to go to Asia to find some spices to sell back, but the result was that the yin and yang first found Africa, brought back sugar and wine, to know that sugar was a luxury in Europe at that time, and became rich overnight. The only way to relieve the worries is to get rich, Portugal lost all its troubles in an instant, and was forced to live a boring and tedious life of sudden wealth.
On the side of Spain to see the neighbor rich suddenly opened the writing wheel eye, to know that Spain conditions are much better than Portugal, navigation ability is also the end of Portugal, ten miles and eight townships to inquire about what is called the fucking armada!
In August 1492, Columbus, a special envoy of the Queen of Spain, led three sailing ships out of the Atlantic Ocean with an "edict" to the emperors of India and China, and after 70 days and nights of arduous sailing, arrived at the New World in the early morning of October 12, until the death of Columbus insisted that this continent was India, but it is now called America.
It can be seen that if you want to become a seafarer, you must be a road fool, and if you can't swim, it's better (One Piece)
Portugal said that in the 15th century, it was important to pay attention to a common prosperity, and yours was mine, so it was ready to send an expedition to seize the New World, or it was a pirate.
Spain says sweet robbers also have to talk about the basic law, you a face of fruit barbarians do not know first come, first served! So Spain launched a lawsuit against the Pope, and the Pope said: (Kim: Don't fight, don't fight, the Benefits of the Americas are all there, whoever says it's right will give it to him)
In 1494, under the arbitration of the Pope, the two toothpicked the Treaty of Tordesillas, agreeing to demarcate the boundary at 370 leagues west of Cape Verde, known in history as the "Papal Meridian", the newly "discovered" lands on the east side of the line belonged to Portugal, and the west line was assigned to Spain, dividing the earth.
At the very beginning, these two big teeth did not have a bad stomach to bully people, nor did they plan to burn and loot everywhere, purely to bypass the Arab world and restore normal trade with the East, after all, the Silk Road was profitable enough.
When they first arrived in South America, because the local products were too rich and the food was plentiful, and the local natives did not need a social division of labor to eat and drink, the social structure was extremely simple, and it still stayed in the tribal system.
After the people of Spain and Portugal came, they quickly mingled with the local natives, so today South America is all mixed-race, indicating that at the beginning, the white colonizers and the local natives were relatively equal, and they all regarded each other as people, so they could intermarry and reproduce with each other.
When it came time to take Ying Ru dream of waking up and going to occupy the colonies, the best places to get done were all developed, and they could only chew some hard bones, like South Africa, North America and the like. Since the property is not as abundant as in South America, the local indigenous organization and resistance spirit is much stronger, and the two sides are basically you say I love you, he says squid, less than a piece of urine.
The failure of integration, coupled with the huge profits brought by trade, made Daiying's eyes no longer simple, revealing the original face of the Angsar bandit gang' fierce and brutal. As a result, the natives of South Africa and North America were basically either killed or enslaved. Therefore, the later the colonies in history, the fewer the mixed races, were absolutely ruled by whites.
The first division of the colonial world arose, represented by South America, and because the racial composition was dominated by a mixture of easy to rule, and the suzerainty itself was feudal, it was adopted (Portugal) and the viceroy system (Spain).
And the colonies with Britain have completed the change because they have exterminated the natives, the local people are all white immigrants, all are old British rice flags, everyone is equal, let me as a colony subordinate to the motherland can, want to enslave me. In addition, the British form of government was relatively democratic after the promulgation of the "" in 1689, so the colonial autonomy model was adopted.
Of course, the colonies with Britain are not without governors, but they are mainly aimed at semi-colonies such as the concession and India, after all, the three brothers are too many to kill.
Portugal and Spain's attitude towards the colonies was simple and crude.
First of all, Portugal, because the royal family is too weak and the national strength is not good, so it can only give the colony to the nobles. The nobles were in effect kings in the colonies, as long as they paid 1/5 of the taxes paid to the suzerainty and the church, and the rest were their own, simply put, portugal's Brazilian vassals. Therefore, the aristocrats managed the colonies by selling whatever they were worth, paying taxes when they earned money, and eating, drinking, and having fun with the rest of the money.
Brazil, for example, was first planted with sugar cane and squeezed sugar, and constantly sold sugar. Sugar is not valuable to change to tobacco, in short, what is valuable to sell, the management level is extremely low, and the agricultural society almost depends on the sky to eat.
The second is the viceroyalty of Spain, because the Spanish navy is "invincible" and powerful. Therefore, the royal family has the ability to closely control the colonies, and the governors sent to do a good job, greatly rewarded, do not do well, work hard, greatly activate the subjective initiative of people, and the governors are very energetic (Corporal Morishita).
For example, Argentina, which initially produced precious metals, especially silver, has been mixing well, but because it did not implement the important policy of sustainable depletion and fishing, silver was later mined. So in order to complete the king's KPI is not optimized for graduation, the governor can only rack his brains to find ways to generate income, try tobacco, raise cattle and so on. Therefore, Argentina developed better than Brazil during the colonial period.
Finally, with British-style autonomy, due to the relative equality with the suzerainty, the number of immigrants is large, so in North America and Australia, the white people do not have to press the KPIs, they are crazy to make money, and the advantages of the colonies are exploited as much as possible.
Taking the United States as an example, starting from the thirteen continents of North America, the land is not fertile, and the products are not as fertile as those in South America. But this group of colonists used up the power of the flood in order to make money. The land in the South is fertile, so it is arranged to plant plantations, sell slaves, and the world engages in seeds of various valuable crops to plant the land.
If the North has resources, then engage in industry. If there is gold in the west, it will pan for gold first, and when there is no gold, everyone will be a cowboy to engage in animal husbandry. The potential of the land is fully tapped.
The British colonies also exploded in South America in terms of capital recycling. What was produced in South America, legally speaking, belonged to the king of Spain, and was first pulled to Europe to sell money, sold the money to leave taxes, and the rest went to the lord or the governor, and the money eventually returned to the society in the minority. In any case, there is neither industry nor finance in South America, and this money either goes into the pockets of the rulers, or everyone weighs the money and drinks and eats meat. (Water Margin)
Unlike North America and Australia, the goods exported are sold to the suzerainty, how much money is bargained, and the money sold is attributed to the planters and industrial and commercial owners of the organization of production, and will expand reproduction.
If the money that South America sells resources to the United States, it will enter the industrial system, enter the financial system, generate huge liquidity, make it into all kinds of industrial products, sell money - production - sell money, constantly roll profits, self-growth, self-replication.
The United States, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia all developed from the British colonies. Unlike the Colonies of South America, they themselves had few natural resources that were easily realized, and they were developed by the hard work of the colonists, so they established advanced institutions similar to those of Western Europe.
South America, on the other hand, is rich in precious metals. Therefore, from the very beginning, the colonists were only intent on plundering resources, and the advanced political system in Europe did not affect the region at all, and the local political system was even inferior to that of ancient China. This has led to the fact that when South America enters the modern society, the entire social culture and atmosphere are behind the times.
Since the Industrial Revolution took place in Britain rather than in Spain and Portugal, the British colonies directly enjoyed the benefits of the first Industrial Revolution. At that time, South America did not have a decent industrial system and economic foundation, and it always stayed on the supply of resources and raw materials, further expanding into an unbridgeable gap and barrier.
Political system
The poor political systems of the countries of South America are also a major reason for the restriction of their development. The well-known Mrs. Perón, Pinochet, and others, who are known to the fathers of the gold lords, are either military dictatorships, left-wing or populist, and the root cause of this phenomenon lies in the economic base and social structure. Since there is no industrial system, there is no middle class, except for the upper rulers, the lower people.
Just like the social structure of ancient China, except for the emperor, officials, and aristocrats, a small group of upper-class society, that is, the vast number of low-level peasants, so they can only engage in autocracy and dictatorship. Western democracy arose because the development of industry and commerce created a broad middle class.
South American society, because it is all the lower classes of the people, naturally prefers leftism and populism. But left-wing politicians in South America can think of a shared wealth for all, but without a long-term solution to develop the economy, it is easy to fall into the dilemma of who is drunk today and who loves sweet tomorrow.
Where does the left's money come from to give back to the people? First, of course, taxes, and then confiscation of foreign-owned plantations, mines, and other assets. The Latin American left from the bottom few mature economic development ideas, and the basic laws of economic operation are not enough, short-term can, long-term economic development has no decisive change value. This is one of the reasons why Latin America's economic development has been sluggish for a long time.
In the final analysis, all the chaos in South America was the result of the colonial period, and this consequence became the cause of the continued deterioration.
Naturally, this cannot splash dirty water on the left, they at least have the conscience to change the living conditions of the people at the bottom and the fatigue of the country, but the methods are lacking, which is regrettable.
Without The Long History of Oppression in Latin America and the Terrible Gap Between Rich and Poor, where would there be the current mess that is hard to return?
For the people, the votes in their hands will definitely choose the direction that is most favorable to them. If it is always the benefit of a few ruling elites, business leaders, and foreign conglomerates, no matter how high the GDP figures and per capita incomes are, what does this have to do with the countless people struggling in the slums?
Only common prosperity, only the eradication of poverty, is the only way out.
So finally, to sum up, why South America has not developed smoothly and has not given birth to a world-class power.
Although the foundation of South America is good, the social culture and system in the colonial era are too backward, and the people at the bottom have been ignored for a long time, which eventually led to the overall rebound of society and the formation of a short-sighted political system.
Many times chose the wrong concept of economic development, and eventually became riddled with debt.
A country that goes wrong once is generations for the people.
Although the current situation in South America is not so bad, the per capita GDP is often more than 10,000, but it is a waste of their abundant resources.
In fact, there is no ready-made road to follow in the late-entrant countries, and there is no such thing as copying operations, but only in light of the actual situation of the country and the historical environment, we can gradually explore a suitable path. If a country wants to develop, it must respect the laws of the economy and rely on the actual situation and actual data to constantly explore.
Since the late Qing Dynasty, the mainland has faced the crisis of national subjugation and extinction, in order to save the country and survive, it can find a place to stand in the forest of the world's nations, and in the past hundred years, many people with lofty ideals have thrown their heads and spilled their blood, just in order to explore a development path suitable for themselves: constitutional monarchy, presidential system, parliamentary system, military government dictatorship, capitalism, socialism, every exploration is accompanied by the sacrifices of countless people, and finally the current socialism with Chinese characteristics has been determined, and the current national rejuvenation has been achieved. There has never been any savior, nor a god emperor, who wants to create the happiness of mankind, all by the people themselves.
This issue of the video is over, like this issue of the video, feel that the abandoned son analysis is very reasonable, the gold lord fathers please more than three consecutive support, your support is my biggest motivation, the next issue to see bye-bye