Source: Global Science, Frontiers of Life Sciences, Biological World, China Biology, E Medicine World, Mace Medical, Hanson Clinical Research, China Science News, Deep Research Science, etc
- The Pfizer mRNA covid-19 vaccine may trigger immune hepatitis
Source: Journal of Hepatology
On April 21, a study published in the Journal of Hepatology revealed a bimodal episode of acute hepatitis (both after both vaccinations) of acute hepatitis that occurred with 2 doses of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine.
The male patient was 52 years old and had no history of any illness other than hypothyroidism. Inflammation of the liver is observed during COVID-19 infection, but may also occur after vaccination. Studies have shown that highly activated T cells accumulate and distribute evenly in different areas of the liver of patients with liver inflammation after COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, in these hepatic infiltrating T cells, the researchers observed an enrichment of T cells that are reactive to the new coronavirus, suggesting that these vaccine-induced cells in this case may have contributed to liver inflammation.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827822002343
- Some long-term COVID-19 syndromes may be caused by an abnormally suppressed immune system
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases
On April 22, a work published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that an abnormally suppressed immune system could be the culprit of COVID-19 syndrome.
The researchers found that the patients who improved were those who initially had lower CCR5 levels on T cells, suggesting that their immune systems were less active than normal patients, while patients who improved actually had increased CCR5 levels. This led to the new hypothesis that long-term COVID-19 in some people is associated with a suppressed immune system rather than being overactive, and that while blocking its activity, antibodies can stabilize the expression of CCR5 on the cell surface, leading to upregulation of other immune receptors or functions.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciac226/6572226
- The new coronavirus infects liver cells and causes local damage
Source: Gut
In a study published April 22 in Gut, human organoids were used to study COVID-19 infection and its induced liver damage at the cellular and molecular levels.
The researchers established 5 liver organoids and 2 biliary organoids from adjacent normal tissues of 7 liver cancer patients and found that expression of the new coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein was easily detected in the plaque areas of human liver and biliary organoids, but not in uninfected controls. 24 hours after infection with the new crown virus, the viral load of the new crown virus in the liver and biliary organoids increased significantly. The study also found that live coronaviruses can amplify in lysed organoids and their cultured supernatants, inferring that human liver and biliary organoids are susceptible to the new coronavirus and support strong viral replication.
https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2022/04/21/gutjnl-2021-326617
- The 4th dose significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization and death among older adults due to Omikerong
Source: Nature Medicine
On April 25, a study published in Nature Medicine found that the fourth dose of the vaccine significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization and death in the elderly caused by the Omikerong variant. The study also found that the risk of death from infection with the Omikejong variant increased dramatically as we aged, and a history of chronic heart disease was also a very serious risk factor for death.
The researchers enrolled 563465 elderly Israeli vaccinators, 328597 of whom received the 4th dose of BNT162b2. In the follow-up, 270 4th and 550 3rd vaccinators were hospitalized due to COVID-19, and 92 4th vaccinators and 232 3rd vaccinators died, compared with the 3rd dose, the 4th dose was adjusted to reduce the risk.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01832-0_reference.pdf
- Vaccination and interventions of a certain intensity can strengthen outbreak protection
Source: Emerging Microbes & Infections
On April 25, a study published in Emerging Microbes & Infections constructed a random susceptibility-infection-recovery (SIR) transmission dynamics model to estimate the burden of disease within six months of an epidemic caused by the importation of potential Delta variants.
The study simulated two vaccination strategies, "adults + adolescents" and "adults + adolescents + children", either of which vaccines reduced the risk of morbidity and serious clinical outcomes. The impact of improved COVID-19 vaccine protection and non-pharmacological interventions on the burden of disease was further simulated. The findings support the mainland's policy of expanding the target vaccinated population to 3-11 years of age, and emphasize the need to continue to maintain a certain intensity of non-pharmacological interventions and rapidly advance immunization strengthening.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2022.2063073
- A new generation of recombinant protein vaccines is highly effective in preventing Omexon
Source: Cell
On April 26, a study published in Cell developed the Delta-Omiljung chimer RBD dimer vaccine, which effectively protects mice against delta and Omiljung infections and pneumonia.
The researchers first designed the prototype-beta chimeric protein vaccine, which verified in mice that it induces a broader spectrum of antibody response and protection than the homologous RBD dimer of prototype and beta, and the prototype-beta chimeric protein vaccine immune rhesus macaque can provide protection against a variety of new coronavirus strains. Later, the Delta-Omiljung chimeric protein vaccine was designed, and its immune mice stimulated a broader-spectrum antibody response, showing better protection against the attack of delta and Omilkejung variants.
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00527-X
- The inactivated vaccine of the new coronavirus with the Omikejong variant strain was clinically approved by the State Food and Drug Administration
Source: China Bio
On April 26, China Biologics announced that The inactivated covid-19 vaccine of China Biological Aomi Kerong Mutant Strain (hereinafter referred to as the O Strain) developed by the Beijing Institute of Biological Products of Sinopharm Group has been clinically approved by the State Food and Drug Administration.
China Biologics said that the company introduced the Opichron variant from the University of Hong Kong, launched the research and development of the O-strain inactivated vaccine on December 9, 2021, and completed the pre-clinical research and development including the safety evaluation and immunogenicity study in animals, and the results showed that the O-strain inactivated covid-19 vaccine can produce high-titer neutralizing antibodies against the O-strain and a variety of variants.
China Biologics began to submit domestic clinical declaration materials to the State Food and Drug Administration on a rolling basis on January 26, and obtained clinical approval on April 26. In the future, sequential immunological clinical studies will be conducted in the form of randomized, double-blind, cohort studies in people aged 18 years and older who have completed 2 or 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccination to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine for the Semikron strain.
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/SNLgjnKhsIkkLv0wzns0LA
- Nearly 58% of the U.S. population has been infected with COVID-19
来源：Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
On April 26, an article published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report stated that as of February 26, 2022, 57.7% of the U.S. population had been infected with the new crown virus.
The results were obtained by screening blood donors to detect antibodies to the N antigen (nucleocapsid). The positive rate of N antibodies among U.S. blood donors sampled in December 2021 was 33.5 percent; by February 2022, it was 57.7 percent. Among them, the positive rate of children increased from 44.2% to 75.2%. The number of people aged 18-49 increased from 36.5% to 63.7%. The number of people over the age of 65 increased from 19.1% to 33.2%. Because infection rates are higher among young people, there is a greater public health benefit to vaccinating young people. But because it is the elderly who are most affected by the coronavirus, vaccination of the elderly is particularly important to reduce the risk of severe illness/death.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/pdfs/mm7117e3-H.pdf