Concrete is a modern artificial word, artificial stone three words synthesized, meaning artificial stone, artificial stone. Pyramids and ancient Egyptian statues are the work of concrete, which has long been known.
Ready-mixed concrete in a certain period of time in a fluid plastic state, pouring into the mold, after pounding and curing can be made of various shapes and sizes of the structure or components, after a period of time after the molding cement and water hydration reaction, so that the concrete hardened, hardened concrete has the properties of general stone, so the concrete is also called concrete, artificial stone meaning.
At present, 96 pyramids have been found in Egypt. The largest of these is the Pyramid of Khufu, located just outside Cairo, which is also listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Chinese earliest known pyramids were in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the pyramids were first mentioned in the Italian missionary Ayrulo's "Outer Chronicles of the Office".
The original height of the Pyramid of Khufu was 146.5 meters, and now the top has fallen off by 10 meters, the length of each side of his base is 220 meters, the slope of each triangular surface is 52 degrees, and the tower is made of 2.3 million stones, each of which weighs an average of 2.5 tons, and the heaviest even reaches 160 tons. It's hard to imagine how these heavy stones could be transported and built so high, and without any sticking objects, these super heavy stones could be put together without leaving gaps.
Over the years, some architects in France, the United States and Russia have conducted long-term studies of the pyramids. They found that it was not natural stone that was used to build the pyramids, but concrete—artificial stone, concrete. According to their research, it is believed that the pyramids were built within the last 500 years, or even later, and even more, it is not even excluded that they are modern architecture of the Napoleonic era.
concrete
This strange character was created by the architect Professor Cai Fangyin in 1953. At that time, teaching technology was backward, there was no tape recorder, photocopier, and students listened to lectures by taking notes.
Concrete is the most commonly used word in construction work, but there are too many strokes, and it is laborious and time-consuming to write. So Cai Fangyin replaced concrete with artificial stone three characters. Because the concrete three characters have a total of thirty strokes, and the artificial stone three characters are only ten strokes, you can save twenty strokes, which greatly accelerates the speed of notes, and later the artificial stone synthesizes a word that is concrete.
The conformation will mean "synthetic stone, concrete as hard as stone" and is popularized among university students.
In July 1955, the glossary of structural engineering terminology was approved and promulgated by the Terminology Office of the Compilation and Publication Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which explicitly recommended the use of concrete and concrete. Since then, concrete has been widely used in books and periodicals on various construction projects.
On June 7, 1985, the Chinese Character Reform Commission officially approved the legal status of concrete and concrete synonymous. In addition, the pronunciation of concrete is basically the same as the pronunciation of the French word "BE-TON", the German "Be-ton", and the Russian "BE-TOH" concrete word. In this way, it is more conducive to international academic exchanges in the field of construction, and it is a special word for construction engineering.
Concrete poured pyramids
The towers of the Pyramid of Khufu in Egypt are made up of about 2.5 million boulders, which vary in size and weigh from 1.5 tons to 160 tons. The Pyramid of Khufu was originally 146.59 meters high.
How ancient Egyptian builders lifted at least a few tons of boulders to build magnificent pyramids remains a mystery.
In the late 1970s, French chemist Joseph Davidowitz argued that the Pyramid of Khufu was poured with concrete, although this study was denied by mainstream Egyptologists.
Geologists were able to distinguish between natural limestone and concrete blocks reforged by dissolving lime.
Professor Gilles Hooge, a scientist at the French National Agency for Aerospace Research, and Professor Mitchell Bassom, an expert at The University of Dereksell in Philadelphia, have found through research that the pyramids on the Giza Plateau in Egypt are made of two kinds of stones: one is natural limestone from the quarry, and the other is "artificial stone"!
Professor Hooge and Professor Bassom carefully compared the stone fragments of the pyramids with stones from the Tula Quarry and the Madi Quarry in Egypt through X-rays, plasma torches and electron microscopes, and found that some of the pyramid stone fragments had "traces of rapid chemical reactions that do not allow natural crystallization."
The two professors wrote in the report: "If the stones came from the quarry, then this chemical reaction appears inexplicable; however, if the stones are poured like concrete, then this chemical reaction is completely reasonable." ”
Professor Hooge and Professor Bassom believe that the "concrete method" was only used to pour the stone blocks of the upper part of the pyramid, and the 10-ton granite stone block on the base of the pyramid was still transported from the quarry. Scientists also pointed out that the density of the pyramid stones is not the same, and the density of the stones at the bottom is higher than the density of the stones at the top, which also indirectly proves that the stones in the upper part of the pyramid are poured from concrete.
The results of the two professors' research were confirmed by the theories of the French chemist Joseph Davidowitz. He believes that ancient Egyptian workers dug up some soft limestone from the wetlands of the southern Giza Plateau and let them dissolve in huge ponds until they formed a mud-like shape.
Workers then throw the burned wood ash, salt and other lime material into the pool for mixing, and when the water evaporates, the pond leaves a wet, clay-like mixture, and these "wet concrete" will be sent to the pyramid construction site, and then picked by the workers to the pyramid being built, poured into a wooden mold, and after a few days, the "wet concrete" will harden and form.
French chemist Davidowitz and his scientific team actually tested this "concrete" manufacturing method, and it took them only 10 days to create a batch of huge concrete limestones that were highly similar to pyramid stones.
The research results of French and American scientists are supported by Gail Dimor, a materials scientist at the University of Namur in Belgium, who told the French journal Science and Life that he was originally a skeptic of the pyramid concrete theory, but after years of research, he has now changed his mind. "The three pyramids on the Giza Plateau are obviously all made of concrete stone," Dimotel said.