At the turn of spring and summer, the weather is warmer, and vector organisms such as mosquitoes and flies have begun to "stretch their muscles and bones". As the "three pests" of the "four pests", flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches can spread a variety of diseases and pose a serious threat to human health. In addition to the "three pests" is an important part of controlling vector diseases and ensuring the health of the population. In summer, how to reduce the infestation of vector organisms? Look down together...
What is a vector organism
According to the current national standard "Technical Specifications for Integrated Vector Biological Management in Towns", vector organisms refer to organisms that can transmit pathogens from the source of infection or the environment to humans by biological or mechanical means. It mainly includes mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, fleas, ticks, mites, lice, midges, ants, rodent rodents in arthropods.
In simple terms, vector organisms are organisms that can directly or indirectly transmit pathogenic bacteria or viruses to humans, causing harm to human health.
What are the hazards of common vector organisms?
mosquito
Mosquito-borne diseases are collectively referred to as mosquito-borne diseases. The main mosquito-borne diseases prevalent in the mainland are malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever. After long-term prevention and treatment, the incidence of the first three diseases has been greatly reduced, and dengue fever has still been endemic in Guangdong, Hainan and other places in recent years.
Culex pale and Culex tired are vectors of Filaria bane and hepatitis B, Aedes albopictus can transmit Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can transmit dengue fever, and Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit malaria.
fly
Flies fly around, like to crawl on garbage, feces, and like to fly to human food, so mechanically transmitted pathogens are the main way for flies to spread diseases.
Flies can carry more than 100 kinds of bacteria, more than 30 kinds of protozoa, and more than 20 kinds of viruses. Fly-borne diseases are the most common digestive tract diseases, occurring mainly in summer and autumn. The main disease-transmitting fly species are houseflies and large-headed goldflies.
cockroach
Cockroaches can carry eggs of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and parasitic worms, and can act as intermediates for a variety of worms.
Cockroaches have been shown to carry about forty species of bacteria that pathogenic to vertebrates, such as Mycobacterium leprosy, Mycobacterium leprosy, Shigella dysenteriae, which causes diarrhea in children, and Escherichia coli and Salmonella, which cause intestinal infections. Cockroaches can also carry a variety of eggs such as roundworms and pinworms.
other
Fleas, commonly known as fleas, not only suck blood, but also transmit plague and rat-borne typhus disease.
Lice suck blood day and night to cause skin itching, allergies, and can spread epidemic typhus, trench fever, relapsing fever and other diseases.
Ticks and mites are widely distributed, and many of them are closely related to humans. Ticks and mites that parasitize the human body suck human blood through stings, causing skin allergies and spreading forest encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, relapsing fever and scrub worm disease, which seriously endanger human health.
How to protect against the hazards of common vector organisms
Prevention is the mainstay, and the dead corners of household hygiene are cleaned up regularly
From the perspective of individual families, regularly cleaning up family health dead ends, especially hidden places such as sinks, toilets, wall corners, sewer openings, etc., keeping the countertop dry without leaving water, and cleaning up the kitchen waste generated every day can effectively prevent household breeding of vector organisms and prevent the breeding of flies and insects.
Rational use of vector sanitize and health protective equipment
Vector organisms commonly found in households are mainly mosquitoes. As the temperature rises, in the face of more and more active mosquitoes, what can people do to protect their health more safely and effectively? For individuals and families, it is a good choice to buy a household insect control device that suits them.
01
mosquito
When faced with a variety of mosquito protection products, how should you choose?
01
Electric mosquito beat
● The common electric mosquito beat generally adopts the method of capacitor discharge. The electric mosquito beat first passes a set of high-frequency oscillation circuits to convert the battery's direct current into low-voltage high-frequency alternating current, and then converts the low-voltage high-frequency alternating current into high-voltage high-frequency alternating current through a set of boost circuits, and then uses the generated high-frequency high-voltage electricity to charge a group of capacitors, and the two poles of the capacitor are connected with the two layers of the electric mosquito beat, so that the electrostatic field with a high voltage is formed between the two layers of the electric mosquito beat (generally up to 1500 volts).
When a mosquito is close to this electrostatic field, the suction generated by the electrostatic field can suck the light weight of the mosquito onto the electric mosquito beat, causing a short circuit between the two layers of the electric mosquito beat or directly causing an arc discharge, and eventually electrocuting the mosquito.
Electric mosquito beats have DC high voltage when working, which will produce a certain intensity of sparks, so it is strictly forbidden to use and overhaul in places with flammable gases. When powering on, avoid touching the high-voltage power grid with your hands or conductive metal rods to prevent accidents. When not used for a long time, the battery in the battery compartment of the electric mosquito should be removed.
2
mosquito net
●The quality of the mosquito net determines the quality of its anti-mosquito effect. Sometimes everyone hangs up a mosquito net, and when they wake up, they are still full of mosquito bites. The reason for this situation, in addition to the possibility of not carefully inspecting the mosquito net before closing the net, causes the mosquito to fly into the net, is also related to the size of the hole of the net. The number of holes in the mosquito net mesh refers to the number of holes per square centimeter, and the more holes, the better the anti-mosquito effect.
Common mosquito nets on the market are generally 16 holes, 32 holes and 48 holes. From the perspective of the number of holes, the 48-hole mosquito net has the best protective effect and the price will be higher. In general, the use of 32 holes of mosquito nets for household use can already play a sufficient protective effect, so everyone should confirm the number of holes in the purchase of mosquito nets with the merchants when purchasing to ensure the anti-mosquito effect.
3
Mosquito repellent bracelet (mosquito repellent sticker)
●Mosquito repellent bracelets and mosquito repellent stickers have received more and more attention as popular new anti-mosquito products. Usually, mosquito repellent bracelets and mosquito repellent stickers will mention that the product contains a natural insect repellent effect of plant extracts, and the extract is volatilized to achieve mosquito repellent effect. Common plant repellents are castor oil, cedar wood oil, citronella oil, clove oil, geraniol oil and so on.
Common mosquito repellent bracelets and mosquito repellent patches are mostly based on microfiber materials as carriers. When mosquitoes come over, the bracelet drives away mosquitoes by releasing a certain odor. In general, mosquito repellent bracelets and mosquito repellent patches are better protected indoors than outdoors.
It should be noted that it is not recommended to wear a mosquito repellent bracelet for children under 3 years old to avoid them from biting the mosquito repellent bracelet, resulting in the eating of the carrier containing mosquito repellent ingredients in the mosquito repellent bracelet into the stomach, resulting in some unexpected situations.
2
cockroach
The common cockroach house is mainly by coating the "hut" with strong viscose, placing a bait in the middle that can attract cockroaches, attracting cockroaches to run, and then sticking to death, to achieve the role of family cockroaches. But the cockroach house can only catch some careless cockroaches, and cannot play an eradication effect.
A more effective way to control cockroaches in the home is to use "cockroach glue bait". The principle is to lure cockroaches to eat bait with insecticides, and the cockroaches will not die immediately after eating, and usually will not die of poisoning after returning to the nest. Under the action of the poisonous bait, the poisoned cockroach will convulse and vomit after returning to the nest, and the cockroach has the habit of eating the feces, vomit and corpse of the companion, and the toxic substances in the poisonous bait will spread throughout the cockroach nest.
The effectiveness of cockroach glue bait is generally about half a year. Therefore, it is recommended to repeat the new cockroach glue bait every six months, and at the same time do a good job of home hygiene, keep the room clean and tidy.
3
Ticks
Summer is the active season for ticks, the northern region is generally march to June as the peak of tick activity, and the southern region tick activity season is more extensive. Therefore, when going out to play in the summer, it is also necessary to pay attention to protection and avoid tick bites.
Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods that parasitize on the surface of animals, and some species can invade humans. Ticks can transmit a variety of infectious diseases such as forest encephalitis, fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Q fever, anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Lyme disease, hare fever, etc., and transmit pathogens between animals, animals and humans through frequent host changes between birds and wild mammals.
During the active period of ticks, when you go to the wild, you need to pay attention to the following points:
● Do not lie down on the grass.
● Try to wear clothes with smooth outer surfaces and lighter colors so that ticks can be found in time.
● Before entering the grass, be sure to tuck your pants legs into your socks, and when entering the woods, wear a hoodie and a hat.
● After the field activity, carefully check yourself or each other's bodies and clothing to see if there are tick bites or attachments.
● Once found to be bitten by ticks and drilled into the skin, remember not to pull hard directly, so as not to drag the skin, but also easy to leave the head of the tick in the skin, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible to remove the tick, and then do local disinfection treatment.
Author: Yan Xu, Institute of Environmental and Health-related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Review: Expert of the National Health Science Popularization Expert Database
Cheng Yibin, researcher at the Institute of Environmental and Health-related Product Safety of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention