The name "Song" appeared three times in China as a dynasty, the first time was the Song Dynasty established by Liu Yu during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, this Song Dynasty is generally called "Southern Dynasty Song" or "Liu Song", which only existed for sixty years and ended in a hurry; the second time was the Song Dynasty established by Zhao Kuangyin, which was called "Northern Song"; the third time was that after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Jianli, the son of Emperor Huizong of Song, was called "Southern Song" because of the southern corner of the An'an River.
The Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty have an interesting phenomenon, that is, the emperor "two people turn". The Northern Song Dynasty was a dynasty established by Zhao Kuangyin, but the emperors after the Northern Song Dynasty were not his descendants, but the descendants of his brother Zhao Guangyi, the second emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty; the Southern Song Dynasty was a dynasty established by Zhao Guangyi' descendants, but the emperors after the Southern Song Dynasty were not his descendants, but the descendants of Zhao Kuangyin; the Northern Song Dynasty was founded by Zhao Kuangyin and died after Zhao Guangyi; the Southern Song Dynasty was founded by Zhao Guangyi's descendants and died from Zhao Kuangyin's descendants; Zhao Kuangyin produced a total of nine emperors, and Zhao Guangyi also produced nine emperors. It was as if the throne of the Song Dynasty was that the two brothers took turns sitting.
In 1276, lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, was breached, and Emperor Gong of Song surrendered. In 1279 AD, the last resistance force of the Southern Song Dynasty was eliminated, the young emperor Zhao Fu committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea, and the Southern Song Dynasty was completely destroyed, it is reasonable to say that this "two-person transfer" has ended, but in the following six hundred years there are actually their legends, and even the emperors of the three dynasties of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty have become the descendants of the brothers, and they are still competing for the world, carrying out the "two-person transfer".
The first legend, Emperor Yuanshun, was a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin
After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was rapidly established in the Central Plains. After decades of rule in the Yuan Dynasty, when tu timuer, the eighth emperor of the Yuan dynasty (after the unification of Kublai Khan), he personally announced an explosive news to the outside world, that is, the ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the eldest son of Shi Yu, Tu Xi Timur, was not the son of He Shi Yu, he was not a member of the Golden Family, so he did not have the right to inherit the throne, and Tu Ti Mu'er also made it clear that the father of Tu Ti Mu Er was Zhao Xian, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and this Tuoba Timur was the absolute Yuan Shun Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
The emperor's words were golden and jade words, that is, they were right, so the idea that Tuoba Timur was Zhao Xian's son immediately spread rapidly in the land of the Yuan Dynasty, and the story spread more and more widely, and the storyline became richer and richer, and finally formed a complete desolate legend.
Zhao Xian, the fallen king of the Southern Song Dynasty, was a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin, who inherited the throne at the age of three, but soon the Mongol army was under the city of Lin'an.
Faced with this situation, the young Zhao Xian naturally could not cope, so the grandmother Empress Xie and the ministers who presided over the government finally decided to surrender, and the Southern Song Dynasty collapsed, leaving only some resistance forces in the field to rebel against the Yuan Dynasty.
Zhao Xian's clan was sent to Dadu, but Kublai Khan generously crowned Zhao Xian as the Duke of Yingguo and gave preferential treatment in terms of treatment. However, Zhao Xian was after all the king of the subjugated country, and the Southern Song Dynasty ruled areas always refused to submit, Kublai Khan was always worried that Zhao Xian would become the spiritual leader of the Southern Song Resistance, but killing Zhao Xian was not conducive to his own rule, and finally Kublai Khan ordered the eighteen-year-old Zhao Xian to leave home and go to Tibet to study Buddhism.
Zhao Xian naturally understood his identity, and in order to save his life and forget the pain of the fall of the country, he devoted all his time and energy to Buddhism, and soon became a well-known Buddhist master of the Yuan Dynasty.
Time passed quickly, Zhao Xian gradually went from youth to middle age, and then from middle age to old age, he studied Buddhism for decades, and looked very pitiful in the face of the Qinglan Ancient Buddha every day, so when he went to preside over the Ganzhou Mountain Temple, the local tribal leader looked at him pitifully and decided to give him a return woman.
Note that Zhao Xian's Buddhism was learned in Tibet, that is, he studied a branch of Tibetan Buddhism, and his sect was different from the Gelug school, which later became commonly known as the "Yellow Sect", which did not have the precepts for monks not to start a family, so Zhao Xian had no problem marrying a wife.
As the king of the subjugated country, Zhao Xian, who became a Buddhist master, and had a family, it can be said that he should finally live a happy life at this time, but he did not expect that what awaited him was a disaster or a blessing.
The woman soon became pregnant, and just as she was giving birth, a man came outside the temple. This man was Emperor Yuanwuzong's son, Shi Shu, who was forced into exile after a failed bid for the throne with his cousin.
When he ran to the Ganzhou Mountain Temple, he saw a strange light appear above the temple, he thought it was not ordinary, and after inquiry, he learned that it was Zhao Xian's wife who gave birth to a boy.
He Shiyu thought that this child was not ordinary and forcibly snatched the mother and son away, Zhao Xian suddenly had nothing, and soon he was given death by Yuan Yingzong because he missed his hometown of Jiangnan and wrote poems, and the boy who was taken away was Toji Timur.
The above is the legend that Tuoba Timur is the son of Zhao Xian, but this is a story after all, and even if he likes Toshi Timur again, he will never make him his heir, after all, the family lineage is above everything, as a descendant of Genghis Khan, he will never tolerate letting a descendant who was destroyed by himself become his own descendant and inherit the unification.
This legend was completely made up by Tu Timu'er in order to consolidate his throne, he was the younger brother of Heshimu, but he longed for the throne, so he did not hesitate to poison his brother to regain the throne, so naturally he wanted to let everything in Heshimu's disappearance, and he must not let Tushi Timur become the heir to the throne, so it was announced that Tuoba Timur was not heshi's son.
However, tu timu'er's crown prince soon died, and he was also seriously ill, he believed that all this was the retribution for his poisoning of his brother, in order to atone for his sins, but also in order to save his other son, he personally overturned the claim that Tu Xi Timur was Zhao Xian's son, indicating that Tu Xi Timur was the son of Heshi, and he must let Tu Xi Timur inherit the throne after his death.
Tu Timu'er died with fear, but his fabricated relationship between Zhao Xian and Tu Ti Mu'er did not disappear with Tu Ti Mu'er's death, because the Yuan Dynasty's lack of historical narrative materials and fierce political struggles, coupled with the Factual Emperor Yuan Shun's lack of care for this folklore, perhaps because of the Qing's self-purification, or improper, the Yuan Shun Emperor never controlled the folk transmission, so that the legend that he was Zhao Xian's son was still widely spread.
The Literati of the Han Nationality, dissatisfied with the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, believed this legend very much, and they relished it because of their dissatisfaction with the Yuan Dynasty, which destroyed the Song Dynasty, but in the end it was not the descendants of the Song Dynasty who regained the throne, so that the Yuan Dynasty had perished, and the world was still song dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Han people deliberately wrote a "History of Gengshen Waishi" with a novel style to tell this story in its entirety, and the historian Tan Qian at the end of the Ming Dynasty also liked this legend and included it in his own historical work "Guo Yu".
For the people, they like this story more, because this story is much more interesting than the dry history, and it is also very exciting, which is completely suitable for the people to chat and brag after tea and dinner.
The second legend, Zhu Di, was the son of Emperor Yuanshun and became a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin.
Emperor Yuanshun had just ended his simple and confused life, but not many years later, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di was not the son of Zhu Yuanzhang but the son of Emperor Yuanshun, plus Emperor Yuanshun was rumored to be the son of Zhao Xian, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Zhu Di suddenly became a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin.
According to the legend that Zhu Di was the son of Emperor Yuanshun, folk legend is that after Zhu Yuanzhang sent the general Xu Da to attack Dadu, Zhu Yuanzhang actually ran to Dadu, and the first thing he did was to accept emperor Yuanshun's concubines, one of whom was a Mongolian concubine who was hongji (or known as Wengshi), who was already pregnant with emperor Yuanshun's child. Later, according to folklore, the Hongji clan gave birth to Zhu Di in less than a month, and Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and wanted to kill the Hongji clan and the child, but the child was protected by the benevolent Empress Ma, falsely claiming that it was born to herself, only the Hongji clan was killed, and the Hongji clan left a portrait before his death and gave it to the loyal Mother of Zhu Di. After Zhu Di became the King of Yan, the nursing mother told Zhu Di the truth, so Zhu Di vowed to take revenge, and finally rebelled after Zhu Yuanzhang's death and seized the throne. According to the "Outline of the Golden History of Mongolia", Zhu Di was the son of Emperor Yuanshun, but when he was born in full term, Zhu Yuanzhang did not know it, and he took it as his own son and then couldonize him normally, and finally rebelled to seize the throne.
No matter which theory is that Zhu Di is not Zhu Yuanzhang's son, in fact, this story is very flawed, and it is made up blindly at first glance.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang has many harems and dozens of children, he does not have the habit of robbing each other's wives and concubines, which is also what Zhu Yuanzhang has always been proud of. Secondly, Zhu Di's birth, although zhu Di's birth mother is not conclusive, but Zhu Di's birth is no problem, it is unanimously believed that Zhu Di was born in April of the twentieth year of Zhizheng (1360), and the Yuan Dynasty attacked most of them in August of the first year of Hongwu (1368), at this time Zhu Di was already seven years old, and in this year, Zhu Yuanzhang officially named his first seven sons, Zhu Di had an official name, and at this time, taking the name was not a casual call, but to warn the world. Therefore, Zhu Di could never have been the son of Emperor Yuanshun. Moreover, the "Outline of the Golden History of Mongolia" is not a serious historical record, in this book it is also recorded that Zhu Yunjiao was the son of Zhu Yuanzhang, which was a duel between emperor Yuan Shun and zhu Yuanzhang's descendants, from which it can be seen how this record is, and the previous Yuan Shun Emperor was The son of Zhao Xian was a spiritual victory.
But why is there a legend that Zhu Di was the son of Emperor Yuanshun?
The first reason is that Zhu Di's mother is unknown.
After Zhu Di seized the throne, he repeatedly claimed that he was the son of Empress Ma and that he was the crown prince, but there is a lot of evidence that Zhu Di was not the son of Empress Ma.
In order to consolidate his throne, Zhu Di changed his record of usurpation and wantonly changed the record, forcibly defining himself as the son of Empress Ma.
However, Zhu Di could not change everything in everything, so that the more he changed, the more chaotic, not only his mother changed uncertainly, but even the origin of Zhu Biao and others also had problems.
It is precisely because the mother is not sure who it is, which gives the imagination room to play, thinking that Zhu Di was born unknownly, so that he thought that Zhu Di was not Zhu Yuanzhang's son, and became the son of Emperor Yuanshun with false rumors, and finally became a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin.
Second, Zhu Di's rebellion.
Zhu Di was the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the throne was originally inherited by the eldest son Zhu Biao, after Zhu Biao's death, according to the patriarchal law, his descendants ranked ahead of Zhu Di and others, so Zhu Yuanzhang finally passed the throne to his grandson Zhu Yunjiao. Zhu Di was dissatisfied with this succession, coupled with Zhu Yunjiao's eagerness to cut the domain, and eventually Zhu Di rebelled and seized the throne.
Zhu Yunjiao was the legal emperor, and Zhu Di was the rebellious emperor. Zhu Di seriously undermined the etiquette of the succession of the eldest son, which made the traditional literati dissatisfied, and at the same time, Zhu Di opened a four-year war in order to seize the throne and rebelled, bringing disaster to hundreds of people, so Zhu Di's seizure of the throne caused dissatisfaction among many people. However, they could not oppose Zhu Di and could only vent in this way.
Finally, the need for Qing rule.
The Qing Dynasty used Li Zicheng's uprising to destroy the Ming Dynasty, successfully entered the customs, and then seized the world, because the foreign nationalities during the Qing Dynasty naturally caused opposition from the Han people, and the people rose to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty.
If the Qing Dynasty wants to consolidate its rule, it must deny the Ming Dynasty, so they are very keen to orchestrate various gossip and legends of the Ming Dynasty, and this legend that Zhu Di is not Zhu Yuanzhang's son is naturally a great boost, because Zhu Di is not Zhu Yuanzhang's son, he is the son of the Yuan Shun Emperor, so the Ming Dynasty has long perished, in fact, it is still the Yuan Dynasty rule, so your restoration of the Ming Dynasty is not established. Liu Xianting of the Qing Dynasty wrote a "Miscellaneous Records of Guangyang" that recorded: "Ming Chengzu was not empress dowager. His mother, the Mongols, regarded her as the concubine of emperor Yuan Shun, so she hid her affairs. There is no temple in the palace, the Lord of the Hidden Gods, the ancestors of the world, not related to zongbo. There were eunuchs who said for Peng Gong'an, and Yu Shao said this whenever he heard about Yan's death, and now he believes it. "It is said that this legend has always been circulating in the Beijing area.
So Zhu Di changed from zhu yuanzhang's son to the son of emperor Yuan shun, and began to spread widely, but later because this legend was too outrageous, it finally ended up and became a talking point for people to entertain.
The third legend, Nurhaci, is a descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song, that is, a descendant of Zhao Guangyi.
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty in China, and its predecessor was Nurhaci, who was a Jurchen, which is no doubt, but in the end the Qing Dynasty spread that Nurhaci was not a Jurchen, he was a descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song, that is to say, the Qing Dynasty was also a Han Dynasty, and Nurhaci's descendants were also descendants of the Song Dynasty. They later entered the pass, because Emperor Yuanshun was said to be the son of Zhao Xian, Zhu Di was said to be the son of Emperor Yuanshun, they were descendants of Zhao Kuangyin, and Nurhaci was a descendant of Zhao Guangyi. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty or the "two-person turn" between the brothers Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi for the throne.
Why is there a legend that Nurhaci is a descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song?
First, Emperor Huizong of Song did have descendants in the northeast.
Emperor Huizong of Song's name was Zhao Tuo, the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and a descendant of Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of Song. Emperor Huizong of Song was the king of the fallen kingdom, and in the second year of Jing Kang, the Jin Dynasty army attacked Kaifeng, and Song Huizong and his son Song Qinzong were captured and then taken to the capital of the Jin Kingdom, located in Shangjing Huining Province in the northeast, and later escorted to the more distant Five Kingdoms City and eventually died here.
Emperor Huizong of Song was the emperor who had the most children in the Song Dynasty, having thirty-two sons before the Jing Kang Rebellion, and six more sons in the Five Kingdoms City after being taken prisoner. And these six sons have since branched and spread leaves in the northeast to reproduce offspring, because the time is too long, coupled with no genealogical records, so the northeast folk ethnic groups intermarried with each other, so the Song Huizong has many descendants in the northeast, so Nurhaci has a legend after Huizong.
Second, the explanation of the surname Aisin Kyora
Ai Xin Jue Luo was not a prominent surname before the Qing Dynasty, the number was small, and the local legend "Jue Luo, passed down as Song Hui, After Qin." According to local legend, all surnames with Jue Luo are descendants of Song Huizong Song Qinzong, and there are legends that the meaning of "Ai Xin" is "Jin" and "Jue" means "Zhao". And later after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, only a small part of the surname of Jin was changed after investigation, and many clans, including most Manchus, changed the surname of "Zhao".
Even in the Qianlong era, many Manchus were too long to use because the Manchu surname was too long to use, and only the name could not be distinguished, so they privately used the Han surname to name Zhao Moumou, and the sons of the clan often called themselves Zhao Laoji, which made Qianlong very angry, so he deliberately ordered that the Manchus and the clan were not allowed to take Han names, and the surname Zhao was not allowed, but it has not been successful.
Third, the Qing Dynasty was designed to facilitate its rule
The Qing Dynasty already had this legend before Qianlong, but the Qing Dynasty did not strictly stop it, most likely to strengthen its rule.
It should be known that after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, it carried out a series of killings in the Southern Expedition to the Central Plains, and at the same time shaved its hair and changed its clothes, changing the customs and habits of the Central Plains for thousands of years and arousing the dissatisfaction of everyone.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty had to consolidate their rule, they knew that it was impossible for the Han scholars to accept foreign rule, so they ignored the social rumor that Nurhaci was a descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song, so that they were descendants of the Song Dynasty, not foreign rule, but an orthodox dynasty, which could make the scholar class accept their rule.
At the same time, it refutes the anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming, the Great Qing is a descendant of the Song Dynasty Huizong, should be the orthodox dynasty, so the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty are illegal, the Great Qing is the Great Song Restoration, the Daming is illegal, and what else to do against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty.
However, with the consolidation of rule, in the Qianlong era, it began to severely crack down on this statement, indicating that he had no relationship with Emperor Huizong of Song.
However, it is indeed unreliable to think that Nurhaci is a descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song. After all, hundreds of years have passed since the Song Huizong to the Nurhaci era, and the genes of the Song Huizong have long been diluted by the intermarriage of various ethnic groups in the northeast. At the same time, an important reason why the Manchus like the Zhao surname is that the Zhao surname is the first of the hundred family names, which is directly used, and it is a large surname, which can quickly integrate themselves into the Han nationality and avoid retaliation after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, not because they are descendants of Emperor Huizong of Song.
Although it is unknown whether there was a relationship between Nurhaci and Emperor Huizong of Song, it was of great significance to Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi.
Because Emperor Yuanshun was the son of Zhao Xian, the Ming Dynasty led to the legend that Zhu Di was the son of Emperor Yuanshun and thus became a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin, and the Qing Dynasty became a descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song because Emperor Huizong of Song was imprisoned in the City of Five Kingdoms, and it became a legend of Zhao Guangyi's descendants.
Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi brothers could not have imagined that the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, as their descendants, had actually continued this kind of imperial throne "two-person rotation" for hundreds of years.