Cerebral palsy (CP), referred to as cerebral palsy, refers to a group of persistent central motor development disorders and postural development abnormalities, limited mobility syndromes caused by non-progressive damage to the developing brain during the fetal or infant period; their movement disorders are often accompanied by sensory, perceptual, cognitive, communication, behavioral abnormalities, as well as epilepsy and secondary skeletal and musculoskeletal problems.
The incidence of cerebral palsy in children in mainland China is 2.48 ‰, and if cerebral palsy occurs unfortunately, it will bring a heavy blow and burden to a family. Correct understanding of cerebral palsy is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cerebral palsy.
Types of cerebral palsy
01
Spastic type
70% of children with cerebral palsy fall into this type and are the most common clinically. Damage to the cone system is predominant, including cortical motor area injury, and the main phenotype is increased limb tone.
02
Not casually sporty
Mainly external pyramidal damage, mainly including dance athetosis and muscle tone disorder, the most obvious feature of this type is asymmetrical posture, the head and limbs appear involuntary movements, that is, a certain movement is often mixed with many redundant movements, limbs, head constantly shaking, difficult to self-control.
In this type of children, muscle tone may be high or low, low muscle tone at rest, enhanced during casual movement, sensitive to stimuli, strange expressions, squeezing eyebrows and making eyes, neck instability, dysarthria and pronunciation disorders, salivation, and difficulty eating.
03
Ataxia type
Mainly damage to the cerebellum, as well as cone system and extrapyramidal damage. The main feature is incongruous movement due to motor sensation and balance sensory disorders. In order to achieve balance, the feet are far apart from the left and right, the gait is staggered, and the directionality is poor. The movements are clumsy, uncoordinated, and the body is stiff. Muscle tone is low, movement is slow, head movement is low, and separation is poor.
04
Hybrid
It is a type with two or more of the above characteristics.
Treatment of cerebral palsy
01
drug therapy
Drug therapy is a common method in the treatment of cerebral palsy, mainly through oral medications to change the physiological abnormalities and promote brain development. However, long-term medication during medication can cause side effects in the patient's body.
02
kinesiatrics
Exercise therapy is mainly for children with mobility impairments for rehabilitation. The role of exercise therapy is to assist patients with treatment outcomes and help children suppress and correct abnormal reflex movements. However, it is important to note that parents and patients must be clear: exercise therapy can never be the only treatment.
03
Surgical treatment
Although surgical treatment of pediatric cerebral palsy is not suitable for all children with cerebral palsy, it is an indispensable choice for children with cerebral palsy with abnormal muscle tone through the treatment of spinal nerves in children with spinal cord nerves.
There are two major categories of surgical methods for cerebral palsy, the first is neurosurgery, including selective partial resection of the nerve heel, as well as partial resection of the bone nerve and partial dissection of the tibia nerve, etc.; the second is orthopedic surgery, including tendon lengthening and three-joint fusion and so on.