In the past few days, with the popularity of "Mountains and Rivers bright moon", there have been more and more discussions about whether Zhu Yuanzhang should kill the heroes. Whether it is a TV series or real history, it is impossible to avoid a key word "hero iron coupon". In fact, regarding the use of iron coupons, Zhu Yuanzhang also specially issued the instruction manual "Iron List Text". The Gongchen Group just didn't read the instruction manual and turned the deathless gold medal into a lifeline. What the hell is going on, today Bai Yu will have a good chat with everyone.
First, the role of iron coupons
Iron coupons were first invented by Liu Bang. However, after the Han Dynasty, there were very few iron coupons issued for meritorious men, and they were not "just needed" for the rule of the feudal dynasty.
However, desire breeds demand, and demand leads to new products.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the country was in urgent need of talents, in order to win over the meritorious group and consolidate imperial power. Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately found a Tang Dynasty antique "iron coupon" from the home of The Wuyue King Qian Wei, and specially copied a batch of awards to the heroes.
The Ming Tongjian records that "Hongwu was three years old, the great warning of Wucheng, the reward of merit, ten dukes, twenty-eight marquises, iron coupons Danshu, oath to the white water, river belt mountains."
The iron coupons issued by Zhu Yuanzhang to the heroes are shaped like tiles, with the obverse engraving of Lao Zhu's handwritten "word making" and the back engraving of the number of deaths. The heroes of the Tang Dynasty generally avoided death 8-10 times, and the descendants could avoid death 1-3 times.
How can Lao Zhu, who has always cut the door, give you so many opportunities? Xu Da, who worked hard and was loyal and honest, had only been three times.
If you can't use it up, you can also pass it on to your descendants, so it is also called "world coupon". In the general understanding at that time, once this amulet was obtained, it was possible to "not come to the head of the law, the official did not enter the door, and enjoyed the title of the living and was killed."
The princes who held iron coupons also enjoyed various privileges at the same time, and the economy ranged from 1,000 stones to 5,000 stones.
The emperor also hoped to pass on the infinite number of gifts by issuing iron coupons, knighthoods, and endless gifts, in exchange for the loyalty of the princely family to the royal family, obeying the law, and achieving the purpose of "family world". Facts have proved that except for qianjia's "genuine iron coupons" that have played a life-saving role, other imitation versions have not played a role.
One small step to protect the genuine version, one big step to civilization and integrity.
2. Promulgation of the Iron List
It turns out that the demand for iron coupons is dynamic and the desire is ever-changing.
In an ideal way, you are the emperor and I am a hero. The emperor should not pit the heroes, the heroes should not pit the emperor, and everyone should build this dynasty happily together and serve the people diligently and sincerely, which should be the best model.
However, the reason why a bunch of poor brothers wanted to rise up at that time was not because they had been oppressed for too long. If you become an official, get rich, and don't go back to your hometown to show off, wouldn't it be better to be as depressed as "walking in the night in brocade"?
Facts have proved that the poor brothers of that year, once they enjoyed the taste of power, were even more ruthless than the landlords who oppressed them before.
Especially for a country, because of its excessive size, there is often an interest group standing behind a duke.
Every group thinks differently. Some meritorious people were "privately served officers and soldiers", and some heroes were "shadow open rumors" and "logging to build city towers, private apartments".
Fu Youde, the Duke of Yingguo, had thousands of acres of good land, but he was still not satisfied, so he said, "Please cherish a thousand acres of distant fields, the emperor does not say that he knows, Lu Zhi is not thin, and he re-invades the people's interests and lives." ”
Once the Yuan Xun Su came to power and became a prominent figure in the new dynasty, he relied on his political power and used various illegal means to expand his vested interests.
Iron coupons, even if Lao Zhu has used urine in advance, soaked with vinegar, and washed with alkali (quality such as green jade, not like ordinary iron) rusted, it still has strong legal effect and timeliness.
Iron coupons have the special right that "the law does not come to the head, and the officials do not enter the door", and even if they know, they will have no problem with them. As a result, the families below the heroes acted wantonly, bullying civilians, arbitrarily cutting off the country songs, and killing and poking innocents.
Anyone with vested interests is looking for ways to satisfy their own interests, not the interests of the dynasty.
The decision-making of any one person must also give priority to their own interests, not the interests of the whole country.
As for the pit Ming Dynasty, so what?
It's not my dynasty, you ask Boss Zhu to go.
Since there are more people digging corners, more shovels have become more.
Therefore, in order to prevent the meritorious servants from harming the people, Zhu Yuanzhang formulated a special law- the iron list.
The purpose of issuing iron coupons is to continue to shine for a hundred years, and now the "Iron List" is issued, that is, to let these heroes also manage their subordinates for themselves.
The Iron List consists of nine articles, most of which refer directly to the prince's family and servants. Fully prove the accuracy of that sentence, buy not sell fine.
Third, the role of the iron list
Since iron coupons can give you many lives, you can let countless little brothers run amok.
So, on the other hand, asking your little brother to help you consume the "health" on the iron coupon seems to make sense.
As soon as the "Iron List Text" was published, the life preserver immediately became a life book. The Prince's family has hundreds of family members, and each family member who breaks the law must be reduced or reduced the number of times on the iron coupon.
At the beginning, you used my iron coupons as a wool party, and now I have become a white prostitute party, who has embezzled state assets from you, and let you restrain those hooligans who are headaches in the government for free, to see who has prostituted whom.
In this confrontation between governance and intelligence, the greater the merit, the higher the merit, the more the loss.
There are nine iron lists, and one is worse than the other.
To go deeper, the new aristocracy relies on political and economic forces to directly affect the financial revenue of the feudal regime by means of illegal land occupation and shelter of household registration, but in fact it is already shaking and eroding the foundation of rule.
Since Old Zhu plays horizontally, there is always someone who does not die. The big guys of the Huai Right Group actually think the same way. After the great general Lan Yu got the iron coupon, he was "arbitrary and violent, and there was no fear", and even the stables used the "number of nine and five".
Guo Ying "killed five men and women without permission", Zhou Dexing built a mansion in violation of the law, and Hu Weiyong "arbitrarily and illegally" poisoned Liu Ji.
The other Huai Right heroes also shook their fists, and their political and military power expanded rapidly, and there was a fundamental conflict with the imperial power.
How long the heat of iron coupons in Zhu Yuanzhang's heart can last depends entirely on the degree of demand for talents in the country. The era of the lack of talent in the country at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty has long passed, and the examination system has selected a new echelon of talents.
Since the binding force of the "Iron List Text" has not played any effect, it must be moved.
Water and fire cannot be compatible, ice and charcoal cannot be used together, and the famous "Hulan Prison" in history has officially opened the curtain.
After a major purge, Zhu Yuanzhang promulgated the "Ancient Customization". This time, compared with the "Iron List Text", further provisions have been made for the "prohibition" of the heroes.
At this point, the heroes of the rest of their lives have become birds of fright, and they have withdrawn from the land and households they have occupied. Chongshan Hou Li Xin was the first to make a statement, returning Yi and Conghu, and Zhu Yuanzhang immediately approved his performance.
The other Xun Gui hurried to learn from each other, and Wu Ying waited for Guo Ying to return the tenants;
Li Jinglong, the Duke of Cao, returned six farms and more than 200 acres of land;
Duke Tang of Xinguo and returned Yi and Conghu, and a hundred concubines were dismissed, and most importantly, they surrendered their military power, "willing to return to their hometown and wait for the bones." Emperor Dayue ( Emperor Da Yue ) , Li Zhi Zhi Zhi Di Zhongdu .
Bai Yu commented: The iron coupon is actually a restoration of "aristocratic politics", and its main feature is to rely on privileges and hereditary officials to maintain it. The essence of the many illegal acts of the nobles in the early Ming Dynasty was to seek privileges. This act is bound to eventually undermine the bureaucratic political formation of the monarchy that has been formed. "Iron List" is actually a round of official warning to the nobles, since the contradiction between the privileged politics of the nobles and the imperial power is inevitable, which has become the main factor for Ming Taizu to finally take a cool government to purge the nobles.