Malnutrition has a higher incidence in patients with malignant tumors and affects the treatment and rehabilitation of patients to varying degrees. However, some erroneous dietary views have been passed on by word of mouth, which often misleads tumor patients into making wrong dietary adjustments and affecting the patient's recovery.
"How do I eat?" "Can I eat it?" ”...... Tell you all this once today!
How to eat?
1--- variety, intake of adequate nutrition
The "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 2016" clearly states that the daily diet should include cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock, poultry, fish, eggs and milk, soybeans and nuts, etc., with an average daily intake of more than 12 kinds of foods, and more than 25 kinds of foods per week.
2--- control the intake of red meat
According to the Recommendations of the World Foundation for Oncology Research, the daily intake of red meat should not exceed 300 grams per week. Such as beef, lamb, etc.
3--- avoid the intake of processed meat
Processed meats such as ham, sausages, bacon, etc., try not to eat them.
4--- Limit the intake of refined sugar and processed foods
The World Health Organization recommends that the daily intake of added sugars should be controlled to less than 50 grams, preferably no more than 25 grams.
Adults should consume no more than 6 grams of salt per day (one bottle cap), and excessive salt intake may increase the burden on the body.
The high amount of sugar and salt added to processed foods will invisibly increase the intake of sugar and salt.
5--- Abstain from alcohol
The World Health Organization has long classified alcohol as a First Class carcinogen. It has been suggested that alcohol intake can increase estrogen levels in the human body, so it may increase the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women to some extent.
6--- a balanced diet and reasonable combination
The recommended dietary ratio for a healthy plate is: 20% fruit, 20% protein, 30% whole grains, 30% vegetables, and dairy products. thereinto:
Fruit: Includes any fruit or 100% juice, fresh, canned, frozen, dehydrated.
Vegetables: Include any vegetable or 100% vegetable juice, raw, cooked, fresh, canned, frozen, dehydrated.
Whole Grains: Any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, or other grains is a grain product.
Protein: Foods made from meat, poultry, seafood, legumes, peas, eggs, processed soy products, nuts and seeds are considered part of the protein food group.
Dairy products: Includes all liquid milk and many foods made from milk. However, foods made from milk with little or no calcium content, such as cream cheese, cream and butter, do not count as dairy products. Foods made from milk and maintaining calcium content are milk products.
7--- different sources of nutrition recommended
Fat: Recommended plant sources such as olive or canola oil, avocados, nuts, fatty fish. If you are overweight or lose weight, you should eat less.
Carbohydrates: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, or legumes are recommended.
Protein: Recommended for poultry, fish, legumes, low-fat dairy products and nuts.
8--- the intake of soybean food should be appropriate
Soybean foods such as soy milk can also be eaten. Legumes are an excellent source of protein. With weak estrogen activity, it has been shown in animal studies to prevent certain hormone-dependent cancers. Pulses contain compounds with antioxidant properties that may have anti-cancer effects.
However, for the intake of soybean food, China's "Dietary Guidelines for Patients with Malignant Tumors" recommends a daily intake of about 50g of the same amount of soybeans.
Can I eat it?
9--- beef and mutton can be eaten!
In the diet of cancer patients, beef and mutton are needed to ensure the intake of high-quality protein. But pay attention to freshness, full heating, intake of moderate amounts, refer to the recommendations for red meat intake!
10--- river fish, marine fish, scaly fish, non-scaled fish, shrimp, crabs, sea cucumbers, etc. can be eaten!
Fish and seafood are high-quality sources of protein, and are rich in a variety of nutrients and trace elements. However, when eating, it is also necessary to pay attention to freshness, adequate heating, and moderate intake.
If you are allergic to seafood, then seafood is a "hair" for you, not very friendly.
11--- roosters, hens, ducks, geese and other poultry, can eat!
For cancer patients, meat is a very necessary nutrient, and chickens, ducks and geese are good meat choices. When cooking, pay attention to thorough heating and consume an appropriate amount.
12--- beans, soy milk, can eat!
Soy milk gives everyone the impression that it contains phytoestrogens, in fact, soy isoflavones do not increase the risk of breast cancer and recurrence, but its rich protein and nutrients are very beneficial to patient recovery. Pay attention to appropriate amounts when eating.
13--- honey, can eat!
It should be noted that honey is being mentioned here! Royal jelly is not to be eaten!
14--- mango, lychee, orange, passion fruit, cherry, can eat!
15--- garlic, leeks, coriander, white radish, yam, can eat!
16--- milk, goat milk, yogurt, can eat!
Dairy products are a good source of protein and calcium supplementation, and adults are recommended to consume no more than 300 ml per day. It is recommended to eat less added, regular brand, avoid containing estrogen.
In recent years, studies have shown that milk has increased the chance of breast cancer recurrence, and yogurt can be replaced by daily drinking.
17--- tahini, can eat!
But eat less, the higher salt content in tahini will increase the intake of invisible salt.
18--- cream cake, can eat!
Occasionally eaten. It contains trans fatty acids, sugars, etc., and too much intake is unhealthy.
19--- chili peppers, can eat!
However, because it is irritating, do not eat during treatment, and usually eat in moderation.
20--- coffee, can eat!
If there is no sleep problem, you can drink coffee in moderation, the safe intake of caffeine depends on the individual's constitution, if there is no tension, rapid heartbeat and other problems, do not worry too much.
21--- grapefruit (grapefruit), starfruit, pomegranate, Seville orange, use with caution!
Do not eat during chemotherapy and taking targeted drugs. Tracing the origin is actually that they affect the activity of CYP3A enzymes in the body during the metabolic process, interfere with the metabolism of anti-cancer drugs, and thus affect the efficacy of drugs in the body. It should be noted that even their juices and complex drinks have the ability to inhibit CYP3A enzymes, and they also need to avoid when taking targeted drugs/chemotherapy.
22--- Royal Jelly, Purple River Car, Snow Clams, use with caution!
Such foods have a greater effect on hormones, especially estrogen. Patients with hormone-related tumors such as breast and thyroid glands and gynecological tumors need to be vigilant.
23--- Ginseng, American Ginseng, Korean Ginseng, Panax Notoginseng Powder, etc., use with caution!
Some studies have shown that American ginseng extract has an inhibitory effect on tumor cells cultured in vitro, and some studies have shown that some ginseng preparations may have estrogen properties and have potential risks for breast cancer patients, so it is recommended to use with caution.
For contraindications in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine Conditioning, it is necessary to consult a professional Chinese medicine doctor and avoid blind use.
24
--- Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, fish oil, bird's nest and other health care products, use with caution!
Health care products can not replace medicines to treat diseases! There is no evidence that nutraceuticals can enhance the immunity of patients! If you really want to choose a certain health supplement or tonic, please take it under the guidance of a doctor!
25--- seaweed, kelp, thyroid disease patients with caution!
For example, seaweed and kelp have a higher iodine content. For patients with thyroid disease, doctors need to judge whether to eat more or less.
About supplements
26--- For most tumor patients, supplements are not recommended!
■ Unless there is a confirmed defect, dietary deficiency or indications of comorbidities, such as osteoporosis, ophthalmic disease, cirrhosis, it can be used appropriately under the guidance of a doctor.
■ Vitamins or other dietary supplements can be used for cancer control, recurrence prevention, and cancer prevention without adequate data support.
■ Taking vitamin supplements is not a substitute for sticking to a healthy diet. Efforts should be made to obtain nutrients from meals.
About weight
All patients with tumors are encouraged to achieve and maintain a normal body mass index (BMI).
27--- What is a normal weight
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) / height (m)
Underweight: BMI < 18.5 kg/m∧2
Normal weight: BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m∧2
Overweight: BMI 25-29.9kg/m∧2
Obesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m∧2
28--- How to gain weight
◆ Increase the frequency of eating;
◆ Avoid drinking liquids during meals;
◆ Encourage the consumption of foods that are both high-calorie and high-density nutrients, such as avocados (avocados) and nuts;
◆ Manage risk factors for underweight caused by treatment: address dental health and risk factors that lead to oral undereating; address dysphagia, taste/smell disorders; use gastrointestinal motility drugs as appropriate; quit smoking; address psychosocial factors that cause underweight.
29--- how to maintain weight
◆ Strengthen the awareness of maintaining a healthy weight for life;
◆ Measure weight once a week;
◆ Limit high-calorie, low-nutrient foods, such as sugary drinks, foods containing a lot of fat and sugar;
◆ By controlling the volume of tableware to control the amount of food, there should be a concept of healthy food intake.
30--- How to Lose Weight!
Addressing the psychosocial factors that cause overweight/obesity, including depression;
◆ Consult a dietitian;
◆ When obese or morbidly obese, consider bariatric surgery or drug treatment as appropriate, the safety and efficacy of bariatric drugs in tumor patients are not clear, please give priority to lifestyle changes;
◆ Take 1 weight per day;
◆ Weekly weight loss does not exceed 0.9kg, and for weight patients with more than 64, the weekly weight loss does not exceed 0.45kg;
◆ Limit high-calorie, low-nutrient foods, such as sugary drinks, foods containing a lot of fat and sugar;
◆ It is recommended to eat low-calorie, high-nutrient foods, such as vegetables rich in moisture/starch, broth, whole grains, fresh fruits, beverage choice water, sugar-free tea, and black coffee.
Write on the back
The diet of tumor patients is nothing more than to eat as well as possible, eat full, and eat nutritionally balanced under the condition of knowing how to avoid eating. Do not blindly avoid mouthing, so as not to induce malnutrition, which is more unfavorable to the condition.
bibliography:
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[54]5 Things to Know About Alternative Therapies and Cancer. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/909044
Liu Junqing, Liu Chunxiang, Han Jinfeng. Research Progress on Hypercoagulable Blood in Patients with Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Malignant Tumors[J]. Guangxi Medicine 2021 Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 363-366, ISTIC CA, 2021.
*This article aims to popularize the science behind cancer, not drug promotional materials, and it is not a treatment recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, visit a regular hospital.
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