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"Tongshan County" surfaced
Liu Chunmei
"Due to the maintenance of the fort, this week's Guangfu Yujiang stone carving ushered in the best viewing time, welcome friends from all over the world to visit!"
On April 13, 2022, a WeChat message blew up the local cultural circle of Deyang, and several clear photos of stone inscriptions were forwarded in large quantities. The jade river stone carvings that are submerged under the water all day long, and it is difficult to see the true appearance and full picture, all surface, and ordinary people can observe these precious relics with a history of thousands of years up close.
Yujiang stone carving group
Among them, a huge stone engraved with three large characters of "Tongshan County" with a height of about two feet and a strong pen is particularly eye-catching. Although the surface is covered with moss and silt, it is difficult to hide the dazzling light.
Southern Song Dynasty seal book stone carving "Tongshan County"
Guangfu Town, the historical seat of Tongshan County, has an economic prosperity, developed culture and talents. Since the establishment of the county in the Tang Dynasty, a thick Tongshan culture has gradually formed, not only the "Tongshan Sansu" in the annals of BiaoBing, but also the Tongshan Academy, which has been abandoned several times and has been intermittently extended for more than 1200 years, where Du Fu once wrote "Guanglu Banxing", and the calligraphy post "Shiting Ji • Qianqiu Pavilion Record" was also born here. Unfortunately, many cultural relics and monuments clearly recorded in the history books have been obliterated in the smoke and dust of history, and only these Yujiang stone carvings, which have been located below the water for many years, are still quietly telling the vicissitudes of an ancient city.
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The 3 large characters were chiseled more than 800 years ago
Guangfu Town is located in the south-central part of Zhongjiang County, more than 40 kilometers away from the county seat, surrounded by mountains, green pines, and the beautiful Yujiang River flows quietly like a blue belt, feeding the children on both sides of the strait for thousands of years.
In 1997, the Yujiang Stone Carvings Group, which was listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Deyang City, is distributed on the banks of the Yujiang River between Tongshan Village and Songshu Village in Guangfu Town. Due to the upstream repair of power stations and downstream gates, in recent years, the water level of the Yujiang River has risen, and many stone inscriptions have been submerged underwater for most of the year, or only partially exposed to the water, making it difficult for ordinary people to approach. In particular, the stone carvings of "Tongshan County" are even more difficult to see due to their low location. Therefore, after learning that these 3 big characters surfaced, many people rushed to Guangfu, and the originally quiet Yujiang River suddenly became lively.
Statue of Buddha shrine on the banks of the Yujiang River
"Looking at it in comparison, I found that 'Tongshan County' is so big!" A netizen who came from Zhongjiang County sighed. Indeed, unlike several stone inscriptions in the surrounding area, which are mainly in small letters, "Tongshan County" is a large seal book, and each word is about two feet high. Because of the long-term immersion in the water, the color of the stone wall is somewhat dark, but every stroke is still clearly visible, and the characteristics of the round and thick seal book are fully revealed. There are several lines of smaller characters on the left and right sides of the large characters, and some of them are no longer recognizable.
According to the records, the first note should be "Chaosan Dafu Quan Fa Li Zhou Road Transfer Judge and Lifting Xueshi Zhang Biao Shu", and the latter note should be "On the eighteenth day of the first month of the fifth year of the Qingyuan Dynasty, he was in charge of the Tongshan County Order of the Government Lang Tongchuan Province to persuade Wang Zhonghoujian, the Duke of Agriculture". "Qingyuan" was the first era name of Emperor Ningzong during the Southern Song Dynasty, the fifth year of Qingyuan, that is, 1199 AD.
That is to say, this stele has been watching the Banks of the Yujiang River for more than 800 years from its excavation to the present.
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The earliest stone carvings can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty
So the question is: what is Tongshan County?
In the history of Guangfu, because of the mountainous territory and the production of copper, Tang Zhenguan established a copper supervision office in the twenty-third year (649) and set up a money minting officer. In the first year of the Tang Dynasty (679), tongshan county was abolished and administered to present-day Longtai, Guangfu, fengdian and other places in Zhongjiang. During this period, after several wars and several rises and falls, the county seat was destroyed by soldiers at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, and was merged into Zhongjiang County from the Yuan Dynasty to the 20th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1283). Tongshan County went through the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty, for a total of 604 years. The name Guangfu was changed during the Ming Dynasty to this day, but the literati of the Ming and Qing dynasties still called it "Tongshan".
On both sides of the Yujiang River near the stone carvings of "Tongshan County", inscriptions carved in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties are concentrated, mostly in the Southern Song Dynasty. The left bank is carved on the stone wall and 6 large stones in the water, and the right bank is carved on 3 large stones, all of which are square sand and stone hard inscriptions, with a total of more than 20 inscriptions. The content involves the history, customs, religion, social life and other aspects of Tongshan County, and the inscriptions are mostly local or surrounding celebrities and officials and eunuchs.
"Of the more than 20 inscriptions, the oldest is the 'release pond', which dates back to the Tang Dynasty." Deng Gaohui, secretary of the party committee of Guangfu Town, is also a lover and promoter of Tongshan culture, and he sent the news of the hot circle of friends. He told the author that the "release pond" is written in letters, next to the large characters of "Tongshan County", and is carved on the same stone wall. According to records, in the middle and early years of the Tang Dynasty (about 881), Tongshan County ordered Li Yifang to chisel the pond to carve a stone, and the big book "Release Pond" 3 characters, the word large diameter ruler, was later destroyed. In the winter of the year of Song Shaoxi 's son (1192), Li Xi, the tenth grandson of Li Xi, moved from Jinshui to Tongshan and re-engraved it with his family's ink book.
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The faintly visible "Eight Views of Copper Mountain"
Today, a thousand years later, the place where Li Yifang wrote "Release The Pool" is still there. On the side of the large stone by the pool, the "Manjushri Bodhisattva", "Puxian Bodhisattva" and "Guanyin Bodhisattva" inscribed with the Southern Song Dynasty Li Dazheng's letters are usually half floating on the surface of the water and half in the water, and this time they can also be seen from the bottom of the water. Both the release pond and the bodhisattva name are related to religious beliefs, reflecting the moral indoctrination of the common people by local officials during the Tang and Song dynasties.
When the Yang Stone is inscribed "When the Yang Wins"
Looking from the release pond to the other side of the Yujiang River, there is also a stone named "Dangyang Stone", which is inscribed in 1277 by the Tongshan County Order of the Southern Song Dynasty with 4 big characters of "Dangyang Victory Place". Due to years of weathering erosion, the handwriting has been blurred. Dangyang Sheng is one of the eight scenic spots of Bronze Mountain. There is also a huge stone carving carved at the mouth of The Danyang Cave and written throughout the book, which is said to be the Northern Song Dynasty Sima Guang's "Wind and Fire Family Gua", and some of the text has been peeled off. The Southern Song Dynasty Tongshan County Ling Zhao Yifu had a poem to praise: "When the sun wins the good creek mountain, the green drop Wen Gongbao ink spot." The line slips a flood of cool feet, and the skin is all over the world. ”
Poems of Zhao Yifu at the wall of the Dangyang Cave
This poem "Dangyang Victory Place", which is engraved on the wall of the Dangyang Cave under the "Wind and Fire Family Gua", can be seen from the falling paragraph that it was also inscribed in 1277, and the "Wen Gong" in the poem refers to Sima Guang. According to the memories of liu uncle, a nearby villager, in the 1980s and 1990s, the water of the Yujiang River was relatively shallow, and people often went to Dangyang Cave to play, catch fish and shrimp, play in the water, and read inscriptions.
Near the Yangshi, there are also Feilai Springs and Feilai Stones, which are also the eight views of Tongshan Mountain. At the top of the stone of the release pond stands a stone pen shaped like a brush, known as "Su Gong Pen", which commemorates the local people of Tongshan and the Song Dynasty poet Su Shunqin. These ancient monuments and legends on the banks of the Yujiang River are all stories that the people of Guangfu have heard since childhood.
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"Drinking in a Glass" records the elegance of the literati of the Song Dynasty
What surfaced this time was the "drought for lin" carved in the Qing Xianfeng period. It can be seen from the text that in the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), the local drought was severe, and a rain prayer ceremony was carried out on the strange stone, and after 3 days, it rained heavily, so the special book "Drought for Lin" was recorded.
If it is said that "drought is lin" makes us feel the difficult side of the life of the ancients today, then standing in front of the other two stone carvings and carefully pondering, it is a completely different feeling, and many people may smile. One of them is Feng Yunzhi's "Drinking from a Flowing Cup", and the other is a stone carving of "Three Years of Taiping Rejuvenation" (978).
"Drinking in a Glass" records an elegant collection of Tongshan literati during the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Song Chunxi period, Ling Yundao, the brother of Feng Bingzhi of Tongshan County, passed through Tongshan Mountain, where he drank wine and wrote poems with Feng Bingzhi, Wang Yongshu, Su Changqing, and Yuan Guolao, and carved stone notes. The so-called "qushui flowing", is a kind of game of ancient literati, after the ceremony is held on the first day of the third month of the summer calendar, everyone sits on both sides of the canal, places wine glasses in the upper stream, and the wine glasses go down the river, stopping in front of whom, who will take a cup to drink. This kind of game is very old, And Wang Xizhi once had a poem "Feathers Follow the Waves".
"Flowing cup drink" stone carving
Today you can see this stone cliff carved large book "Flowing Cup Drink", by Feng Yunzhi title. There are 11 rows, and the upper part is still clear. According to historical records, the Tongshan Yujiang River has a flowing cup pond, which is the place where Feng Bingzhi and Wen you of Tongshan County used to visit.
"It's rare to be able to see so clearly up close for the first time. It is not difficult to imagine that the Song people are really so interesting! Deng Gaohui sighed. After other tourists understood the meaning of "flowing cup drinking", they also said that they would emulate the ancestors of Tongshan mountain and invite three or five friends to a "meandering water" style party on the banks of the Yujiang River.
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Behind the Yujiang stone carvings is the splendid Copper Mountain culture
In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the "Three Years of Taiping Revival" was carved on the lower side of the Feilai Stone, and the inscription "Several waters are exhausted (?) ), night to three more rain to bright", the strokes resemble the hole of the bookworm eating the book, which is very peculiar. Lin Changlong, president of the Zhongjiang County Academy of Calligraphy and Painting, believes that this stone carving has high artistic aesthetic value. "You see that its 'water' word is very small, but the word 'exhaust' is very long, it does not look very coordinated, but in fact, the ugly book is not ugly, this is a display of the calligrapher's own personality, showing an innocent and cute side." Lin Changlong invited professional rubbing personnel from Chengdu to further study the work.
"Three Years of Taiping rejuvenation" stone carving
In addition to the above, the existing Yujiang stone carvings also include "Tongling Jishengjie", "Tongshan Xiangxian Ancestral Hall", "Tongshan Township Ten Sages Ancestral Hall", "Tongshan Xiangxian Ancestral Hall", "Material Village Pen Covenant", "Vertical Notes", "Baofeng Academy Stele" and other Large number of inscriptions and stone carvings left by Tongshan literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and 3 statue niches, with a distribution area of about 2000 square meters. At the beginning of 2022, Lin Changlong and his colleagues found a circular carved Buddha and a new stone carving on the cliff wall on the west bank of the Yujiang River, which was judged to be Song.
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The "Copper Mountain Sansu" that should not be forgotten
After reviewing the information, the author found that leaving such a large number and rich in stone inscriptions in such a concentrated area is not only the only one in the Deyang area, but also very rare in the province. Behind the Yujiang stone carving group is the thick historical accumulation of Gutongshan County, which has the reputation of "famous cultural city".
From the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, there are 23 celebrities above the jinshi recorded in the history books. Among the famous people in Tongshan, there are as many as 13 Sumen literati alone. Due to the rise of the Sumen literati, the literary style of the Xingtongshan generation, coupled with the famous Tongshan Academy, which was already famous in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the customs of one party, the literati of The Ancient Tongshan County rose up, and the literary style was very strong.
Among the many celebrities in Tongshan, especially the "Three Sus" are the most famous, known as the "Three Sus of Tongshan", they are the first ruler of the Sichuan Song Dynasty, Su Yijian, the calligrapher Su Shunyuan, and the poet Su Shunqin. Among them, Su Shunqin and the poet Mei Yaochen were called "Su Mei", and had a good relationship with Ouyang Xiu, and had a high status in the history of literature. Today, there is a statue of "Tongshan Sansu" in Zhongjiang County, a archway of "Zhuangyuan Hometown" in Guangfu Town, and a Zhuangyuan Bridge, which was built in the Northern Song Dynasty.
"Many people only know Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Rui, the 'Meishan Three Sus,' but they don't know the 'Tongshan Three Sus' that became famous earlier than them, and it cannot but be said that it is a pity." Deng Gaohui said.
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The millennium of humanistic treasures is expected to be carried forward
According to historical records, there are still many stone carvings in Gutongshan County, which have now disappeared. The most precious ones are the "Records of the Stone Pavilion and the Records of the Thousand Autumn Pavilions", which was engraved during the Tang Kaiyuan period and has a high calligraphy value, which was destroyed in the 1970s and only the Qing version of the rubbings remains; Yu Shinan, one of the four great calligraphers of the early Tang Dynasty, once left a letter on the stone wall of the Yujiang River, which was later destroyed due to the construction of a power station; during the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu wrote "Guanglu Banxing" when passing through The Tongshan Guanglu Ban, and the address and carved stone of the poem have disappeared... As for the "beautiful woman sunning autumn figure" and "thousands of people kneeling" carved in the large stone at the ancestral hall of the original township sage, it only exists in the word of mouth of the local elderly.
The calligraphy post "The Record of Stone Pavilion and the Record of Qianqiu Pavilion" published by the Digital Library of the National Library of China
Those who go are not to be advised, but those who come can be traced. At present, the local government is organizing the maintenance of the fort, with the purpose of strengthening the protection of this group of Yujiang stone carvings in the Feilai stone area. Deng Gaohui said that some inscriptions have been affected by natural weathering and the surrounding messy environment, and from time to time there is a phenomenon of peeling, which is very distressing, and now personnel have been organized to clean up and repair. In the next step, they also plan to set up monument signs and build viewing corridors.
Another good news is that on April 14, 2022, the "Tongshan Sansu" cultural research excavation and utilization work forum was held in Zhongjiang, and many literary and historical experts expressed their opinions on how to activate and utilize the cultural resources of "Tongshan Sansu", such as the establishment of the Sansu Research Association, the construction of the Sansu Memorial Hall, the construction of the Sansu Cultural Theme Park, the construction of the Sansu Cultural Festival, etc., so that the historical and cultural heritage of the "Tongshan Sansu" is "thick", the business card is "bright", and the resources are "alive".
There is no tongshan county in the world.
But these historical imprints on the banks of the Yujiang River, the thousand-year-old treasure of Tongshan culture, should have the day to carry forward and expand!
Source: April 20, 2022 Deyang Daily, 5th Edition "Longitudinal Culture Weekly"
Author: Liu Chunmei (Deyang Daily reporter)
Courtesy photo: Deng Gaohui
Some of Fangzhi Sichuan's pictures, audio and video come from the Internet, only to disseminate more information. The copyright of the pictures, audio and video contained in the article belongs to the original author or media.