The recent hit TV series "Mountains and Rivers Moon Ming" recreates the history of zhengrong in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, in which various characters have appeared, zhu Yuanzhang's elder sons have different personalities, and his daughters-in-law also have their own strengths. The wife of Zhu Yuanzhang's second son, Zhu Zhu, the King of Qin, is a negative character in the play, and her scheming and the city government seem to be above her husband.
In history, among Zhu Yuanzhang's many daughters-in-law, Princess Qin is a relatively special one. Because he is not only a Mongolian woman, but also a bet of Zhu Yuanzhang.
In this article, the author does not talk about the plot, but only from the perspective of historical background and historical materials, to tell you about the wife of a king of the clan at the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.
First, the world's strange men, brothers and sisters depend on each other.1
Regarding Princess Qin, we need to start with the story of another person, this person's name is Chakhan Timur.
In the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1351), successive years of natural disasters had caused the people to suffer unspeakable, and the Yuan Shun Emperor had to recruit tens of thousands of migrant workers to dredge the Yellow River. In order to resist tyranny, a minfu named Han Shantong led Liu Futong, Du Zundao, and others to incite the people to rebel, and the slogan put forward at that time was "anti-Yuan and Song dynasty". The oppressed people heard the call and took up arms to fight against the Yuan Dynasty, and in less than half a year, Han Shantong's rebel army reached more than 100,000. Because all the rebels at that time wore red scarves on their heads, they were also called "Red Turban Army". (Two years later, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Turban Army, and he was first subordinate to the Red Turban Army of Haozhou.) ）
In order to suppress the Red Turban Rebellion, Emperor Yuanshun sent a general with troops to the south, this person's name was Richard Khan, the Mongolian name was Chahan Timur, who was then serving as a lieutenant of the Yuan Dynasty and the governor of Pingzhang in Henan Province. The Yuan Shi Vol. 141 records that:
Chakhan Timur, the character Tingrui, is out of the North Court. Great-grandfather Kuo kuotai...
Tsakhan Timur was very important in the court, but he had no sons, and because his sister died early, he raised a son and a daughter under her sister's knee and adopted them as righteous sons and daughters. His name was Kuoko Timur, and his Chinese name was very loud, wang baobao.
The Yi Queen's clan, whose maiden name is Guanyinnu, is the protagonist of this article, the second daughter-in-law of Zhu Yuanzhang, and the first Princess Qin of the Ming Dynasty. (Note: The Yuan Shi records that Wang Baobao had a younger brother named Dein Timur.) ）
That is to say, Wang Baobao and his sister Guanyinnu grew up in front of his uncle (later known as righteous father) Chakhan Timur when they were young.
Chakhan Timur is also a heroic master, using soldiers like gods, under his strong encirclement and suppression, the leader of the Red Turban Army, Han Shantong, was killed, and Han Shantong's son Han Lin'er escaped under the protection of Liu Futong, and since then the Northern Red Turban Army has been like a scattered sand.
However, Tsakhan Timur was very unlucky, and when he recruited the other two red turban leaders, Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng, he was blinded by the false surrender of Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng, and was eventually assassinated by the latter. After the death of Tsakhan Timur, he was posthumously honored by Emperor Yuanshun as the King of Yingchuan, and was posthumously honored as "Zhongxiang".
When Tsakhan Timur died, his righteous son Wang Baobao (Kouku Timur) was not yet 20 years old, and due to the custom of the Yuan Dynasty to have sons inheriting his father's duties, he was appointed by Emperor Yuanshun to take over the position of righteous father and lead the army to continue to suppress the rebellion. YuanShi Yun:
Therefore, he revived Timur, worshiped Yinqing Ronglu, Taiwei, Zhongshu Pingzhang, Zhi Privy Council, and Crown Prince Zhan, but still acted cheaply and attacked his father's soldiers.
Note that Wang Baobao was also given the title of "Crown Prince Zhan Shi", and in the middle of the dynasty, he was a close confidant of Emperor Yuanshun's crown prince Bao'er Zhijin (孛爾孛) and Ai Youzhi Li Dala.
After Wang Baobao succeeded to the throne, his sister Guanyinnu also followed his brother. Later facts proved that Wang Baobao was not only a fierce character, but also a military wizard, who not only took out the hearts of Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng to pay tribute to his righteous father, but also almost swept through the Yellow River Valley, and the Northern Red Turban Army was beaten by Wang Baobao.
In the twentieth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1360), Chen Youyi killed his superior Xu Shouhui and went down the river with the intention of attacking Zhu Yuanzhang; Zhang Shicheng was also fighting with Zhu Yuanzhang for Zhenjiang, Changxing and other places. Chen Youyu was in the west, Zhang Shicheng was in the east, and Wang Baobao in the north, Zhu Yuanzhang was attacked on three sides. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Zhu Yuanzhang planned to stabilize Wang Baobao first.
Ming Shi Vol. 120 Yun:
"Taizu is to send the messenger well, and the messenger is not sent." All seven letters are not answered. ”
Zhu Yuanzhang sent emissaries to Wang Baobao 7 letters one after another, saying that he wanted to "get along" with Wang Baobao, but Wang Baobao did not take care of Zhu Yuanzhang at all.
It turned out that Wang Baobao also did not wave his troops south, because another general of the Yuan Dynasty, Polo Timur, was also sent by Emperor Yuan Shun to suppress the rebellion, unfortunately, Polo Timur and Wang Baobao's righteous father Chahan Timur were sworn enemies, and as soon as he arrived in Henan, he sent troops to attack Wang Baobao's territory, and Wang Baobao was not willing to show weakness, and the two sides fought. The "History of the Yuan" records:
Each of them has a strong army on the outside, and with power, the quarrel is formed.
Therefore, when Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen Youyi and Zhang Shicheng were grabbing territory in the Yangtze River Valley, Wang Baobao and Polo Timur were attacking each other in the Yellow River Valley. In addition, Wang Baobao and his father's former subordinate Li Siqi were also infighting, and the two sides also fought several battles.
In this situation, Wang Baobao's sister Guanyinnu was initially in Yingzhou and later followed Wang Baobao to Henan, Shanxi and other places. On the way to follow his brother Wang Baobao's "Southern Expedition and Northern War", Guanyinnu also gradually grew up.
The second and second disasters were in Xu Da's hands, and he lost his boots and abandoned his sister and fled
Wang Baobao and his opponents fought for eight years, and because Emperor Yuanshun and the crown prince were also dividing, Wang Baobao could not get the support of Emperor Yuanshun. The imperial court did not support him, and of course he did not want to make a wedding dress for Polo Timur, so he preferred to defend Shanxi rather than attack Zhu Yuanzhang. Emperor Yuanshun repeatedly urged Wang Baobao to go south to "purge Jianghuai", but Wang Baobao was unmoved and even had plans to stand on his own. And these eight years are also the time when Zhu Yuanzhang unified the Yangtze River Basin.
In the first year of Wu (1367), after Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Zhang Shicheng, he sent someone to send a letter to Wang Baobao, hoping that Wang Baobao would surrender to King Wu (referring to Zhu Yuanzhang). As a result, Wang Baobao killed Zhu Yuanzhang's messenger.
What is not obtained is always the best, and the more Wang Baobao is like this, the more Zhu Yuanzhang wants to recruit him.
In July of that year, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da and Chang Yuchun on the Northern Expedition, and Xu, Chang, and others went northeast from the mountains and directly reached Tongzhou, where Wang Baobao saw that he was dead and could not be saved, and Emperor Yuanshun had to flee to the grasslands. After the Ming army occupied Dadu, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da to turn around and attack Shanxi, which was Wang Baobao's territory.
The first Ming Dynasty general to fight with Wang Baobao was Zhu Yuanzhang's Fa Xiao Tanghe, although Tang He's military ability was not as good as Xu and Chang'er's, but he was also a founding general, and as a result, Tang He and Wang Baobao only had one round of contact, and they were crippled by Wang Baobao, losing more than 10,000 people, if Tang He ran fast, his old life might have been accounted for.
In December of the first year of Hongwu, Xu Da took advantage of Wang Baobao's hasty march to ambush Wang Baobao in a large number of elite ambushes in Bao'an Prefecture, Hebei Province, and in this battle, Wang Baobao's army was almost completely destroyed. According to the Ming Chronicle, Volume IX:
The candle was lit in the tent, so that the two boys were kept in charge of the book, and the pawn did not know what to do, and he did not know what to do, and he did not finish it, and he stomped a foot, and yu came out of the tent, and he got a horse and rode away from the eighteenth.
When Xu Da launched the ambush, Wang Baobao had just set up camp, he was reading in the tent, and suddenly he was raided, Wang Baobao only had time to put on a boot, and he fled with 18 guards.
In this battle, Xu Da won completely. Not only did he capture more than 40,000 prisoners alive, but he also received two gifts: one was a boot that Wang Baobao did not have time to wear, and the other was Wang Baobao's sister Guanyinnu.
In the first month of Hongwu's second year, when Xu Da packed Wang Baobao's boots in a box and sent them to Nanjing with Guanyinnu, Zhu Yuanzhang was overjoyed.
It should be noted that after Guanyin Nu was sent to Nanjing, he did not give in, but Zhu Yuanzhang maintained a good patience, not only did not give her any embarrassment, but also gave her a courtyard to eat and drink. Because what Zhu Yuanzhang wanted was not her, but her brother Wang Baobao.
In December of the second year of Hongwu, Wang Baobao fled to Gansu and re-recruited the old troops, and soon after, Wang Baobao conquered Qingyang, and then led troops to attack Lanzhou, and although the Lanzhou defender Zhang Wen desperately defended the city, he was Wang Baobao's opponent, and Lanzhou was in a hurry. After Zhu Yuanzhang received the news, he was shocked and quickly sent Xu Da and Li Wenzhong's troops north in two ways, Xu Da went to Lanzhou to attack Wang Baobao, and Li Wenzhong directly attacked Yingchang.
After Xu Da rushed to Gansu and played against Wang Baobao for more than a month, neither side took advantage, Shi Zai:
(Xu Da) and Wang Baobao fought across a deep ditch, and the number of days was at war.
In order to deal with Wang Baobao, Xu Da sent people to ride to the upper wind outlet every night and constantly used gongs and drums to make noise to interfere with Wang Baobao, and for more than ten consecutive days, Wang Baobao's generals did not rest well every day and were sleepy. One day, the sound of gongs and drums was still there, but Xu Da and others were killed, and Wang Baobao once again collapsed.
Wang Baobao lost his armor this time, and he and his wife fled to the Yellow River on a horse. When the pursuing soldiers were approaching, Wang Baobao found a rotten wood by the river, and crossed the Yellow River with his wife holding this wood before escaping Xu Da's pursuit.
By the time Xu Daban returned to the dynasty, it had been four years since Hongwu. It was also in this year that Zhu Yuanzhang decided to marry Guanyin Nu to Zhu Zhu, the King of Qin.
Zhu Yuanzhang did this for a reason. Because at that time, the Prince of Northern Yuan ascended the throne for Emperor Zhaozong of Yuan. Earlier, when Xu Da and Chang Yuchun attacked Dadu, the crown prince had urgently summoned Wang Baobao to save the car, but Wang Baobao did not go to resist, so the two broke up. At present, Wang Baobao has been defeated twice, and there are not many people under his command, belonging to the "Fallen General". Zhu Yuanzhang was afraid that Wang Baobao and Yuan Zhaozong would once again hold the group, so he needed to give Wang Baobao a greater favor, hoping that Wang Baobao could "abandon the dark and cast light."
At that time, the favor that Zhu Yuanzhang could think of was to treat Wang Baobao's sister kindly and make him his daughter-in-law. Considering that the crown prince Zhu Biao was already married (even if he did not marry, Zhu Yuanzhang would not let the prince marry a foreign woman), and the second son Zhu Zhu had just turned 15 years old, Zhu Yuanzhang named Guanyin nu as the princess of Qin and held a wedding in October of that year.
Third, the Yuan daughter forcibly twisted to marry the King of Qin, and the concubine lost her position like a prisoner
In fact, before deciding to marry Guanyin nu to Zhu Zhu, Zhu Yuanzhang intended to let The daughter of the founding general and Duke Of Weiguo, Deng Yu, be his second daughter-in-law, and Zhu Zhu also liked The Tang clan very much. As a result, in order to show respect for Wang Baobao, Zhu Yuanzhang made Guanyin a concubine of the King of Qin, but instead made Deng a concubine of the King of Qin, which made zhu Zhu, the king of Qin, very unhappy.
According to the Records of the Ming Dynasty, Guanyinnu was very resistant when he learned that Zhu Yuanzhang was going to marry himself to his son. At that time, less than three months after the death of his grandfather Aruwen (Tsakhan Timur's father), Guanyinnu thought of two reasons to refuse marriage:
First, less than three months after her grandfather's death, if she married in the midst of filial piety, it was for filial piety.
Second, in ancient times, women's marriage has always paid attention to the fate of her parents, and the words of the matchmaker, although her parents are gone, need to get the consent of their brothers before they can get married.
However, Zhu Yuanzhang was anxious to promote this marriage, and Shangshu Tao Kai of the Ministry of Ceremonies tried to find a way to insist on completing the marriage as soon as possible. In this way, Guanyin Nu was forced to put on a wedding robe and sent to the cave room for the sake of Princess Qin.
In the booklet that crowned Guanyin nu as the princess of Qin, the Ministry of Rites said that Guanyin nu was "a famous and virtuous woman ... Obey the way of the woman, in order to help my family", in short, is a word of praise. In fact, the so-called "famous and virtuous women" were all said to Wang Baobao.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang had many children, and among his sons there were also many heroic and ambitious people, such as the eldest son Zhu Biao, who was very generous and old, the third son Zhu Tangbiao, who was fierce and arrogant, the fourth son, Zhu Di, who was able to fight well, but the second son, Zhu Zhu, who was a bit stubborn, not only slightly inferior in ability, but also extreme and stubborn.
According to the Records of Emperor Taizu, after Zhu Zhu and Guanyinnu got married, the relationship between husband and wife was very stiff. The two not only have no children, but even often quarrel with each other. The reason for this is that Zhu Zhu did not like "Mongolian women" in the first place, and even more because Guanyin Nu was unwilling to marry Zhu Zhu. Later, Deng Yu's daughter Deng Shi married Zhu Zhu as a side concubine, and Zhu Zhu favored Deng Shi alone. History:
The king listened to concubine Tang Shi and put the Concubine Wang clan in another place, delivering food and food with our utensils every day. Food and drink, etc., when the new fruit and wood, are not pure, there are the same prisoners. (From the Records of Emperor Taizu)
This means that after Zhu Zhu, the King of Qin, went to Xi'an to take the throne, he was with concubine Deng Shi every day. He imprisoned the Zhengfei Wang clan (referring to Guanyin Nu) elsewhere, and ordered people to send some unclean and fresh food to the Princess Wang of Qin every day with tattered utensils, and the Wang clan was like a prisoner in the Qin King's Mansion.
In addition, Zhu Zhu was vicious, he killed people in the fiefdom at every turn, and even sent people to the homes of the people to snatch more than a hundred boys and forcibly castrate them, and the people of Xi'an complained about him. In the palace, Zhu Zhu not only abused the Qin palace, but also killed slaves at every turn and cut off the old grandmother's tongue.
These things reached Zhu Yuanzhang's ears, and Zhu Yuanzhang was furious, and the Holy Will said that Zhu Zhu was "here today, he does not know about human affairs, and he is as stupid as a beast... If it is long after death, it is not for the fault of a brother, but for Ner to take it upon himself..."
Zhu Yuanzhang not only scolded Zhu Zhu for being inferior to the beasts, but also said that if Zhu Biao was to clean up Zhu Zhu after his death, it would be purely Zhu Zhu's own doing, and it was no wonder that his eldest brother was no wonder.
Twenty-three years after Hongwu, when Deng Yu had been dead for many years, li Shanchang, the Duke of Korea, was exterminated for his involvement in the Hu Weiyong case, and Deng Yu's eldest son Deng Ming was a relative of Li Shanchang (Deng Ming's wife was Li Shanchang's granddaughter), and Zhu Yuanzhang was implicated in Deng Ming. Hearing also that the King of Qin, Zhu Zhu , had abused Concubine Zheng by favoring concubine Deng Shi (Deng Ming's sister), he was furious and ordered That Tang Shi be killed.
Although Zhu Zhu was reluctant to the Tang clan, he could only watch as the Tang clan was strangled to death in the face of the envoys from the palace.
After The Death of The Tang Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also gave instructions to Zhu Zhu, Shi Zai:
The king of the three provinces treated the concubine Wang with courtesy, but the king did not listen to his father's teachings and still imprisoned the Wang clan in the palace. Because there was no master in the Qin King's Palace, no one watched and watched, so they indulged... When the old and young people saw it, they were worried about their lives
Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly stressed that Zhu Zhu should treat the Princess Wang of Qin with courtesy, but Zhu Zhu did not listen to his father's teachings. He angered the princess for The Death of the Tang Clan and still imprisoned the Princess in the palace. Because no one in the Qin Palace could advise Zhu Zhu, which caused Zhu Zhu to be more indulgent, the palace people were worried about their own survival when they saw the situation, and the Princess of Qin was worse off alive than dead.
Fourth, there is no love, only martyrdom
In the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu, Zhu Zhu successively tortured the palace people in various ways, some of whom had their tongues cut off, some of whom were buried in the snow and froze to death, some of whom were tied to trees and starved to death, and some of whom were burned to death by fire. History:
There are those who illegally punish the palaces, there are those who have cut off their tongues, there are those who tie their bodies and bury them in the deep snow to freeze the dead, there are those who are tied to trees to starve and kill, and there are those who burn the dead with fire. When the old and young people saw it, they were worried about their lives. So that the three old women, submerged in poison, people fried in the cherry, after taking it, did not move and died.
Three old women and servants finally decided to break the net, and they poisoned Zhu Zhu to death.
When Zhu Zhu died, he was only 40 years old, and after Zhu Yuanzhang heard about it, his mood was very complicated, and he gave Zhu Zhu the nickname "愍", Zhu Yuanzhang said:
"Woohoo! Guan Er's behavior has never been seen in ancient times! In the case of public law, sin is beyond reproach! ”
Zhu Yuanzhang sighed for Zhu Zhu and said that Zhu Zhu's death was still in the balance. However, after all, Zhu Zhu was Zhu Yuanzhang's son, and Zhu Yuanzhang was still protecting him in the final analysis, and he not only ordered the murderer to be exterminated of the Nine Tribes, but also ordered the burial of Zhu Zhu to be opened. According to the "Collection of Tishan Tang":
On the fourth day of the first month of April in the twenty-eighth year, the Wang clan was martyred by death, and the martyrdom was buried together in Hongguyuan...
Zhu Yuanzhang ordered all of Zhu Zhu's palace concubines to be buried for Zhu Zhu, including the Qin princess Wang.
Princess Qin survived the death of Zhu Zhu, the King of Qin, but did not escape Zhu Yuanzhang's strangulation.
According to Zhu Yuanzhang's holy will, after Wang's martyrdom, he was buried in the same tomb as Zhu Zhu. This loveless couple is destined to be bound together again.
There is no love, only martyrdom, this is the fate of Princess Qin.
In the early years, Zhu Yuanzhang asked everyone: "Who is the strange man in the world?" Someone replied that it was often spring. Zhu Yuanzhang replied:
"Although I am a master in the spring, I have to be subordinate." I can't be a vassal of Wang Baobao, and his people are strange men also. ”
This means that although Chang Yuchun is a master, I can make him submit to me. I can only accept Wang Baobao, he is the strange man in the world.
What you don't get, is always the best. Failing to recruit Wang Baobao was one of the three major regrets of Zhu Yuanzhang's life.
In fact, as early as the seventh year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Li Siqi to persuade Wang Baobao to surrender for the last time, and Wang Baobao cut off one of Li Siqi's arms, which was equivalent to completely extinguishing Zhu Yuanzhang's thoughts. Since then, Wang Baobao's news has disappeared from the grassland. Zhu Yuanzhang asked Zhu Zhu to treat Princess Qin kindly, just looking forward to the day when the news of Wang Baobao would come...
In the imperial family, Zhu Zhu's marriage was a chip, and Princess Qin was a chip reserved by Zhu Yuanzhang, but unfortunately, this chip has not been able to play a role. By the time Zhu Zhu died, Zhu Yuanzhang's life was almost at the end, and he had no hope for Wang Baobao, and he was distressed about his son, so he gave Guanyinnu a fate of martyrdom.
In the poem "Wei Feng Hao", it is described that a bitter wife will be beaten by her husband if she does not agree, and the brother is not only sympathetic, but also laughs at her. She calmed down and could only grieve herself. The original text is:
As for the violence. The brother did not know, and laughed. Quietly think about it, bow down to mourn.
Guanyin Nu, as the righteous daughter of Chakhan Timur and the sister of Wang Baobao, floated with her brother in the first half of her life, and was regarded as a chip in the second half of her life. Her true fate is not as dare to love and hate as Zhao Min in "The Book of the Dragon Slaughtering in the Heavens", nor is she as vicious as Princess Qin in "Mountains and Rivers Moon Ming", she is actually a woman who is tricked by fate.
Lu Xun has a sentence in the "Miscellaneous Essays on the Pavilion":
I have always believed that Zhaojun would be able to protect Sui when he joined the army, nor did I believe in the ancient words of Dai Ji's death of Yin, Xi Shi's death of Wu, and Yang Guifei's chaos of Tang...
Mr. Lu Xun means that in the ancient cultural environment and social background of advocating male power, there are only a few things that an ancient woman can do, but some men like to pin their hopes on women, and some men are accustomed to blaming women.
The protagonist of this article, Guanyin Nu, is actually this kind of role, she was "pinned high hopes" by Zhu Yuanzhang at the beginning, which is the source of her tragedy. Her tragic fate is caused by a variety of factors, which may not deserve everyone's sympathy, but it is worth thinking about for posterity.