Although Feng Yuxiang's reputation is not very good, he has the nickname of "General of defection", but he has the status of the elder of the Xinhai Revolution, the leader of the warlords in the northwest, the first-class general of the Republic of China government, and the brother of Chiang Kai-shek, and he has a pivotal position in modern Chinese history.
In July 1948, Feng Yuxiang was preparing to return to China to attend the new CPPCC meeting, but unfortunately was killed on the Soviet ship "Victory". As for the cause of Feng Yuxiang's death, since 1948, there have been many opinions, and there has never been a convincing conclusion. For death, Feng Yuxiang had long expected, looked very lightly, and in the first 5 months of his death on the Black Sea steamship in July, he wrote a will and explained the aftermath.
The mysterious death of Feng Yuxiang was inseparable from Chiang Kai-shek. Before embarking on the ship to return to China, Feng Yuxiang had a premonition that he would die, and the murderer was clear to everyone - Chiang Kai-shek. This can't help but make people a little strange, Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang are not brothers? How did it get to the point of sending people to assassinate? We must start with the counter-revolutionary things that Chiang Kai-shek did.
Both Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-shek were once disciples of Sun Yat-sen, but the difference is that Feng always retained a copy of Sun Yat-sen's thoughts in his heart, and Chiang completely abandoned this original belief in the face of selfish desires.
On February 18, 1928, Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-shek exchanged orchid scores. Many people do not understand what the orchid spectrum is, here is a special explanation: the orchid spectrum, also known as the golden orchid spectrum, in ancient times the brothers exchanged posts, writing the genealogy of their respective families. In fact, this is that both sides regard each other's family as the same, your parents are his parents, and his relatives are your relatives.
Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-shek's Orchid Spectrum are very different, Feng Ti: The true intention of the alliance is for the doctrine, and the corpses are broken, and it is not counted. Honor Jieshi as a brother Save. Feng Yuxiang mentioned doctrine, which means that the two worship was prompted by a common revolutionary belief. Jiang Ti: Fighting together in safety and danger, tasting bitterness and bitterness, the sea withering and rotting, life and death. Honor Huan Zhang as a brother Save. Chiang Kai-shek, on the other hand, only said that the two men shared wealth and safety.
The content of Lan Pu's writing is different, which is destined to turn against each other in the future. As for Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles and Three Major Policies, Feng Yuxiang vigorously supported and practiced them, but Chiang Kai-shek sometimes violated the three major policies under the banner of Sun Yat-sen. This was the source of their feud for nearly 20 years.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek carried out a counter-revolutionary coup d'état, killing and exiled thousands of Communists, and although Feng Yuxiang adopted Chiang Kai-shek's proposal to clean up the Party, he only sent away all the Communists found in his jurisdiction, where they loved to go.
Feng Yuxiang said to the people who invited them out: "I have no problem with you opposing Chiang Kai-shek, but now I need to unite with Chiang Kai-shek to fight Zhang Zuolin." You can't make trouble, so now you love to go wherever you want. Feng Yuxiang also gave them a living allowance, up to 1,000 yuan, the least 50 yuan.
The matter of cooperating in the Northern Expedition was decided as early as June 1926, and Feng Yuxiang could not give up. In June 1927, Chiang Kai-shek set off a white terror while promoting the Northern Expedition. Feng Yuxiang came from Zhengzhou, Henan to Huangkou, Anhui, and Chiang Kai-shek held a grand welcome ceremony for him.
The two embraced each other, and they both burst into tears and came to Xuzhou together. After that, the two began to praise each other, Jiang said that Feng was the "first hero of the Northern Expedition", and Feng said that Jiang was a "lifesaver". Although both have the intention of drawing each other together, it is still inappropriate to talk about fundamental interests. Jiang said that he wanted to clean up the party, and Feng agreed; but when Jiang asked Feng to march into Wuhan together, when he waded through muddy waters, Feng Yuxiang resolutely refused, saying that the Northern Expedition was unsuccessful for one day, and he had no heart to do anything else for a day.
In August 1927, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to go to Japan by the Warlords of the Gui clan. Feng Yuxiang vigorously supported Chiang Kai-shek's reinstatement, and in December of the same year, he signed a joint name with Yan Xishan to ask Jiang to reinstate him. In February 1928, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek not only reinstated himself as an official, but also went further, concurrently serving as chairman of the Political Conference of the Kuomintang Central Committee and chairman of the Military Commission.
Also in this month, Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-shek were married, with Feng as brother and Jiang as brother. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek also repaid The Favor and gave Feng Yuxiang the title of commander-in-chief of the 2nd Army.
In fact, in the final analysis, the alliance between Feng and Jiang was required for interests, and Chiang Kai-shek was willing to be small, also because Feng Yuxiang's northwest army was stronger than Chiang Kai-shek's central army. During the Northern Expedition, Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army suffered heavy losses and made remarkable achievements; but the Yan Xishan department, which was the weakest and made the smallest contribution, was secretly arranged by Chiang Kai-shek to receive Pingjin and accept it as a practical advantage of the territory.
For this matter, Feng Yuxiang was naturally not indifferent, and he pretended to be sick and asked for leave to show his dissatisfaction. When Chiang Kai-shek found out, he just laughed and ignored it, pretending not to know that he was pretending to be ill. After a few months had passed, Feng Yuxiang came to Nanjing and became a nominal minister of military affairs and political affairs, with a very large official, but he could not even check the accounts of military supplies, and Chiang Kai-shek was determined to regard him as a mascot.
At the beginning of 1929, Feng Yuxiang was arranged by Chiang Kai-shek to put together Yan Xishan--the policy of suppressing Feng, supporting Chiang Kai-shek, and Li Yan was put forward and implemented at the compilation and repatriation meeting. Feng Yuxiang returned to Kaifeng angrily, and Chiang Kai-shek personally sent him off. In March, Chiang Kai-shek went to war with the Gui clan, and in order to unite all the forces that could be united, Chiang promised Feng Yuxiang the position of president of the Executive Yuan, plus the territory of Hunan, Hubei, and Shandong provinces, and asked him to send troops.
As soon as Feng Yuxiang heard about this good thing, he rushed to go, saying that he could send 130,000 soldiers and horses to help Jiang Di. Unexpectedly, after the defeat of the Gui clan, Chiang Kai-shek not only rebelled and was not prepared to give the territory and official positions promised earlier, but also co-opted Feng's generals Han Fuqu and Shi Yousan to kill Feng Yuxiang himself and his concubines.
Yan Xishan was also prepared to fight with Feng Bu because of rumors spread by Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang colluding with the Soviet Union. Seeing the situation, Feng Yuxiang was not instigated, and was preparing to do a big job, but he did not expect that most of the forces under his command had been bribed by Chiang Kai-shek, and he was like the commander of the light pole. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek found a high-sounding reason, stripped Feng Yuxiang of all his posts and ranks, and demanded that the division arrest him be brought to justice. Unable to do anything, Feng Yuxiang wisely chose to end his political career in the field.
Feng Yuxiang, who had left the wilderness, wanted to take refuge abroad, but was put under house arrest by Yan Xishan, who was persuaded by Chiang Kai-shek. The situation in which Chiang Kai-shek's family was dominant was about to emerge, and Yan Xishan did not want such a situation to occur, so he encouraged Feng Yuxiang to send troops against Chiang Kai-shek, saying that he would provide all the necessary military resources. Unexpectedly, no sooner had the fighting begun, Chiang Kai-shek had promised a position as deputy commander of the navy, army, and air force, and Yan Xishan was again drawn away, and Feng Yuxiang, who was unable to support himself, once again failed to oppose Chiang Kai-shek.
At the end of 1929, Chiang Kai-shek sent emissaries to the Northwest Army, hoping that the two sides would cooperate (Feng Yuxiang was imprisoned by Yan Xishan at this time) to carry out the overthrow of Yan. In February 1930, Yan Xishan restored Feng Yuxiang's freedom as a sign of co-optation, and the two reconciled again and prepared to oppose Chiang again. The following month, Feng Yuxiang returned to Shaanxi and once again instigated an anti-Jiang war, this time they were also ready to win over Li Zongren, but the Gui clan had already seen through them, superficially echoed them, and secretly sat on the mountain to watch the tiger fight.
The war began in April, and in September Zhang Xueliang stepped in, resulting in the defeat of Feng Yan's combined army, and one of Feng Yuxiang's troops was also absorbed by Zhang Xueliang, and Feng Yuxiang once again went to the wilderness to live in seclusion. Old Feng, old Feng, I really don't know whether to say that you are naïve and messy, or to praise you for being frank and generous, being manipulated by Yan Xishan and Chiang Kai-shek, so that you can fiddle with them like tools, and there is no growth at all.
In the September 18 Incident in 1931, the Japanese Kou forcibly occupied the northeast and other places, and the leaders of the Northeast Army, Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek, both decided not to resist. At this time, Feng Yuxiang finally woke up to the fact that Chiang Kai-shek was the biggest obstacle to China's survival. Therefore, Feng Yuxiang contacted all the forces and reached an agreement to force Chiang Kai-shek to step down in December, and Feng also came to Nanjing to attend the Kuomintang congress.
A month later, in January 1932, Chiang Kai-shek was reinstated as an official, and Feng Yuxiang slipped into seclusion at Mount Taishan. In May 1933, Feng Yuxiang, who had disappeared from the world's vision for more than a year, became the commander-in-chief of the People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army. The next interesting thing that happened was that Chiang Kai-shek, by claiming that Feng Yuxiang was colluding with the Japanese, accused him of uniting with the Soviet Union, and then sent a large army to suppress the territory and force Feng Yuxiang to abandon the anti-Japanese action.
Feng Yuxiang refuted the telegram one by one throughout the country, but it was still useless, and he returned to Taishan to live in seclusion again. In October 1935, Chiang Kai-shek came to toss Feng Yuxiang again, pretending to be thirsty for talents, constantly generating electricity, inviting him to Come to Nanjing to discuss military and state affairs, and temporarily put aside his personal grievances.
After Feng Yuxiang arrived in Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek immediately came to visit in person, received him with solemn etiquette, and also set up a banquet at home to receive the wind, and only promised during the banquet, a little brother posture of what Feng said was what he said. That night, Chiang Kai-shek deliberately asked Feng Yuxiang to stay in his home. The wise reader should have thought of the purpose of chiang kai-shek's series of moves. Courtesy to people, there must be something to ask for, the old ancestor said this is not wrong at all.
Feng Yuxiang is the archway erected by Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek has taken a fancy to Feng Yuxiang's attitude of "the most humble, the most peaceful, and the most sincere.", to put it bluntly, it is to see him as a bully and want him to be a living target. A few days later, Feng Yuxiang was elected as a member of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang and soon became vice chairman of the Military Commission.
On the surface, Feng Yuxiang rose to the top and became the second most important person in the Kuomintang government after Chiang Kai-shek, but in fact Feng Yuxiang was a marionette who could only do what Chiang Kai-shek wanted him to do. The Kuomintang government is strictly a multi-party warlord coalition organization, and how much power you have in your hands depends on how strong the military strength under your command is. Feng Yuxiang's position of power is rootless duckweed, and Chiang Kai-shek wants to withdraw it when he wants to, all depending on old Chiang Kai-shek.
For example, Feng Yuxiang is the night pot in Chiang Kai-shek's eyes, which is very cool when it is taken out and used, but when it is not needed, it stinks, and it is not placed around at all, but how far it is placed.
Chiang Kai-shek constantly poured Feng Yuxiang with ecstasy soup, placed him in the central authorities, spoke out for himself, and fought for his rights and interests. Feng Yuxiang did play such a role. In the Xi'an Incident in December 1936, Feng Yuxiang tried to protect Chiang Kai-shek, and did not hesitate to make his decision to take him hostage and replace Chiang Kai-shek's imprisonment.
After being released, Chiang Kai-shek learned of the inside story and thanked Feng Yuxiang repeatedly. Whether it is a revelation of true feelings, a few points of revelation, this matter is really difficult to say.
I have to say that old Jiang's means of inviting people's hearts are really superb. Once, Feng Yuxiang went to Chiang Kai-shek's hometown in Xikou to mourn Chiang Kai-shek's half-brother Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek, and "by chance" saw that the poem he had given to Chiang Kai-shek on his 50th birthday was hanging on the wall of the hall, and he was extremely touched and joyful.
On the eve of the July 7 Incident, Feng Yuxiang felt that the all-out war of aggression against China was about to begin, wrote a will, and was ready to die on the battlefield at any time. In terms of anti-Japanese resistance, Feng Yuxiang was worthy of anyone. When the Anhui Incident occurred, Zhou Enlai met with Feng Yuxiang twice, and Feng said that he felt very sad and guilty. Feng Yuxiang wrote in his diary: The New Fourth Army's meritorious resistance to the War of Resistance, known to women and children, was wiped out by the government this time, and the government really had no way to save the people's opposition. Mr. Zhou is a person who knows the general body, understands the righteousness, and at the same time is very patient.
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Feng Yuxiang felt that his mission had been achieved and Sun Yat-sen's three major policies had been realized, and he had the idea of going abroad to relax his mood. During the negotiations in Chongqing, Feng Yuxiang advised Chiang Kai-shek: Don't think too much, don't do too much, there is no big problem now, don't listen to the bad boys.
Will Chiang Kai-shek listen? Chiang Kai-shek certainly would not listen. In June 1946, Chiang Kai-shek's division was unknown and launched an unprovoked attack on the Liberated Areas of the Central Plains. Feng Yuxiang was very disappointed when he learned of this, but he did not say anything. In August, Feng Yuxiang went to the United States on official business to inspect the water conservancy situation, and before leaving, he wrote to Chiang Kai-shek to advise him: Don't fight anymore, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party should talk about peace, set up industrial and mining, carry out democratic politics, do not restrict speech, form a coalition government, and develop and expand New China!
In May 1947, Feng Yuxiang saw that the civil war was intensifying, so he issued a "Letter to Compatriots in the Whole Country" in the United States, first, asking Chiang Kai-shek to cease war and establish a coalition government; second, calling on the United States not to aid and abett the abuse and support Chiang Kai-shek.
Feng Yuxiang's remarks did not set off too many waves, nor did they bring any changes to China. Just to cause controversy, the KmT's "Central Daily" immediately turned its lips to ridicule, accusing Feng Yuxiang of accepting money from our party, betraying the party, and being nailed to the pillar of historical shame. After Feng Yuxiang saw this report, he was so angry that he couldn't sleep, thinking about what was wrong with the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek.
On November 15, 1947, Feng Yuxiang, who was really angry, published an article entitled "Why I Broke with Chiang Kai-shek", in which he pointed out how unbearable the Kuomintang government really was: the United States should stop all aid to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek's regime is at the pinnacle of all corrupt governments in China.
Feng Yuxiang was also a well-known number one figure in the Republic of China period, and was one of the facades of the National Government in Nanjing for more than ten years. Therefore, at the end of 1947, the Nationalist government in Nanjing used harsh language and demanded that Feng Yuxiang return to China immediately. Feng Yuxiang was not stupid enough to go back to that point, and if he did not die, he would be imprisoned, so he ignored it.
In early 1948, Chiang Kai-shek withdrew all of Feng Yuxiang's official titles, expelled him from the party, and had the United States revoke Feng's passport. Chiang Kai-shek abandoned Feng Yuxiang, and the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee (the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang) turned around and elected Feng Yuxiang as a member of the Central Standing Committee and chairman of the Political Committee.
On February 10, 1948, Feng Yuxiang wrote a will and prepared to be assassinated by Chiang Kai-shek's agents, after all, Chiang Kai-shek's assassination methods were well-known throughout the country.
Feng Yuxiang's New York Will:
I. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's legacy, such as the document of the First Congress, is the policy of my friends.
Comrades should take the manifesto of the Revolutionary Committee and the recent manifesto of Mr. Mao Zedong and the NLD as guidelines.
Third, we must be convinced that anti-imperialism, anti-feudalism, anti-civil war, anti-hunger are our goals and will be successful.
Fourth, Chiang Kai-shek is the feudal leader and the dog of imperialism, and he must be shoveled clean.
Fifth, I have nothing, there are several houses, all handed over to Mrs. Li Dequan.
When I die, it is better to burn it to ashes and throw it into the Pacific Ocean. If there is democracy and peace in the country, and a real coalition government is formed, it will still be buried six feet deep to plant trees, and my fertilizer will not be wasted, and the trees will grow in the future so that they can be used for schools and libraries to make tables and chairs.
As for my children, although there are still those who have not yet graduated, as long as they can love themselves and have hands, they will not starve to death.
In April, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to convene a new CPPCC and prepare for the establishment of a new coalition government, so it invited Feng Yuxiang to return to China to participate. In July, with the help of Zhou Enlai's careful arrangements and the Soviet Embassy in the United States, Feng Yuxiang prepared to return to China via the Soviet Union. On July 31, Feng Yuxiang and his party boarded the Soviet ship "Victory"; on September 1, the ship was moving smoothly in the Black Sea, when it suddenly caught fire, and Feng Yuxiang was suffocated to death by smoke.
The Victory was a Soviet ship, but Feng Yuxiang was a very important politician in China, and the news of his death did not reach China until 5 days later, and the newspapers only reported it; why was the announcement of the death so delayed?
Feng Yuxiang died on the film watching the movie suddenly caught fire, and everyone else ran out, but Feng Yuxiang sat in a chair and was smothered alive.
Judging from the casualty data of the fire, 19 women died, 15 teenagers under the age of 16, and only 6 adult men died. It can be seen that men have a low mortality rate, and they can easily escape by virtue of their physical advantages.
Although Feng Yuxiang was 66 years old at that time, he was also a battle-hardened fighter, and his reaction and action were not inferior to some young men, but he sat on a chair and was smoked to death. It is also strange that a Soviet state security officer also died in the fire.
When news of Feng Yuxiang's death spread back home, Chiang Kai-shek's "tongue-in-cheek," the "Salvation Daily," issued a vicious comment before the news of Feng Yuxiang's exact death was confirmed: The rebellious king Feng Yuxiang had obeyed heaven's curse.
To say that Feng Yuxiang's death has nothing to do with Chiang Kai-shek, not only do we as descendants do not believe it, but also those old departments of Feng Yuxiang at that time do not dare to believe it. Feng Yuxiang, who had been healthy all his life and had no patients, died like this? Everyone was skeptical, and decided that there must be catnip in it.
Because of Feng Yuxiang's death, Chiang Kai-shek was so powerful that many insiders did not dare to tell the truth, until the summer of 1982, when Lai Yali, Feng Yuxiang's personal secretary for many years, met with Feng Yuxiang's son and daughter-in-law, Feng Hongda and Yu Huaxin, in Qingdao, revealing an insider story that had never been told before: Regarding the cause of Feng Yuxiang's death, the Soviet Union mentioned in its last report that the fire on the ship was caused by high explosives, but this report was not published.
This is enough to determine that the death of General Feng Yuxiang was definitely not a natural disaster, but a human murder. As for why Lai Yali only talked about it in 1982, it should be afraid of retaliation by Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo's father and son, after all, these two people are already familiar with the assassination of patriots and are commonplace.
Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek had too many good reasons to murder Feng Yuxiang, and just because he wanted to return to China to participate in the preparation of the CPPCC, Chiang Kai-shek was eager to get rid of Feng Yuxiang. I have to say that General Feng Yuxiang's failure to return to China smoothly and participate in the CPPCC is really a major regret for New China.