On March 12, the "Notice" newly issued by the Ministry of Education pointed out that in terms of deepening the reform of the content of the examination, the proposition of the 2021 college entrance examination should adhere to the principle of building morality and strengthening the examination and guidance of the all-round development of students' morality, intellectual, physical and aesthetic work.
It is necessary to optimize the design of the situation, enhance the openness and flexibility of the test questions, give full play to the educational function and positive guiding role of the college entrance examination propositions, and guide students to reduce the phenomenon of rote memorization and "mechanical brushing".
First, the six major requirements of the 2021 college entrance examination proposition
The 2021 college entrance examination proposition will continue to firmly and correctly pursue the correct political direction, closely focus on the core functions of the college entrance examination, take a good "Lide tree people a lesson" do fine service selection of talents a ruler "tree good" guide teaching a flag "to achieve scientific design of examination content, optimize the college entrance examination selection function, strengthen the ability of intention and literacy orientation.
The propositions of the discipline of history should embody the new spirit and new expositions of the Nineteenth National Congress and the plenary sessions of the college entrance examination, embody the educational function and political mission of "strengthening the education of the core value system" and "enhancing the social sense of students" of the college entrance examination, and persist in infiltrating the examination of innovative thinking and learning ability into the whole process of propositions, implement the propositional requirements of "emphasizing thinking, reapplying, and emphasizing innovation", and make the college entrance examination shift from "answering test questions" to "solving problems".
There are 6 major requirements for the college entrance examination proposition
Requirement 1 The design of the test questions does not exceed the requirements of the "New Curriculum Standards", "China College Entrance Examination Evaluation System and Instructions" and teaching materials.
Requirement 2 Test Questions are required to be scientifically standardized, clearly targeted, and academically uncontroversial. The proposed situation and questioning of the topic should be scientific, credible, novel and flexible, and the expression method should be reasonable, effective, accurate and concise.
The core content and backbone knowledge of the subject examined in the 3 test questions are required to have reasonable coverage and proportion, reflecting the principle of linking theory with practice.
Requirement 4 test questions should have a high degree of credibility, validity, necessary differentiation and appropriate difficulty, and the difficulty ratio should be reasonably configured.
It is required that the stem of the 5 multiple choice questions should be centered around a center, and the relationship between the options should be consistent, the effectiveness and confusing performance of the interference items reflect the typical errors of the candidates, the structure and language length of each option should be generally consistent, and the distribution of the correct options of each question should be basically uniform.
Requirements 6 non-multiple choice questions test the main and important high-level subject capabilities, and the amount of answers and the amount of thinking and the assigned score should be reasonable.
Second, the ten principles of the 2021 college entrance examination proposition
1. The direction is clear, the intention is clear, the scene is novel, and it is close to reality
The proposition of the college entrance examination should reflect the theme of the times and carry forward the spirit of the times. The test questions should use new materials, new situations, and new problems that embody the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, package the content of the examination, and adhere to the principle of "information entry and ability examination".
2. Examine the basics, change the situation, ask questions about science, and pay attention to innovation
The high examination questions have the characteristics of "emphasizing the foundation, emphasizing application, emphasizing current affairs and emphasizing life". Every year, the basic knowledge is mainly examined, and there are not many ups and downs, and the background material and the angle of the question are changed. The same test point knowledge, this year's situation, next year's situation, this year's question, next year's question, new but not different, crossed without deviating, innovating every year, often testing new.
3. Easy to get in and out, small road, layer by layer, step by step is difficult
In order to ensure the selection function of the college entrance examination, the test questions must have a good degree of differentiation. The more difficult questions, the candidates generally enter the question easier, and then will find that there are many ways to solve the problem, the way is very wide, but the narrower and narrower, more and more difficult. The test questions are set up layer by layer, interlocking, and each question must stop a group of candidates, and only the best can go to the end.
4. The material is outside, the answer is inside, the thinking is examined, and the ability is reflected
The college entrance examination proposition does not leave traces of textbook versions, and strange and even cutting-edge background materials are not in textbooks, but the knowledge of the examination center is the content required by the syllabus. Candidates have less time to read questions in the examination room, less time to do questions, more time to think about questions, "thinking" is thinking, and the high examination questions are to examine students' thinking quality, thinking procedures and thinking methods, and then reflect the candidates' key abilities and subject literacy.
5. Reflect the national conditions, be fair and just, and be familiar with the test and hit the soft ribs
When preparing each test question, the propositioner must consider the region and ethnicity of the mainland and other factors, and strive to be fair to every candidate. The so-called "test of proficiency by students" is to use unfamiliar problem situations to test familiar knowledge, no one has seen, has not done, and the teacher has not talked about it, such problems can test the ability of students, and is the group "soft underbelly" of candidates.
6. The starting point is very high, and the building is very high; The landing point is low, and the college entrance examination is returned
Some issues in the evaluation system, such as politics, seem to be raised to the general manager, the chairman of the board, or even the county chief and mayor. Physical chemistry and other science questions are cutting-edge scientific research topics, and even Nobel Prize-winning questions, the starting point is very high, but the answers will not exceed the requirements of the college entrance examination evaluation system, and the landing point is very low.
7. Key compulsory examinations, main trunk multiple examinations, second point rotation examinations, supplementary point selection examinations
Key knowledge key examination, key knowledge annual examination, non-key knowledge rotation examination. The proposition of the college entrance examination first sets the key content and level requirements of the examination, so that the main knowledge supporting the discipline can maintain a high frequency of examination, and the examination points supplemented by the new examination outline should be selectively examined, so as to carry out the examination network and broaden the examination space.
8. Common good test, personality difficult test, open test questions, exploration and innovation
The college entrance examination should also pay attention to the examination of commonality and personality, the common examination is relatively easy, and the personality examination is more difficult, so the high examination questions must increase the inquiry, expand the openness, reflect the innovation, from a unique perspective to the discipline knowledge for multi-faceted, in-depth examination, reflect the candidate's personality quality and sense of innovation, and encourage answers with unique insights, ideological level, and innovative spirit.
9. Cut in small mouths, dig deep, see the big in the small, and penetrate the thinking
The test questions often start from a relatively small point, requiring candidates to eliminate interference, see the big in the small, and through the surface phenomenon, from the essence to understand the problem, analyze the problem, solve the problem. This is actually an examination of the penetration and profundity of thinking, in addition to the basic questions, the rest of the test paper needs a large amount of thinking to penetrate the surface and touch the essence.
10. Master the theory, apply what you have learned, and focus on application
Only by integrating theory with practice can we learn and be useful, and the disciplinary value of the high examination questions lies in the "applicability" of knowledge, and using knowledge to solve problems is exactly the purpose of the proposition. The humanities should be combined with the hot issues of social and political life and economic life, and the natural sciences should be closely related to the reality of production and life and the development of science and technology, so that the examination questions of this discipline are more practical, applied and disciplined.
Third, looking forward to the comprehensive (historical) proposition of the national volume of the 2021 college entrance examination, there are the following predictions:
1. "Core values" run through the proposition of the college entrance examination
Persisting in examining the core values of socialism and emphasizing the positive aspects of social development is a common concept adhered to in various disciplines such as language and mathematics. After years of accumulation, the new high school entrance examination questions no longer avoid hot spots, but directly face hot spots, and realize zero-distance contact between politics and life. Judging from the intention of the 2020 college entrance examination proposition, the proposition of the coming year will undoubtedly pay special attention to the major themes of the times. The comprehensive realization of a moderately prosperous society is a major political theme in 2020, and it is also a major event of concern to the people of the whole country.
The major social reality topics in 2021 include: 100 years of the founding of the Party, the phased victory in the fight against the epidemic, the poverty alleviation, the great achievements of a well-off society, the research of quantum science and technology (and other cutting-edge achievements in science and technology), the excellent traditional Culture of China, the layout of physical beauty and labor (combined with the latest series of education evaluation reform plans released in succession, the 2021 sports and aesthetic labor must be the focus of the theme), the 70 years of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 40 years of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (Special Economic Zone), the international situation (there has been no major change in a hundred years), the double cycle and the 14th Five-Year Plan, etc.
Among them, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party should be the focus of attention. Students should pay attention to the major events around them, understand the superiority of the socialist system, and deeply grasp the great achievements of the Chinese Communist Party in changing Chinese society. Students need to have a clear understanding of the glorious history of the Communist Party of China and the tremendous achievements in socialist construction in order to do a good job. Of course, students also need to master the accurate language of the discipline, so that they can be reasonably elaborated and concisely expressed. In carrying forward the main theme of the times, reflecting the positive energy of society, and the main theme of the times, the discipline of history will combine the actual topics to create a situation and produce more test questions that embody this core concept.
2. Strengthen key competencies and thinking qualities
The examination of subject literacy and ability is the primary goal of the future college entrance examination. Although the high examination questions are innovated year after year, the main head of the high examination paper, or the most important examination point is the ability to think in the discipline, which is a measurement goal that cannot be changed. From the perspective of educational surveying, the goal of key measurement should be to maintain a certain degree of continuity. From the perspective of the 2020 proposition, the examination paper pays special attention to the overall examination of the content of the trinity of core literacy, subject ability and necessary knowledge. For the discipline of history, from the perspective of the propositioner, the quality of disciplinary thinking and the appropriateness of the measurement validity are the important criteria for judging the quality of the examination paper.
3. Pluralistic, flexible and open situational propositions
For many candidates, the first feeling is that the novelty, diversity and openness of the situation have greatly increased. The diversity and openness of the test question design situation are increased, the purpose is to overcome the drawbacks of examining knowledge, and turn to the examination of students' subject literacy and thinking ability, so that students have a lot of free space for thinking and answering questions, and reduce the traditional limit of the only standard answer.
The 42nd question of the national I volume of the 2020 college entrance examination is an open test question, and by increasing the pertinence of subjective questions, the history test questions have strengthened the examination of language expression and organizational exposition ability. Students are required to formulate a title that can reflect a certain characteristic of the period according to the characteristics of a certain historical period in ancient China, and to demonstrate it in concise, generalized and logical language, and to test the language organization, logical thinking, writing and expression ability, and the clarity and reasonableness of the expression account for a certain proportion of the candidate's final score.
We can find from the context design of the test paper that the propositioner tries to give students a situation to solve life problems and scientific research problems, so that students can solve problems with their own knowledge and ability, rather than answering knowledge and memorizing knowledge. This is an important development direction for future propositions, and the flexible and changeable situation is the key carrier for the landing of the concept of college entrance examination.
Fourth, in a nutshell, the 2021 college entrance examination proposition will show the following characteristics:
1. Smooth transition.
In terms of ability objectives, examination content, test paper structure, question type and other aspects, the old high examination paper strives to maintain the benchmark with 2020, reasonably design the difficulty gradient of the test questions, maintain the overall difficulty of the test paper, and maintain the fairness of the test.
2. Highlight the ability.
Highlight the examination of subject literacy and high-level thinking ability, especially strengthen information recognition and processing, logical reasoning and argumentation, scientific inquiry and practice, language expression and writing, innovation and critical thinking, etc.
3. Stick to the hot spots.
Pay attention to major social reality issues, historical events and scientific frontiers, including but not limited to the 100 years since the founding of the Party, the institutional advantages of the phased victory in the fight against the epidemic, the great achievements of a moderately prosperous society, quantum science and technology research (and the frontiers of science and technology), China's excellent traditional culture, ecological civilization, vaccine research and development, modernization of national governance capabilities, double circulation and the 14th Five-Year Plan.
4. Focus on practice.
In addition to the major social issues in the previous article, the proposition of the college entrance examination will closely follow the practice scenes of life, society and science, and strengthen the examination of scientific experiments, historical and cultural scenes, and sports practice.
5. Set up a situation.
Situational questions have become the basic principles of the college entrance examination propositions, mainly from the "life science practice" and "major social hotspots" to select the situation, to test the ability of students to solve practical problems and engage in scientific research, the openness and inquiry of the test questions will be further increased.