A white swan flies in the sky, elegant and beautiful.
Suddenly, a mighty Hai Dongqing swooped down on the swan and grabbed the swan's head. The swans resisted, spread their wings and flew...
In the "Why China" exhibition, a "White Cloud Sculpture Spring Water Tupei" vividly recorded this scene. This section also has a poetic name "Chunshui Qiushan Jade", which shows the jade work of the Khitan people using jade as a medium to express the custom of "four times bowl".
There is a word on the display board called "four-hour bowl", let's take a look at what it means. The so-called "捺钵" is a Khitan language, also translated as Naba, Nabao, Nabao, 剌钵, etc., which is equivalent to the Chinese meaning of the "walking place" or "xingxing dun stay" in the Place where the emperor travels. According to the "Liao Shi Ying Wei Zhi Shang", "There is a Liao Shi Da, set up Yu Mi, and there are palace guards, which are called Hu Lu Duo, and there is a camp, which is called a bowl." In the "Liao Shi Ying Wei Zhi", it is also written: "The Liao kingdom has a desert, and the territory of the Great Wall is immersed, and it is appropriate to rule it." Autumn and winter are cold, spring and summer are summer, and fishing with water and grass is commonplace. At four o'clock, each has a place to go, which is called 'holding a bowl'. ”
"Bowl" itself refers to the palace, camp special noun, is extended to refer to the emperor's four seasons of fishing and hunting activities, that is, the so-called "spring water autumn mountain, winter and summer bowl", collectively known as "four hours bowl".
"Spring bowl" or "spring water", indicating that spring fishing is in the water, generally includes two contents: "fishing head fish" and "headhunter goose". "Fishing for head fish" is mostly carried out in Luodian, thirty miles northeast of Changchun Prefecture. At the beginning of the first month, the emperor's car tent departed from Liaoshangjing, and after arriving at the Duck River, he first set up a tent on the ice and chiseled the ice to catch fish. Before fishing begins, people are sent to intercept fish on and downstream of the river to prevent them from escaping. Catching the first fish, that is, setting up a banquet with wine in the big tent, the emperor ordered the chiefs of the Jurchen tribes who came to congratulate him to sing and dance in turn, and the birthday was happy. The "Head Fish Feast" in the second year of Liao Tianqing was recorded in history due to the refusal of the Jurchen tribal leader Wanyan Aku to dance, and finally defeated the Liao Dynasty to establish the Jin Dynasty.
The "headhunter goose" occurs when the weather is warmer and the swans fly north, and the swans are caught by the lake with Hai Dongqing. After the emperor got the first goose, he first offered the temple and sacrificed the ancestors, and then the courtiers each offered wine and fruit, and drank and enjoyed themselves. "White Cloud Sculpture Spring Water Tupe" reflects this scene. Li Shizhen recorded in his book "Compendium of Materia Medica" that "carved out Liaodong, the most handsome one is called Haidongqing". Haidongqing is the "god of ten thousand eagles" in the Khitan language, a treasure and status symbol exclusive to the nobility. The Jurchen tribal leader Guanyan Aku was determined to rebel against the Liao Dynasty, which was also related to Haidongqing.
"Autumn Bowl" or "Autumn Mountain" refers to the autumn hunting in the mountains, and the main location is in the "Fuhu Forest, fifty miles northwest of Gyeongju". Gyeongju is not the place referred to in the Korean movie "Gyeongju", but now in Inner Mongolia Bahrain Right Banner Sobo RigaSumu, Liaomuzong Yelüjing is very fond of this beautiful landscape, and even "bowls" in this area all year round. "Fuhu Forest", as the name suggests, is the forest where tigers were shot, which shows how good the ecological environment here was. In addition to hunting tigers, there are also arrangements for shooting deer. In the middle of the night, when the hunters blew their horns to imitate the deer's song, the deer began to run, and the royal family and high-ranking officials hid in the mountains and forests in advance to shoot deer. This activity is a bit bloody, so in the "Autumn Mountain Jade", there are more scenes of deer strolling in the forest, eating grass and other leisure scenes, such as the "white jade oak tree double deer pattern ornament" and "white jade carving Autumn Mountain deer figure inlay" and so on.
Jade culture is an important part of Chinese civilization, the ancient people pei jade, not only for simple decoration, but also to express a kind of human spiritual world and self-cultivation. "Spring Water And Autumn Mountain Jade", with vivid natural scenes such as swans flying out of their wings and deer strolling in the forest, truly reflects the real life of the Khitan people at four o'clock, fresh and full of vitality. Completely abandoning the Han culture's enthusiasm for themes such as gods and monsters, cloud patterns, and echo patterns, the "etiquette" has been greatly reduced, and the taste of "play" has increased greatly, reflecting the distinct era style and national characteristics of the Jin Dynasty jade, creating a peak in the realist creative style and level in the history of Chinese national jade carving art.