The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Central Rural Work Conference proposed to comprehensively implement the strategy of rural revitalization, elevate it to a strategic height, and write it into the Party Constitution, placing agricultural and rural work in a more important position. In addition to poverty alleviation, rural revitalization is now a new challenge for the party in the new era, and the task is arduous, obstructive and long. At present, there are some problems in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, which need to be studied and improved:
The first is to blindly follow the trend and rush to achieve results. Rural revitalization cannot be achieved overnight, this is a protracted battle, a small number of places are eager to achieve success, simply follow the trend, lack of overall planning of the whole territory of rural revitalization work. For example, in the development of rural tourism, there are generally homogeneous, disorderly development and other phenomena, mostly leisure vacations, experience farms, pastoral picking and children's play projects, resulting in a lack of freshness in the experience of tourists, and the attraction is not strong. Each village has its own uniqueness, a key, a lock, so the rural revitalization work also needs front-line workers to combine the actual situation of the village, scientific planning, and innovative model.
The second is the one-sided pursuit of scale. Some localities have one-sidedly pursued the expansion of the scale of rural industries, which has aggravated the homogeneous competition and overcapacity problems of rural industries. With the expansion of industrial scale and the growth of quantity, the problem of many rural industries, including characteristic agriculture, being large but not strong has quickly become prominent. The one-sided pursuit of the expansion of industrial scale has also led to a decline in the overall quality of agricultural products, a weakening of competitiveness, "bad money expelling good money", and some high-quality products are affected by inferior products, resulting in a decline in reputation and reputation.
Third, there is a shortage of talent in rural areas. Talent is indispensable for rural revitalization. Cities are developing rapidly, and many villages are "aging" and "hollowing out". Although college students and village officials, village cadres and first secretaries stationed in villages can solve the problem of insufficient talents in rural areas to a certain extent, the ultimate goal of some of these people entering the countryside is to leave the countryside. In addition, rural education resources are scarce, the talent introduction mechanism is not perfect, the incentive policy is not attractive enough, even some villages with better conditions cannot retain young people, and the continuous outflow of talents makes it difficult to guarantee human resources for rural development.
At present, cities attract talents through settlement, housing, finance, public services and other means, but there are still not many specific measures on how to attract talents to the countryside. Some policies focus more on attracting talent to return to their hometowns than on going to the countryside, thus limiting the scope of talent. In promoting the strategy of rural revitalization, how to attract and retain talents in rural areas, and how to change the trend of one-way flow of rural talents to cities is the top priority.
Fourth, there is insufficient funding for rural development. From the perspective of the main participants, at present, it is still dominated by government departments, relying on administrative means and financial resources as the main support for winning the battle against poverty. Today's rural revitalization has a wider scope, especially industrial revitalization, and the huge capital demand is difficult to meet through financial funds, and social capital is needed to play a more important role. However, the agricultural sector is not the first choice for social capital, and there are more investment concerns. First, social capital investment needs land support, but many elements are not clear, such as whether there are more than enough land use indicators, whether the land planning is updated, whether the nature of the land is clear, etc.; second, the homogenization of rural industries is high, the return cycle of agricultural investment is long, the risk is high, and it is susceptible to policy influences. Therefore, how to encourage other market players and the entry of social resources is the key to the next step of development.
In view of the above problems, it is recommended to expand the high-quality development path of rural revitalization from the following aspects.
The first is to optimize the layout and create high-quality products. Optimize the industrial layout, closely follow the needs of the masses, and accurately implement policies to drive farmers to increase production and income. Make full use of the characteristics of the resource endowments of each village, take "one village, one product and one industry" as the premise, further clarify the direction and focus of the village's industrial development, and guide the transformation of the village to the direction of differentiated industrial development through combing and planning. In addition, we should also pay attention to green development, promote the scientific use of pesticides, promote the zero growth and reduction of chemical fertilizers, promote the construction of green production demonstration bases, etc., and strengthen the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products, so that the quality of agricultural products is reassuring. Accurate investment promotion, the introduction of high-quality leading enterprises, increase support for key agricultural enterprises, through enterprise guidance, accelerate the scale and standardization of agriculture, and drive farmers to achieve the transformation and upgrading of agricultural production and sales industrialization.
The second is to improve facilities and enhance the environment. Accelerate the construction of rural roads, promote the work of tap water entering villages and households, accelerate the implementation of the transformation of old pipe networks, and effectively solve the problem of rural water difficulties. Vigorously promote the improvement of the rural living environment, through the implementation of the rural "toilet revolution", rural garbage treatment action, rural sewage treatment action, farm house rectification action, village appearance improvement action and other "one revolution and four actions", comprehensively improve the rural environment and create beautiful villages. The key to the integration of urban and rural areas is the improvement of the quality of rural construction, and only from "the beauty of one family" to "the beauty of the whole village" is it more conducive to talents going to the countryside and returning to their hometowns.
The third is to revitalize the stock and make rational plans. Constrained by ecological environmental protection, farmland protection and various construction land indicators, it is difficult to break through the construction land for rural revitalization in the short term. At the same time, with the increasingly serious problem of rural hollowing, there are a large number of idle homesteads in many villages, some of which have become dangerous houses because they have not been inhabited for a long time, and some have been affected by the lack of orderly planning in the early days, affecting the construction and maintenance of public facilities in the village. Therefore, priority can be given to how to revitalize the resource stock in the village, especially the idle homestead resources, collective construction land with clear property rights, etc., explore the multi-village joint organization model, break the boundaries of administrative villages, coordinate the layout of each village in the region, highlight their respective development priorities and characteristics, achieve spatial dislocation development, and form a synergy.
The fourth is orderly guidance and diversified input. Increase support, introduce more specific support measures, leverage social capital and financial capital through fiscal funds, create a cooperation platform, let social capital "show its skills" in rural areas, let financial capital "go down" to villages, benefit farmers, and then let farmers be willing to invest their own funds in rural revitalization construction, mobilize the strength of all parties, and solve the dilemma of insufficient rural funds.
Fifth, cultural revitalization, casting soul and concentrating. Rural revitalization must not only shape but also cast the soul. Break the function of single agricultural production in traditional rural areas, dig deep into rural cultural resources, give agricultural products rural cultural connotations, and improve the cultural taste of agricultural products. Carry out in-depth development and utilization of rural cultural resources with distinct regional characteristics, protect and repair characteristic rural buildings and cultural relics, and let nostalgia have a "home", such as Xiamen can inherit the culture of southern Fujian as the focus, create overseas Chinese culture, etc., so as to promote the prosperity of rural culture and provide spiritual motivation, intellectual support and moral nourishment for rural revitalization.
Source: Ministry of Finance website
Original title: Xiamen Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Finance: Thoughts, Suggestions on Rural Revitalization in the New Era