In 2022, major diseases and pests of corn in China are expected to recur. thereinto
The occurrence area of grassland nocturnal moth is mainly concentrated in the corn planting area south of the Yangtze River;
The overall incidence of armyworm is moderate, and there will be concentrated hazards in the north and southwest;
Maize borer occurs more heavily in the summer maize area of Huanghuaihai and moderately occurs in northeast, north China and southwest China;
Maize large and small spot disease occurs more heavily in parts of northeast, north China and southwest China;
There is a risk of more prevalence of southern maize rust in the summer maize producing areas of Huanghuaihai.
In order to do a good job in the technical guidance of the prevention and control of major diseases and pests in corn in 2022, this plan is specially formulated.
Prevention and control objectives
Focus on the prevention and control of grassland moths, corn borers, armyworms, cotton bollworms, underground pests, large spot diseases, small spot diseases, southern rust and other diseases and insect pests, the overall prevention and treatment rate is more than 90%, the green prevention and control coverage rate is more than 50%, and the overall damage loss of diseases and insect pests is controlled within 5%.
Infographic
Prevention and control strategies
Adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention, zoning policies, and joint prevention and control, and carry out the integrated promotion and application of green prevention and control technologies according to local conditions to improve quality and efficiency. Adopt ecological regulation and agronomic measures, select disease- and insect-resistant varieties, and adopt seed treatment, disease and pest control at the seedling stage, conservation and utilization of natural enemies and green control technologies for diseases and insects in the middle and late stages to ensure the safety of corn production.
Prevention and control priorities
Southwest and south hilly corn areas.
Focus on the prevention and control of grassland night moth, corn borer, armyworm, blight, large spot disease, gray spot disease, and ear rot.
Prevention and control measures
(1) Soil-borne diseases such as root rot, silk smut disease and stem rot.
Disease-resistant varieties and healthy seeds are selected, and seed treatment agents containing ingredients such as fine methylacetonitrile, phenyl ether methylcyclazole, pyrazole ether ester or pentazole are used to mix or coat seeds. Avoid frequent flood irrigation and drain the field water in time after heavy rains.
(2) Underground pests such as grubs, small ground tigers, golden needle worms, and seedling pests such as thrips, aphids, two-point nocturnal moths, and beet moths.
Stubble extermination or stubble removal before sowing, remove the mulch on the corn sowing ditch, use neonicotinoid insecticides containing thiazoramine, thiamethoxam and other neonicotinoid insecticides and chloranthab benzamide, bromocyanate amide or butylthioxyl Budweiser compound seed treatment or coating, and treat the late double-spotted long tarsal firefly.
(3) Maize large spot disease, small spot disease, southern rust, brown spot disease, curvular spore leaf spot disease, northern anthrax and other leaf diseases.
Select disease-resistant (disease-resistant) varieties, reasonable dense planting, fitness cultivation. In the initial stage of the disease, spray fungicides such as Bacillus subtilis, Jinggangmycin A, phenoxymethazole, pyrazole ether ester, propylicin acetolate, and spray once every 7 to 10 days according to the incidence.
Corn Iron Beetle Infographic
(4) Grassland nocturnal moths, corn borers, armyworms, cotton bollworms, peach borers and other insects that feed on insects.
Straw crushing and returning to the field to reduce the number of insect source bases; use lamp-lure and food-inducing binding pheromones to trap and kill adult insects; release natural enemies such as borer yellow red-eyed bees, pine caterpillar red-eyed bees, corn borer red-eyed bees or nocturnal moth black egg bees to destroy eggs in the early stage of egg laying; Larvae are preferentially selected in the stage of young age and low density of larvae, such as Thuringiensis, Coccidioid albicans, Kale nocturnal moth karyosteric polyhedrovirus, scarab beetle, short stable bacillus and other biological pesticides, emergency control can choose tetrachlorofenamide, chlorhexabenz benzamide, methylaminoavitab benzoate, ethyl polybactericides, Indigovirus and other insecticides. Seize the optimal prevention and control period for young larvae to implement unified prevention and control and joint prevention and control.
(5) Corn blight.
Select disease-resistant (disease-resistant) varieties and plant them reasonably. Seed treatment agents containing thiofuramide are selected to mix seeds or coat, peel off the disease-susceptible leaf sheath at the base of the stem at the beginning of the disease (when the corn is jointed), spray germicides such as gangamycin A, and spray once every 7 to 10 days according to the incidence.
Specialized unified defense and rule technology
(1) Straw treatment, deep ploughing stubble eradication technology.
By means of comprehensive utilization of straw, crushing and returning to the field, deep ploughing of soil, and pre-sowing stubble eradication, the treatment of remnants of land diseases and residues from the field was seriously caused, and the source base of diseases and insects was depressed.
(2) Adult booby trap technology.
In the feathering stage of adult pests with strong phototropism such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, booby traps are carried out by using insecticidal lamps, and binding enticing traps can be used for overwintering adult adults of corn borer, and traps can be combined with food traps for pests of nocturnal moths such as cotton bollworms.
(3) Seed treatment technology.
According to the underground pests, soil-borne diseases and seedling-stage pest species, the appropriate seed treatment agent is selected to mix seeds or coat.
(4) Pest control technology at the seedling stage.
According to the occurrence of pests at the seedling stage, appropriate insecticide spray control is selected. Plots where herbicides have been used in the season should avoid the use of organophosphorus pesticides to avoid drug damage.
(5) Green control technology for diseases and insects in the middle and late stages.
At the end of the heart leaf, biological agents such as Thuringiensis and Coccidioides were uniformly sprayed to control corn borer, cotton bollworm and grassland night moth, and the amount of insects in the later stage was suppressed; according to the occurrence of diseases and insects such as leaf spot disease, ear rot, corn borer, cotton bollworm, aphid and double-spotted long-tarsal firefly, etc., the insecticide and fungicide were reasonably mixed to control the disease and insect pest in the later stage. It is advisable to use high-stalk crop sprayers and navigation operations to improve the efficiency and effect of prevention and control.
(6) Egg parasitic bee insect control technology.
In the early to peak period of spawning of pests such as corn borer, cotton bollworm, peach borer borer and grassland moth, the local dominant bee species are selected, 15,000 to 20,000 bees are released per mu, and 3 to 5 release points are set per mu, and the release is unified twice at intervals of 7 days.
Precautions
(1) Insecticidal lamps should be used during the peak period of insect feathering and nighttime active periods of adult pests to protect the ecological balance to the greatest extent.
(2) Sexual pheromone booby-trap technology should be applied in a large area of continuous flakes, and the cores of different pests cannot be placed in the same trap.
(3) Biological pesticides should be applied at the early stage of disease occurrence or at the young age of pests to ensure prevention and control.
(4) The application should be in the early morning or evening, the amount of water should be sufficient, and the application site should be precise.
(5) Pay attention to the alternating use, rotational use and safe use of pesticides to delay the generation of drug resistance.
Source: Beihai Agriculture National Agricultural Technology Extension