As soon as qingming arrived, the farmer took off. Live up to the spring light and grab the farmer's time. Recently, people in the fields have begun to get busy.
Dream of wild seeds of hope
"VH76-1, behind the list."
In the breeding laboratory of tianjin high-quality agricultural products development demonstration center, a bunch of small golden rice ears were placed on the table, and the grains were full. Everyone is busy with seed examination, threshing, and then packing different varieties of seeds into yarn bags in order, and in these two days, the yarn bags will be put into the whole into the potion to soak seeds to prepare for spring sowing.
"This card is the sequence number of this year's sown to the field, including the planting of seedlings, and there can be no mistakes." Yu Fu'an, a rice breeding expert at Xiaozhan, has been dealing with rice for nearly 40 years. In 1985, he entered the tianjin original seed farm, and in the first few years, he mainly engaged in rice breeding. In the 1980s and early 1990s, most of the rice varieties in Tianjin were not well resistant, and diseases and pests were the enemy of rice production. In 1991, rice planthoppers broke out in Tianjin, and hundreds of thousands of mu of rice yields were reduced and harvested.
(Yu Fu'an team prepares for spring ploughing)
"When I walked to these rice-growing villages, there was a very strong, pungent smell of pesticides around me. Now everyone is not worried about eating, but I grew up in the countryside and experienced the hardships of farmers, and I want farmers to hit more grain so that everyone can eat enough. As a farmer's son, Yu Fu'an knew the importance of a good seed, and it was at that time that he made up his mind and embarked on the road of scientific breeding.
By chance, Yu Fu'an discovered that the variety they introduced, Moonlight, although the ears were not large and did not look good in the growth period, but during the harvest period, the ears had no insects or diseases. More importantly, in the trial planting process, it also brought windfalls to everyone.
"Of the five hundred ears, two of them have mutated. One of the creative variations of breeding is through artificial hybridization, and the other is natural hybridization. Yu Fu'an told reporters that from the beginning of hybridization, a variety must go through 7 to 8 times of planting and breeding, stable molding, in order to determine whether the quality is excellent, and each generation of seeds needs a growth season, so it takes at least 8 years to cultivate a variety. In these 8 years, every seed, every seedling, is full of variables, and the probability of successfully cultivating a good variety is one in a million.
Dry breeding this line, just like a big wave of sand, failure is commonplace, long cycle, large variables, urgent, fast, no willing to do the cold bench of the ideological preparation is difficult to survive. And Yu Fu'an, with a tenacity, had to gnaw down one hard bone after another.
"Every year during the eleventh holiday, it is a critical period for breeding. If you miss these seven days, it is possible that the rice will fold down. These seven days are reluctant to rest for a day, and enter the ground at seven o'clock every morning. "The water was already very cold at that time, but he really stepped out of the water step by step." Yu Fu'an's efforts are all in the eyes of colleagues.
In 1999, Yu Fu'an's team cultivated Jinyuan 28, and soon demonstrated and promoted in Jinnan District, Ninghe District and Baodi District. The yield was good and insect-resistant, yu Fu'an they were full of confidence, did not think, rice farmers did not buy it. "There is a mango on the rice grain, that is, there is a rice needle, and when processing, the rice grain cannot go down, blocking the machine, causing processing difficulties." Yu Fu'an ran several times to the processing plant, and spent more than a month to turn the data of the previous eight years page by page, and finally found a breakthrough. After that, he spent more time in the field, in the shed, and with the rice.
In 2001, Yu Fu'an's team successfully cultivated Tsuhara 45, coinciding with the outbreak of striped leaf blight in the northern region. This ten-year-old sharpened sword product stands out with good resistance and successfully opens up the market. The cold bench was hot, and since then, the Tsuhara series of products has been coming out one after another.
Feet in the mud, bow down, guard the field of hope. In recent years, Yu Fu'an led the team to breed 40 approved varieties, covering more than 80% of Tianjin's rice area. High quality, has become synonymous with the Tsuhara series.
"17 centimeters, if you follow the standard of planting seedlings, this seedling is a bit too strong." Every day, Yu Fu'an's team will go to the greenhouse to make data records and observe the growth of different varieties of rice seedlings. At present, the seedlings in this shed have formed a three-leaf core, which is close to the standard of planting seedlings in the field.
Last year, the average precipitation in Tianjin was too much, especially during the flood season, which was 86% more than the same period of the year, which had a great impact on the rice yield rate. In order to better guide growers in spring ploughing, a few years ago, Yu Fu'an deliberately opened up this test field to simulate the adaptation of different varieties of rice under special weather conditions.
"To walk before the farmers produce, through our two or three months of experiments, at present, there is no impact on the seeds, the seedlings are normal, the growth is neat, and the density is no different from the previous years." A few months later, Yu Fu'an also explored some feasible countermeasures, and before the spring ploughing, he summoned the big planters to support them. "One is to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, after using more, encounter extreme weather, very easy to fall." The other is to increase the density of the seedlings. ”
Spring ploughing is ready for ploughing, seeds come first, and recently, there has been an endless stream of growers who come to the Younong Center to buy seeds. Every year, these days, Yu Fu'an will make time to talk to the growers about last year's harvest and instruct them to sow this year. "It takes 7 days for the seeds to be soaked, and the difference between the seeds and the water surface is more than 5 centimeters, and the seeds cannot be exposed."
(Growers buy seeds)
"Usually when I encounter a problem, I ask the landline director, and I did it according to his method, and it was successful. I haven't said it all these years, I did it with him, and every year my pocket can be filled. Since trying out the seeds of Tsubara 45 in 2001, Liu Shuling, a major planter, has become a die-hard fan of the Tsuhara series, harvesting an average of 750 kilograms per mu of land.
Let the peasants harvest three or five buckets more, let the people eat good rice, cling to this simple dream, Yu Fu'an immersed himself in nearly 40 spring, summer, autumn and winter. "Seeds are the chips of agriculture and the source of production. The use cycle of a variety in agricultural production is about 5 years, so we breeders must continue to develop new varieties. ”
Small plots of land, big gains
Good seeds grow good days of prosperity for farmers. Not only that, Tianjin's arable land is limited, how to scientifically use space, work this mu of land, today's farmers have also used their brains. In the Baili Vegetable Planting Base in Ninghe District, Liu Xiaojun, the second generation farmer, led the team to successfully develop hydroponic vegetables. This is a dish that grows on a shelf, does not require soil, and grows by drinking nutrient solution.
(Hydroponic vegetable greenhouse)
Early in the morning, the workers in the workshop were busy, packing and loading the harvested vegetables and transporting them to the partners' warehouses before noon. Today, there are about 7,000 orders, mainly vegetable hearts, oil wheat vegetables, hydroponic lettuce. After the spring equinox, the weather has warmed significantly, the market demand for leafy greens has increased, and recently the daily orders have also increased a lot, the workers are too busy, and Fu Yang, who was originally responsible for e-commerce operations, also rushed to the warehouse to help, and put the printed unified label on the bag. "I am now posting our own cultivation of hydroponic Italy, today this one has 3,000 orders, at ten o'clock ready to be sent to the Pinduoduo Center warehouse in Jinghai." After working for more than an hour, Fu Yang had not stopped in his hands.
"This side has just been planted for 5 days, this side has been robbed for 10 days, there are two sheds for small seedlings like this, and there are also two sheds for big vegetables that can produce." In the greenhouse of the base, Liu Xiaojun gave a live broadcast to customers in Beijing through a mobile phone connection. In early March, Customers in Beijing ordered a batch of hydroponic lettuce, in the middle of the month, Tianjin snowfall weather, after receiving early warning, the staff covered the shed at the outlet of the shed, adjusted the temperature in the shed, although the temperature dropped sharply after the snow, but because of the full preparation, the lettuce in the shed was not greatly affected. In order to give customers a reassurance pill, Liu Xiaojun incarnated as a reporter on camera and introduced the situation to customers remotely. "This seedling has been 15 days, because of the snow in the first two days, it will be three or four days late, but it will not be too affected, and in the case of higher and higher temperatures, it is possible that it will strike later and catch up again."
In the Baili vegetable planting base, there are more than 50 high-standard greenhouses, all of which are used for hydroponic vegetable cultivation. Here, order-based sales are realized, and before each shed of hydroponic vegetables is planted, it is known where to ship to after a month. Among them, Lettuce and Cream Lettuce can be cultivated all year round. Breaking the traditional ground planting method, hydroponic vegetables grow faster, only 30 days from seedlings to harvest, and the harvest time is 5 to 8 days faster than that of native vegetables.
"After the cycle is short, it can be relatively multiple stubbles. It may be planted two to three stubbles a year, but we can plant eight to ten stubbles, and the income can be multiplied several times. Liu Xiaojun told reporters.
Liu Xiaojun, manager of Tianjin Baili Seedling Cultivation Co., Ltd., returned to his hometown after graduating from university and has been engaged in facility agriculture for more than ten years. Five years ago, chatting with a friend, the friend mentioned that when she was abroad, she often ate water-fried vegetable salad, but after returning home, she found it difficult to buy, which woke her up. Consult relevant information, do market research, say dry, soon, the greenhouse is set up, the water circulation system is installed, the seedlings are ready, everything is ready, only the nutrient solution is the east wind, and this is precisely the key to hydroponics.
"There may be more of a certain element in the nutrient solution, and the dish cannot absorb it," Liu Xiaojun gave an example, "just like we eat formula milk powder, everyone's physique is different, if this is more, there may be such and such problems." At that time, the domestic hydroponic vegetable market was almost blank, Liu Xiaojun introduced foreign nutrient solutions, but how to combine the climate ratio to make a nutrient solution suitable for local cultivation, lack of a model that can be copied, everything can only be groped.
"There is a stubble dish, and when it comes out, it is found that after the dish is rooted, the bottom will be particularly red. There is also a stubble dish, which has not grown to more than 20 days, and there is a case of burning edges. We have also encountered that when harvested, the dishes are particularly bitter to eat. Liu Xiaojun said that in the research and development stage, failure is commonplace. Don't look at the fact that one person is now responsible for 10 greenhouses, and it is possible to test the greenhouses regularly every day. But at that time, almost 24 hours a day, someone needed to observe the changes in vegetables and record data in the greenhouse.
"Sometimes it's often three or four days without seeing anyone because we don't get up and she's gone. We slept and she didn't come back yet, and basically there was no time to rest. Liu Xiaojun went out early and returned home every day, and his lover Li Bowen looked in his eyes.
In this way, after more than a year of repeated experimentation, Liu Xiaojun's hydroponic dishes were finally successfully developed, with sweet taste, crisp taste and good appearance. However, before she could be happy, looking at the vegetables that had been harvested, where to sell them made her feel bad. After running the market for more than three months, only some scattered small orders were harvested, and if they have been like this, they cannot cultivate and produce on a large scale, and the cost will not come down, Liu Xiaojun will feedback their difficulties to the Ninghe District Agricultural and Rural Committee.
"Help enterprises to dock with large supermarkets and network platforms, and bring customers to the base for on-site research and visits." The company successfully signed a purchase and sale agreement with JD.com and Wumart. Li Xueyan, deputy director of the Ninghe District Agricultural and Rural Committee, said.
(Workers in the workshop are busy loading vegetables)
Online e-commerce, offline restaurants, with the help of the District Agricultural and Rural Committee, Liu Xiaojun's team of hydroponics gradually opened the market. In 2020, their hydroponics technology was also extended to Hebei Province. Over the years, from layman to new farmer, Liu Xiaojun has also broken out a new way of modern facility agriculture, "Now there are more and more scientific and technological things, I think it should be more integrated into agriculture, let agriculture also plug in high-tech wings, and then let it fly higher and higher." ”
In 2021, Tianjin will build more than 3.72 million mu of high-standard farmland and more than 200,000 mu of facility agriculture, which not only drives the surrounding farmers to increase income and agricultural efficiency, but also attracts more and more young people like Liu Xiaojun to devote themselves to rural revitalization.