Emperor Huan of Han (132–168), courtesy name Yi, was born in the first year of Yang Jia (132) in the state of Liwu in Jizhou (present-day Boye, Hebei), the eleventh emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Great-grandson of Emperor Liu Zhao of Han, grandson of Liu Kai the Prince of Hejian and son of Liu Yi the Marquis of Liwu.
In the first year of the first century (146), emperor Of Han died, and Liu Zhi took the throne, that is, Emperor Huan of Han. At the beginning of her reign, Empress Liang was in charge of the government, and her cousin Liang Ji held great power. In the second year of Yanxi (159), Liu Zhi relied on the eunuch Shan Chao and other generals Liang Ji and removed his henchmen, announcing the end of the era of foreign monopoly of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhongchang Shi Shan Chao, Xu Huang, Zuo Yi, Tang Heng, and Gu Yan were made Marquis of Lie by Liu Zhi. Since then, the government has been transferred to the hands of eunuchs, and the Eastern Han Dynasty has entered a darker era of eunuch dictatorship. As eunuchs wreaked havoc, the party was divided, provoking the dissatisfaction of bureaucrats and doctors. In the ninth year of Yanxi (166), the Shijia Hao clan and the Tai students jointly opposed the eunuchs, and as a result, Li Bing and more than 200 other people were arrested, forming the first disaster of the party.
On December 28 of the first year of Yongkang (January 25, 168), Liu Zhi died,Chinese New Year's Eve and was buried at Xuanling (宣陵, in modern Luoyang, Henan Province) at the age of six, with the courtesy name of Emperor Xiaohuan and the temple name Ofehun.
Emperor Huan of Han Liu Zhi
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > ascended to the throne</h1>
In the first year of Yang Jia (132), Liu Zhi was born in the State of Liwu in Jizhou (冀州, in modern Boye County, Hebei Province), and was the Marquis of Liwu.
At this time, the imperial court was controlled by Liang Ji, the brother of Emperor Liang of Hanshun's empress, and he successively established two minor emperors, Emperor Chong and Emperor Qian. In the first year of the first century (146), Emperor Han died at the age of 9 and was childless. When Cao Teng, the zhongchang attendant, personally visited Liang Ji, he pointed out that the king of Qinghe was a strict man, and if he was made emperor, he was afraid that it would be difficult to ensure peace, and suggested that Liu Zhi, the Marquis of Liwu, could be rich and noble for a long time. So Liang Ji prepared to support Liu Zhi.
Soon, Empress Liang recruited Liu Zhi to Xia Men Ting in Luoyang City, intending to marry her sister to Liu Zhi. On the seventh day of the first month of leap june (146), Empress Dowager Liang sent Liang Ji to hold the Festival of Fu and take Liu Zhi into the Southern Palace with Wang Qinggai, and on this day Liu Zhi ascended the throne at the age of fifteen. Empress Dowager Liang was still in charge of the government. Cao Teng, Changle Taifu Zhoufu and seven others, because of their meritorious decisions, were all given the title of Marquis of Ting.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Liang Ji came to power</h1>
In June of the first year of Jianhe (147), Liu Zhi deposed The Lieutenant Hu Guang and made Du Qiao the Grand Admiral. On August 18, Liu Zhi made Liang Ji's daughter Liang Ji empress. On September 21, an earthquake struck Luoyang, and Liu Zhi dismissed Du Qiao, the lieutenant. In October, Liu Zhi appointed Situ Zhao Jie as a lieutenant, Sikong Yuan Tang as a situ, and former lieutenant Hu Guang as a sikong. In December, Qing and Wang Liu Wen plotted a rebellion, and liang Ji took advantage of this to falsely accuse Li Gu and Du Qiao of being Liu Wen's cohorts, killed Li Gu and Du Qiao, and violently killed them in Luoyang City.
On the nineteenth day of the first month of the second year of Jianhe (February 26, 148), Liu Zhijia was crowned at the head. On the 25th day of the first month (March 3), the world was pardoned.
In the winter of the third year of Jianhe (149), The Taiwei Zhao Jie was dismissed by Liu Zhi, who appointed Situ Yuan Tang as a Tai wei and Zhang Xin as situ.
In the first year of peace (150), Empress Liang became seriously ill, and on her deathbed, she issued an edict to return to Liu Zhi. After Empress Liang's death, in order to comfort the Liang family, Liu Zhi also added the title of Liang Ji Wanhu Yi. So far, Liang Ji alone has accumulated 30,000 households, far beyond the boundaries of the Han Dynasty's feudal lords.
In the first year of Yuan Jia (151), Liu Zhi gave Liang Ji more privileges: entering the dynasty and not tending to the temple with his sword. Enter the palace once in ten days to handle and review the affairs played by Shangshu. The ministers of the DPRK and China were forced by Liang Ji's dictatorship, and no one dared to advise them anymore. On the third day of April (6 May), Liu Zhi deposed Situ Zhang Xin and appointed Guanglu Xun WuXiong as Situ. In October, Sikong Huguang was deposed by Liu Zhi.
On December 18 (February 11, 152), Liu Zhi appointed Taichang Huangqiong as Sikong.
In the second year of Yuan Jia (152), Liu Zhi removed Sikong Huang Qiong from his post. In December, Liu Zhi appointed Zhao Jie as Sikong.
In October of the first year of Yongxing (153), Liu Zhi removed Taiwei Yuan Tang from his post and appointed Taichang Huguang as a taiwei. Situ WuXiong and Sikong Zhao Jie were dismissed from their posts, huang Qiong, a servant of the taishu, was appointed as Situ, and Guanglu Xunfang Zhi was appointed as Sikong. On the ninth day of november (December 31), Liu Zhi hunted in Shanglin Garden, passed through Hangu Pass, and rewarded the elderly over the age of 90 next to the aisle.
On the first day of September (154) of the second year of Yongxing, Liu Zhi removed the taiwei Hu Guang from his post and appointed Situ Huangqiong as the taiwei. In September, he was appointed as the Situ of Guanglu Xun Yin Song.
In November of the third year of Yongshou (157), Situ Yinsong died. Liu Zhi appointed Sikong Han as Situ, and Ren Taichang Beihai Sun Lang as Sikong.
In the first year of Yanxi (158), there was a solar eclipse in the sky, and Taishi Ling Chen Said that "the cause of the eclipse lies in the great general Liang Ji". Liang Ji knew about it and executed him. Tai Shi Ling was a close subordinate of the emperor, and Liang Ji arbitrarily executed Tai Shi Ling without asking Liu Zhi, which made Liu Zhi very angry. On July 20, Liu Zhi removed Tai wei Huang Qiong from his post and appointed Tai Chang Hu Guang as tai wei.
General Liang Ji
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > kill Liang Ji</h1>
In the second year of Yanxi (159), Liu Zhi planned to get rid of Liang Ji, and under the pretext of going to the toilet, let Tang Heng's entourage serve himself. Entering the toilet, Liu Zhi asked Tang Heng in a low voice: "Do you know that among the people around us, there is anyone who is at odds with Liang Ji?" Tang Heng replied to Liu Zhi: "Zhongchang Waiter Shan Chao, Xu Huang, Gu Yan, and Zuo Yi were all very dissatisfied with Liang Ji in private. So he called Shan Chao and Zuo Yi into his own secret room. Liu Zhi said to them: "The great general Liang Ji controls the government of the dynasty, the inner palace and the outer court are controlled by Liang Ji's people, and the ministers in the middle of the court are all Liang Ji's people, I want to get rid of them, what do you think?" Shan Chao and Zuo Wei replied, "Liang Ji is a traitor of the country and should have been eliminated a long time ago." It's just that those of us who have no wisdom and don't know what His Majesty's thoughts are? Liu Zhi said, "My meaning is already very clear, you should plan a plan to eliminate the Liang clan." Shan Chao said, "If Your Majesty really wants to destroy the Liang Clan, it is actually not difficult, and we are afraid that Your Majesty will hesitate in the middle of the way." Liu Zhi said: "Liang Ji is a national thief, he should be eliminated, there is nothing to hesitate!" So he summoned Gu Ying and Xu Huang again, and Liu Zhi bit Shan Chao's arm with his teeth, and the six of them made an alliance of blood and conspired to destroy Liang.
The five eunuchs then used all their strength to attack Liang Ji, and in the name of Liu Zhi, they summoned Zhang Biao, a lieutenant colonel, and dispatched an army under shan chao's personal command to besiege Liang Ji's grand general's mansion on the charge of treason. Although Liang Ji had power over the world, there were too many people who had offended him, but no one had dared to rise up and openly rebel against him before. Shan Chao and the others wanted to eliminate him in the name of the emperor, and many people immediately fell to the side of the eunuchs. As a result, Shan Chao quickly took Liang Mansion and confiscated Liang Ji's official seal. Liang Ji committed suicide with his wife Sun Shou. Liang Ji's clans, such as Wei Wei Liang Shu, Henan Yin Liang Yin, Tun Riding Colonel Liang Rang, Yue Riding Colonel Liang Zhong, And Elder Lieutenant Liang Ji, as well as dozens of Chinese and foreign clan relatives, were executed. Lieutenant Hu Guang was dismissed. Situ Hanyan and Sikong Sun Lang were arrested and imprisoned. More than 300 people were deposed, the officials were almost empty, and the Liang foreign relatives group was wiped out and wiped out. The people are not celebrating.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > eunuchs in power</h1>
On August 4, 159 (September 3, 159), the eunuchs Shan Chao, Zuo Qi, Xu Huang, Gu Yan, and Tang Heng were given the title of Marquis of liang on the same day, known in history as the "Five Marquises". From then on, the power of the government fell into the hands of eunuchs. On the same day, Liu Zhi appointed Grand Si Nong Huang Qiong as a lieutenant, Guanglu Dafu Zhu Tian as Situ, and Dahong Shengyun as Sikong, and began to set up secretarial supervisors.
The arbitrariness of the eunuch Wuhou and his relatives was not only opposed by the upright officials in the court, but even Liu Zhi began to worry, so he slowly began to restrict the five marquises. Liu Zhi first reused the eunuch Hou Lan and others to divide their power, and then used them to brutalize the people and attack them.
Liu Zhi's suppression of the eunuch Wuhou was only to strengthen the imperial power and did not want to eliminate it, so after slightly suppressing them, they still held the power. And the newly reused eunuchs, after coming to power, were equally brutal and tyrannical, fishing people. Zhongchang Shihou was greedy and extravagant, and before and after he forcibly seized 118 hectares of civil land and 318 residences, and imitated the imperial palace to build large-scale residential areas in 16 districts, all of which had pavilions, ponds, and gardens. On the other hand, due to the monopoly of eunuchs' power, their minions were placed in central and local institutions at all levels, and the situation of false selection of talents under the inspection system was even more serious.
On the fifth day of the first month of October (November 3), Liu Zhi went to Chang'an for a tour. On the eighteenth day (November 16), Liu Zhi arrived at Weiyang Palace. On the 27th (November 25), Liu Zhi sacrificed to the High Temple. On the fourth day of the first month of November (December 1), Liu Zhi sacrificed the Eleventh Mausoleum. On the sixth day of the first year (December 3), Liu Zhi appointed Zhongchang Shi Shan Chao as a che riding general. On the third day of the first month of December (December 30), Liu Zhi returned from Chang'an and gave the people of Chang'an ten millets each. The garden tomb is five times per person, and the county three axes passed through are inspected. Eight kinds of Qiang people rebelled, Kou plundered Long's right, and Duan Bao, a lieutenant of the Qiang Dynasty, pursued them at Luoting and defeated them. The Kingdom of Tianzhu came to offer gifts.
Five-waiting dictatorship
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the scourge of the party</h1>
In the ninth year of Yanxi (166), Nanyang Taishou Chengyu arrested Zhang Feng, a local wealthy merchant who had a good relationship with the eunuchs, and as a result, Liu Zhi announced a general amnesty, and in order to combat the eunuchs, Cheng Yan ignored the laws of the imperial court, not only killing Zhang Feng himself, but also killing More than 200 of Zhang's clan and guests, and then Cheng Yan played to Liu Zhi. Around the same time, cases of the same nature occurred in Runan. Ru Nan Taishou Liu Zhen arrested Xiaohuangmen Zhao Jin, and then, in defiance of the imperial court's pardon order, first tortured Zhao Jin to death before reporting it to the imperial court. In September, eunuchs appealed to Liu Zhi and at the same time encouraged Zhang Feng's wife to take the blame. When Liu Zhi heard about this, he was furious, because in Liu Zhi's view, this was a blatant confrontation between the local rulers and the central government. Liu Zhi immediately issued an edict, arresting Cheng Yan and Liu Qian at the same time, and beheading them according to the law.
In the same year, eunuchs sent people to falsely accuse Li Bing and others of raising tai students and tourists, befriending students from various counties, flaunting each other, forming a group party, slandering the imperial court, and corrupting customs. Liu Zhi was furious, so he ordered the whole country to arrest more than 200 "party members" such as Li Bing and Chen Yu. Some of the party members fled, and Liu Zhi offered a reward for it. For a time, the emissaries came out and looked at each other, and the struggle against the eunuchs suffered a serious setback. The following year, Shang Shu Huochen and Dou Wu, a lieutenant of the City Gate Colonel, jointly interceded for the party members, and Liu Zhi's anger eased slightly, and he issued an edict to release the party members to return home, but still imprisoned them for life. And the names of the party members were recorded. This is the famous "party hammer".
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > absurd death</h1>
In the second year of Yanxi (159), Empress Liang died, and from then on, he favored Liang Meng's daughter. Because he really hated the surname liang, he changed the surname of Liang Mengnu to "Bo", hoping that the fierce daughter would be as virtuous as Empress Bo, the mother of Emperor Wen in the Western Han Dynasty, and later found out that the biological father of the fierce daughter was Deng Xiang, so he ordered the fierce daughter to restore the surname of Deng Meng, called Deng Mengnu, and established Deng Mengnu as empress. With the passage of time, Empress Deng gradually grew old and yellow, and her youth was no longer there. After Liu Zhi eliminated the Liang clique, he personally took charge of the world's power, which was a good time in the year of his establishment.
In the eighth year of Yanxi (165), Empress Deng was deposed and soon died of resentment, and Liu Zhi soon created a new empress, who was dou rong's great-granddaughter dou rong the grand sikong anfeng and the daughter of dou wu, a lieutenant of the city gate school.
On December 28 of the first year of Yongkang (January 25, 168), Liu Zhi died at the front hall of Deyang at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve 6.
On February 13 of the first year of Jianning (March 9, 168), Liu Zhi was buried in Xuanling Tomb, with the title of Emperor Xiaohuan and the temple name of Emperor Weizong.