Purpura refers to the appearance of petechiae or ecchymosis on the lower side of the skin or mucous membranes, and the main lesions are vasculitis of fine arterioles and capillaries. The disease, which has a high incidence in the spring and is severe, can lead to death due to intracranial hemorrhage. What are the characteristics of Henoch-Schönlein purpura? What health damage will it cause? How should we respond? Let's take a look at the main points now.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura, also known as 1 medical name, immunoglobulin IgA vasculitis, is angioatitis that occurs in arterioles, microvenous veins, capillaries, and on direct immunofluorescence examination, it is possible to find deposition of IgA in the walls of blood vessels due to fragmentation of white blood cells. This disease, which belongs to systemic vasculitis, in addition to skin lesions, can also cause joint, kidney, gastrointestinal damage, and produce corresponding symptoms.
The etiology and pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura are not well understood, but it has been found that food factors such as milk or eggs, bacterial or viral infections, antibiotic allergies or anesthesia, malignant diseases, vaccinations, etc., can lead to Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Related studies believe that pathogenic factors stimulate the body to produce corresponding antibodies, and through allergic reactions, induce the production of henoch-schönlein purpura. Henoch-schönlein purpura tends to occur in preschoolers aged 4 to 7 years, and men are more susceptible to disease and have a self-limiting course, however, it is easy to recur and involve multiple systems, and some patients will have severe renal insufficiency and even uremia.
The main manifestations of Henoch-Schönlein purpura can be divided into 5 categories. The first is the skin manifestation, typically a symmetrically distributed red papule or urticaria on the extremities and buttocks. The second is the joint manifestation, which 30% to 40% of children may have joint pain as the first symptom. The third is gastrointestinal manifestations, mainly abdominal pain and vomiting, and a small number of patients will have intestinal obstruction or intestinal perforation. The fourth is the renal manifestation, which occurs in about 20% to 60% of patients, with hematuria and proteinuria. Fifth, there are other manifestations, lesions may affect the reproductive system, about 2% of the nervous system damage, resulting in headache, convulsions, paralysis, individual patients will have lung lesions, or muscle, conjunctiva, parotid gland, myocardial damage.
The diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura requires such features. The first is the appearance of palpable purpura on the skin, or the discovery of obvious petechiae of the lower extremities, however, there is no evidence of thrombocytopenia on blood tests. The second is acute diffuse abdominal pain. The third is a histological examination that reveals evidence of vasculitis or glomerulonephritis dominated by deposition of immunoglobulin IgA complexes. The fourth is joint manifestations, such as acute joint swelling or pain, and limited mobility. The fifth is a manifestation of renal involvement, with a positive urine test for a red blood cell cast or urine occult blood, a urine protein of more than 0.3 g/day, and an albumin creatinine ratio of more than 30 mmol/mg in morning urine samples. Consistent with article 1 of these characteristics, and at least one of articles 2 to 5, confirms the diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
Henoch-schönlein purpura can be divided into simple type, gastrointestinal type, joint type, renal type, and mixed type according to the characteristics of the lesion. Renal henoch-schönlein purpura can be subdivided into 7 types, including isolated hematuria, isolated proteinuria, hematuria and proteinuria, acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, rapidly progressive nephritis, and chronic nephritis. The classification of the disease represents the focus of coping and treatment, for example, simple henoch-schönlein purpura, the main measures during the onset of the attack are rest, avoid strenuous activity, drink more water, most of the disease can be relieved on their own. Gastrointestinal henoch-schönlein purpura can be treated with antiemetic and analgesic drugs. For articular henoch-schönlein purpura, anti-inflammatory drugs can be used.
Henoch-schönlein purpura, which is difficult to cope with, is renal and mixed, and in the presence of nephrotic syndrome or rapidly progressive nephritis, hormone shock therapy is usually required. In patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura, nephritis occurs in about 20% to 60%, some patients may develop end-stage renal disease, and about 20% may develop chronic renal insufficiency. Studies have found that a healthy diet helps prevent henoch-schönlein purpura in children, reduces fast food intake, drinks more boiled water, drinks less juice, controls the intake of snacks and meat products, pays attention to the impact of seafood, avoids contact with allergens, and can reduce the risk of henoch-schönlein.
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