Which porcelains are known to be "high-end goods" just by looking at the color? Mr. Zopai will give you a pickpocket, and after visiting the museum, you will know which are the key points!
Qing: Various secret recipes make porcelain advanced
First of all, the science of science, colorful porcelain in ancient times is not so easy to obtain, they are craftsmen accumulated thousands of years of groping to get the experience, what kind of glaze with what kind of materials can burn the ideal color.
Moreover, the opening of the kiln to burn porcelain also depends on the day to eat, in ancient times there was no thermometer, as long as the temperature of the porcelain kiln, the air environment slightly changed, will lead to firing failure, usually into the kiln hundreds of pieces of firing, but the real glaze color is often pitiful. This determines that some glazes are born with a noble destiny.
In the portrait of the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, you can see a variety of precious monochrome glazed porcelain displayed next to it, which shows its noble status
Cyan is a relatively common color in clothing. Porcelain is similar, and the popularity of celadon is also very widespread, from the emperor down to the commoners will use. Of course, royal celadon is not an ordinary commodity, they are beautiful enough!
For example, the secret color porcelain of the Yuezhou kiln in the Tang Dynasty feels a little mysterious just by listening to the name. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, people saw from the tang dynasty poems that many poets praised it and exaggerated it to the point that there was nothing in the sky and nothing in the earth. "The nine autumn winds dew more and more kilns opened, and won the green color of the thousand peaks." Good to the mid-night feast, the common ji in the scattered bucket cup. ”
A secret color porcelain purification bottle excavated from the Pagoda Palace of Famen Temple in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province
According to historical records, secret color porcelain was successfully fired in the Tang Dynasty, and by the fifth generation, the king of Wuyue turned it into an official office, specializing in burning tribute porcelain, and the subjects were not allowed to use it. So that the secret color porcelain completely away from the people, and the burned porcelain to use glaze medicine formula, the production process is kept secret. Many years later, with the decline of the Yuezhou kiln and the loss of craftsmanship, so that in the later Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, no one can say what the secret color porcelain is.
It was not until 1987, when the pagoda of Famen Temple in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, collapsed unexpectedly, and people found more than a dozen pieces of Tang Dynasty secret color porcelain in the underground palace at the bottom of the tower, which once again let the world see what the secret color porcelain looked like. Many people who have seen the secret color porcelain are amazed by this beautiful glaze color, like emerald green lake water, looking really advanced! As for how this secret color porcelain was fired, no one can restore it now.
The inscription of the Pagoda Underground Palace of Famen Temple clearly records the existence of secret color porcelain, thus solving the mystery of eternity
Secret color porcelain excavated from the Pagoda Underground Palace of Famen Temple
In addition, the azure color of ru kiln porcelain in the Song Dynasty can be said to push the beauty of celadon to the peak. At that time, the rulers wanted porcelain with the same color as the sky and the texture of jade. To this end, the Song Dynasty Ru kiln craftsmen also spelled, they thought of adding agate to the glaze, and finally let the Ru kiln porcelain tone is elegant, the luster is soft, and obtain the visual effect of "like jade is not jade, but better than jade".
However, in order to obtain azure color, in addition to the very accurate preparation of the glaze, the kiln position and heat in the firing process need to be just right, but even so, the yield is still extremely low, so it has been passed down very rarely. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that it was re-fired into this wonderful glaze color of "where the rain passes through the sky and the clouds break, and such a color is the future".
Song Dynasty Ru kiln celadon from the collection of the "National Palace Museum" in Taipei
White: Rely on minimalism to become Yangchun white snow
White porcelain is another major type of porcelain after celadon and has been enduring for a long time. But even seemingly ordinary white porcelain has a high-grade presence. The sweet white glazed porcelain of the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty is a typical example of this.
It is said that it was the favorite of the Yongle Emperor, and without any decoration, it won with a white glaze. The sweet white porcelain carcass is white, the enamel is warm as jade, and the thickness is like fat, giving people a sweet feeling, which is called "sweet white". In the TV series "Ruyi Zhuan", Wei Wanwan broke the sweet white glazed porcelain of the Qianlong Emperor because she did not know the goods, and Mr. Zangpai could also feel great embarrassment across the screen.
Ming Dynasty sweet white glazed porcelain from the collection of the "National Palace Museum" in Taipei
In the TV series "Ruyi Zhuan", Wei Wanwan overturned the precious sweet white glazed porcelain and was disliked by Qianlong
Don't think that white porcelain like sweet white glaze is easy to burn, in fact, its firing difficulty is very high, and the light process will be more than a dozen.
A piece of porcelain, if there is no painting, determines its color is porcelain clay and glaze, general porcelain clay and glaze, which contain more or less iron oxide, and will appear dark or light cyan after burning. In order to achieve the effect of pure white, it is necessary to wash the tire soil over and over again to make the tire hard and the tire color pure white.
In addition, the iron content in the glaze must be less than 0.75% to burn a transparent white glaze. In this way, a pure transparent glaze is applied to the white porcelain tire to obtain a very high white porcelain.
Ming Yongle sweet white glazed monk hat pot Collection of the Palace Museum The sweet white glazed porcelain of the Yongle period, the carcass is light and thin, can see the shadow, and produce the effect of "white as gelatin, plain as snow".
Ming Xuande Sweet white glaze dark flower tangled branches Lotus Tuo eight auspicious pattern bowls Collected by the Palace Museum
Huang: Uniquely distinguished
Yellow and "huang" are harmonious, and the Ming and Qing dynasties have always been the exclusive color of the royal family, and yellow porcelain is no exception. Therefore, the yellow-glazed porcelain of the Ming and Qing dynasties was the supreme sacred object that embodied the imperial power.
Among the yellow glazed porcelain, the Most famous is the Jiaohuang glaze created during the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, and the Jiaohuang glaze was carried forward during the Hongzhi period. This porcelain color is bright, uniform and elegant, bright as chicken fat, also known as "chicken fat yellow".
Ming Dynasty yellow glazed porcelain from the collection of the "National Palace Museum" in Taipei
Interestingly, even in the court, not everyone could enjoy yellow-glazed porcelain. The Qing Dynasty's "History of the State Dynasty Palace" records that in addition to the emperor, only the empress dowager and empress can enjoy the whole body of the yellow glaze; the imperial concubine can only use the inner white glaze and the outer yellow glaze; the noble concubine and concubine use the yellow ground green dragon; the concubine uses the blue ground yellow dragon... Other nobles, often present, promised, want to enjoy yellow glazed porcelain, but also have to work hard to promote the rank.
Qing Kangxi yellow glazed bowl
Qingqianlong Yellow land green dragon plate
Qingqianlong Blue Land Yellow Dragon Plate
Red: Burn "money"
There are also many precious glaze colors of red glazed porcelain, cowpea red, sacrifice red, lang kiln red, beauty drunk, etc., each has its own advantages, to be successfully fired, it is not possible to spend some real money and silver, and they are not worry-free.
Qing Yongzheng carmine glaze plate Collection of the Palace Museum
Carmine is undoubtedly worth mentioning, it is a glaze color created in the Qing Dynasty, and it is known as the queen of porcelain. There is no other reason, because this porcelain is very expensive, and gold must be added as a colorant to burn a beautiful red.
This method of melting gold into the glaze to color it was invented in 1650 by the Dutchman Cassias, which was introduced to China and called "magenta". It is also because the firing cost is too high, carmine porcelain is mostly small utensils, small bowls, vials, small goblets, etc., small and exquisite, sometimes look delicate, sometimes look elegant and pleasant, pink girl's heart bursting.
Qing Rouge purple glaze bowl Collection of the Palace Museum
Of course, there are many precious glaze colors in ancient Chinese porcelain, such as tea leaves, eggplant purple, peacock green, Ugin, sprinkled blue, etc., each of which has its own characteristics and is regarded as a famous product by the ancients. It is precisely because of their high cost, unique craftsmanship, and very small number that they can cross time and become classics. Even today, they still don't lose their dignity.
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