The Qianlong Emperor ruled the country well and was second to none in terms of literary attainments. If he was not born in the Qing Dynasty, he is likely to become a poet like Yu Xiuhua, but current events create people, he can only become an emperor.
The Qianlong Emperor has a poem, which is relatively famous and has been passed down to this day, and it is necessary for us to record: the seven-year-old Six Emperors of the Heavenly Sons, and the five generations of Sun Zengyu. However, we may not know that because of this poem, Chinese and Russian experts are unusually silent.
Why? Let me take my time.
First, the vast territory of the Qing Dynasty
Qin Shi Huang created the first feudal dynasty in Chinese history, and Emperor Puyi inadvertently acted as the last emperor of China's feudal era. However, it must be said that the descendants of Huang Taiji are experts in pioneering the territory. The Qing Dynasty was a vast territory, centered on the city of Beijing, bordering Central Asia Andia to the west, the Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea, the Sea of Japan, Taiwan and Sakhalin Island to the east, the Gorno Altay, Sayan Ridge, Waixing'an Ridge to the Sea of Okhotsk to the north, the present-day Zengmu Dark Sand to the south, and the Himalayas to the southwest, covering an area of 13 million square kilometers.
The ancestors of the Qing Dynasty were jurchens, who originated in the northeast of the Qing dynasty. Before entering the customs, Huang Taiji had incorporated the heilongjiang river to the left bank of the Selenge River into his territory. The Shunzhi Emperor entered the pass and occupied the city of Beijing as the capital of the Qing Dynasty. In Shenyang, Liaoning Province, a liudu was set up to unify the jurisdiction over the northeast region. We can know from this that Sakhalin Island was now the territory of the Qing Dynasty hundreds of years ago during the Shunzhi Emperor.
Ii. The question of the historical boundary between China and Russia
Russia calls itself a fighting people, and territorial expansion has accompanied the course of Russian history. During the Qing Dynasty, Russia coveted northeastern China. During the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, there was an invasion. In 1650, the seventh year of Shunzhi, a Russian government official named Khabarov led more than a hundred Russian soldiers to shell the northeast gate of China, gradually making the Low Yaksa region of the Qing Dynasty the de facto control of Russia.
Eight years later, in 1658, Tsarist Russia's ambitions remained unchanged, and it became more and more bold, expanding wantonly and occupying the Nebuchu region of China. Tsarist Russia used Nebchu as a strategic stronghold and expanded around it as the center. The Qing government could not bear it and sent troops to resist the Russian invasion. Until the Kangxi Dynasty, the victory of the war against Russia was taken. The Qing Dynasty won the victory and signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchu with Tsarist Russia.
When later historians studied the Treaty of Nebuchu between China and Russia, it is very clear that the Qing Dynasty, as a victorious power, did not achieve substantive victory. According to the provisions of the "Sino-Russian Nebuchu Treaty", China and Russia have formulated a boundary line: the Erguna River and the Gelbiqi River are the eastern boundary, and the north-south boundary is the Gelbiqi River and the Waixing'an Mountains. At the same time, the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar stipulates matters related to bilateral trade and cross-border aggression.
In 1727, the fifth year of Yongzheng, China and Russia signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of The Blexchi Boundary and the Treaty of Kyakhta, two treaties on the boundary issue, and redivided the north-south boundary line: from Obo in the west to the Erguna River and the Sabinay Ridge.
The two emperors, Kangxi and Yongzheng, signed a series of treaties with Tsarist Russia, and whether they were beneficial to China or Tsarist Russia, they were conducive to the peace, stability, and rapid economic development of the two countries.
At the same time, we can draw two conclusions from this period of history: sakhalin island was still Chinese territory during the Yongzheng Dynasty, and second, China lost 232,000 square kilometers of territory, including the east bank of the Selenge River in the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River to the west bank of the Erguna River and the Uddi River Basin.
3. The Qing government's cession of land and the security of the Qing government
In 1858, the Qing government and Tsarist Russia signed the Treaty of Yaohun, and it was during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor that Russia invaded part of the territory between China's Heilongjiang River and the Outer Xing'an Mountains.
In 1860, the Sino-Russian Treaty of Peking was signed, and Tsarist Russia invaded and occupied China's Sakhalin Island.
The weak Qing government, the land cut off to maintain peace, and by the time of the signing of the Treaty of Beijing, more than 1.5 million square kilometers of Land in China had been occupied by Tsarist Russia.
However, we can see that most of the Chinese territory occupied by Russia is an ethnic minority area with a backward economy and a weak sense of locality. Under the long-term influence of feudal ideas, the Qing government believed that Sakhalin Island and other places were not "royal lands", but stubborn places, ceded to Tsarist Russia, in Zhao'an Russia, and was a kind of charity. Tsarist Russia, of course, was complacent and effortlessly encroached on one and a half million square kilometers of land.
4. Qianlong's Heshou Stone Stele
In the 1990s, Russian scholars contacted the Chinese government, and during their expedition to Sakhalin Island, they unearthed a stone stele with some Chinese characters on it. This stone stele is the Stone Stele of the Qianlong Emperor's 70th birthday, and what the Chinese side sees on the stone stele are fourteen Chinese characters: the Seventy Heavenly Sons ancient six emperors, the fifth generation of Sun Zengyu. This is the qianlong emperor's more famous poem, which means that there are six emperors in the past and the present who have lived to be over seventy years old, and he is one of them; he is the only emperor in the same hall for five generations. Moreover, the Qianlong Emperor was the longest-reigning emperor. It can be seen that he was proud of his trip at that time.
His proud words and proud heart were carved on stone tablets and placed on Sakhalin Island on the border of China at that time, in order to show his health and the vastness of the country's territory. Now, ending with such a story does make people feel a little helpless. Sakhalin Island, and the one hundred and fifty-five square kilometers of land, had become the territory of Tsarist Russia. It is now the territory of Russia.