On March 16, 2014, the results of the referendum in Crimea were released, and Russia once again took effective control of Crimea, and in the post-Russian-Ukrainian negotiations, Ukraine demanded the return of Crimea. If the timeline of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is lengthened, it can actually be found that the referendum in Crimea was the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. So, what Crimea really means for Russia and Ukraine, we will talk about it in this issue.
Crimea, the importance of geographical location has become a place of contention
Since ancient times, Crimea has become a place of contention due to its geographical importance
Crimea is not large, less than one and a half of the size of Beijing, but in history has been the focus of contention among European countries, because its geographical location is very special, Russia can deter Europe's warm port, only Crimea can meet, other countries want to invade the Caucasus here is the bridgehead. Therefore, this place has been repeatedly fought over by countless nationalities and countless countries in history, and more than a dozen wars between Russia and the Ottomans have broken out here, which shows how important Crimea is in military strategy.
Initially, Crimea had nothing to do with Russia and Ukraine
In Homer's epic poem, human activity in Crimea is recorded for the first time
In the final analysis, the original Crimea had nothing to do with Russia or Ukraine. The ancient Greek poet Homer mentioned in his epic poem "Odyssey" that the Similians were inhabited here, which is the earliest record of human activities in Crimea, but there is no historical document to say where they came from or whether they were indigenous or not, and there is no more information about the Simili people. Around the mid-7th century BC, a group of Scythians living in the Tianshan region of Xinjiang, China, migrated westward to expel the Simili. For nearly two thousand years, the Greeks, Goths, Huns, Khazarians, and Byzantines came and went here.
The Tatars established the Crimean Khanate in favor of the Ottomans
The cavalry of the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate was extremely effective
In the first half of the 13th century, the terrible Mongols came, and the Battus Expedition hit the Danube river in Europe. After the end of the Batu Western Expedition, the Vast Chincha Khanate stretched from the Shihe River (Irtysh River) in the east, to the Huroth in the west, to Lake Balkhash, the Caspian Sea, and the Black Sea in the south, and to the vast Chincha Khanate near the Arctic Circle in the north. Crimea, during this period, belonged to the territory of the Khanate of Chincha. In the process of the rise of the Mongols, another nomadic turkic tribe was conquered or absorbed by the Mongols and followed the Mongols on their western expeditions. During the Chincha Khanate, the Mongols as the ruling class were actually very few in number, and in the subsequent development the Mongols merged with the Turks who had followed them on their western expeditions, and in terms of ethnicity, the Mongols were Turkified, and they were called Tatars in Europe, and their language Tatar was a branch of the Turkic language family (not the same thing as the Tatar tribes active in the Mongolian steppe during the Ming Dynasty). The crimean name derives from the Tatar word for "Crimean", a Tatar khan who also formed the cultural tone of Crimea today during this period. In the subsequent development, the Khanate of Chincha gradually collapsed and split into many small khanates, such as the Siberian Khanate, the Kazan Khanate, including the Crimean Khanate. During the reign of the Khanate of Chincha, its upper leadership was slowly Islamized, and the Tatars in Crimea gradually converted to Islam. To the south of Crimea is the rising Ottoman Empire, whose ancestors were from the Mongolian plateau and religiously aligned in terms of ethnic origins. In the beginning, Crimea was always at a disadvantage in the struggle between Crimea and the Ottomans, so Crimea gradually became a vassal of the Ottomans, and the Ottomans occupied the southern part of the peninsula and became a province. In 1478, the Ottomans signed a treaty with the Crimean Khanate, and the rulers of Crimea became vassals of the Ottoman Sultan, who was in charge of the foreign affairs of the Khanate, and Crimea was involved in Ottoman military operations, and the Ottomans were a crimean protectorate until 1777.
The Tatars, together with their protectorate, the Ottomans, fought against Tsarist Russia
The Crimean Khanate, an active slave trade in Eastern Europe, transported East Slavs to the city of Kaffa for sale
The collapse of the Chincha Khanate, in addition to the small ones that had split off, also gave those East Slavic principalities that were already subject to the opportunity In 1480, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III defeated the great Horde after the division of the Chincha Khanate, allowing the Muscovite principality to become independent from the Great Horde and gradually annex the other smaller principalities in the surrounding areas. After becoming a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, the Crimean Khanate's greatest source of income was to go north to capture slaves, and a large number of Rosla ladies were sold from the crimean city of Kafa, which the Tatars referred to as the "harvest of the steppe peoples". At the same time, the Muscovite Principality was bound to develop southward and the Ottomans were bound to clash, so the Crimean Khanate and the Muscovite Principality remained in a state of hostility. In 1572, the Crimean Khanate besieged Moscow, and the corpses filled the Moskva River, eventually capturing 150,000 people. In this context, many countries north of the Ottoman region had joined forces to launch wars with the Ottomans many times, but because they were all harboring ghosts and could not work together, no one was willing to devote all their efforts to Turkey and the Crimean Khanate, so several conquests basically ended in failure.
During the time of Peter the Great, Tsarist Russia returned to Crimea many times without success
During the reign of Peter the Great, he fought three wars with the Ottomans, but finally returned without success
In 1547, Grand Duke Ivan IV of Moscow was crowned Tsar, and Tsarist Russia rose rapidly. By the second half of the 17th century, the once-growing Ottoman Empire began to decline, and Russia began to challenge the Ottoman hegemony to the south. In the more than 200 years that began in 1676, after the efforts of Peter the Great, Catherine I and other heroes, the national strength has caught up, and the Tsarist Russia and the Ottomans have begun a brutal contest of twelve wars. During the reign of Peter the Great, the main idea of external expansion was very clear - the sea outlet, the war with Sweden allowed Tsarist Russia to gain access to the Baltic Sea, and in the battle for the Black Sea outlet, because the Ottoman remnants were still there, Tsarist Russia did not return. During the time of Peter the Great, Tsarist Russia fought three wars with the Ottomans, and Tsarist Russia once won the first Black Sea estuary, the port of Azov, but in three wars the Ottomans recaptured the port of Azov. Peter the Great died with regrets, and it was not until the time of Catherine I that Tsarist Russia gained access to the Black Sea.
During catherine I, Tsarist Russia formally annexed Crimea
The last Khan of Crimea, Shahiyin
On October 6, 1768, the Ottoman Empire took the initiative to declare war on Tsarist Russia, and the Russian army destroyed the Ottoman Empire, and Tsarist Russia immediately took control of the Crimean Khanate and seized the area around the Kerch Strait. In 1774, Tsarist Russia forced the Ottomans to recognize crimea's independence, and then the nobles of the Crimean Khanate rebelled against the puppet Shahiin Khan of Tsarist Russia, and launched an uprising, Shahiin asked for help from Tsarist Russia, and in 1783, Tsarist Russia simply deposed Shahiyin and officially incorporated the Crimean Peninsula into its territory.
In the Crimean War of 1853, Russia was defeated but Crimea was still in its hands
Russian officers meeting on the front lines in the Crimean War
Although Tsarist Russia included Crimea in its territory, it was necessary to completely open up the Passage to the Mediterranean Sea, and it was necessary to take the Ottoman-controlled Bosphorus and Dardanelles, so the war with the Ottomans continued, and the Crimean War broke out in 1853. Britain, France and other countries feared that once Tsarist Russia completely defeated the Ottomans, Tsarist Influence would inevitably penetrate deep into the Mediterranean coast, which would threaten Britain's shipping route to India and threaten France's many colonies in North Africa, so Ottoman, British, French, and Italian (The Kingdom of Sardinia, when Italy was not unified) declared war on Tsarist Russia. At the beginning of the British and French accession, the Russian navy defeated the Ottoman navy, but after the British and French armed intervention began in 1854, the Russian army suffered a crushing defeat, and in 1855 Tsar Nicholas I was violently killed (also known as suicide). In 1856, the two sides signed the Treaty of Paris, which stipulated neutralization of the Black Sea and prohibited foreign warships from passing through the two straits of the Black Sea without the consent of Turkey, a provision that is still in force, but Crimea is still in the hands of Tsarist Russia.
The Soviet Union gave Crimea to Ukraine, but the local population was ethnic Russian in the majority
During World War II, the German general Erich von Manstein inspected Tatar collaborators
After the collapse of Tsarist Russia, Crimea has been under Soviet jurisdiction since 1918. The Tatars in Crimea had a strong sense of resistance to the Soviet Union, and when the Germans invaded Crimea in World War II, the Tatars welcomed the German army and established an armed force under the German army with the support of the German army. On May 9, 1944, after the Soviets recaptured Crimea, Stalin believed that the Tatars cooperated with Germany, and nearly 200,000 Tatars were exiled to Places such as Central Asia and Siberia, and about 46% of the exiled people died of hunger or disease, which completely changed the ethnic composition of Crimea. In 1954, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Ukraine's alliance with Russia, Crimea was assigned to Ukraine.
In 2014, people who supported Crimea's accession to Russia celebrated the results of the referendum in front of Crimea's government buildings
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Crimea naturally belonged to Ukraine, while Crimea was gradually being filled by Russians and a small number of Ukrainians, with Tatars making up only 12 percent of Crimea's population. Russians make up 60 percent of the population, which led directly to the 2014 Crimean referendum.
Historically, Crimea was originally controlled by the Tatars, Ottoman Turkey was a protectorate of the Tatars, after the rise of Tsarist Russia to acquire the territory of Crimea, in the Tsarist and Soviet period has been de-Tatarization, after the 1954 administrative order to give Crimea to Ukraine, the Crimean Peninsula is already the majority of Russians, naturally inclined to Russia.
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