The Paper's comprehensive report
The Shanghai Museum's special exhibition "Ten Thousand Years of Changchun: Special Exhibition of Calligraphy and Painting Art in Shanghai Dynasties" has attracted much attention since its opening in June. The Paper learned that on August 9, the Shanghai Museum has changed some of the exhibits in the special exhibition. At the same time, the exhibition will be extended from the original plan of September to October 9. Shanghai Bo will hold relevant academic seminars in September.
Among the newly debuted exhibits, there are 12 works/groups of works, such as Zhao Mengfu's "Xingshu Near-De-Ti Page", Ming Dynasty Zhu Yunming's "Cursive Wenfu Scroll", Mo Shilong's "Xingshu Fengshan Personnel Axis", Song Ke's "Cursive Tang Ren Song Scroll", Zhu Yunming's "Cursive Wenfu Scroll", Qing Dynasty Dong Bangda's "Imitation of Yunxi Old Man's Pen intention Axis", and Wang Jian's "Imitation Song and Yuan Landscape Atlas".
According to reports, "a history of literati painting can be said to be half related to Shanghai", the special exhibition of the Shanghai Museum combs through the achievements of Shanghai's calligraphy and painting in the past from the perspective of the history of literati painting, and examines its status and influence in art history. One of the highlights of this exhibition is to rediscover the achievements of the Shanghai painting world in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and to put forward the concept of Shanghai Wumenmenyuan/Pioneer for the first time by combing through and adding to those figures who were neglected or even almost submerged in the history of painting. The exhibition also systematically sorts out and presents the history of Shanghai's calligraphy and painting collection in the past 700 years from the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.
Schematic diagram of calligraphy and painting figures in the Shanghai area
At the beginning of the exhibition, there is a "Schematic Map of Calligraphy and Painting Figures in Shanghai", which shows the names and locations of important calligraphers and painters in Shanghai in the past. The schematic diagram is bounded by the first year of Yongle, and painters before Yongle are marked in blue, and painters after Yongle are marked in black.
"Because Yongle (1403) was an iconic node in Shanghai, Xia Yuanji governed the Huangpu River and the Wusong River. Before Yongle, the Huangpu River was actually a tributary of the Wusong River (now Suzhou River), the Wusong River undertook the main flood discharge function of the Taihu Lake Basin, through the treatment of floods many times in history, Yongle Three Years Xia Yuanji proposed to replace the function of the Wusong River, through the dredging of the Wusong River and Huangpu River by Xia Yuanji and Hai Rui, the hydrological pattern of 'Huangpu Conquering Song' was laid, and the Wusong River became a tributary of the Huangpu River. Once the Huangpu River is formed into three rivers into the sea, the geographical advantages of Shanghai's international metropolis have emerged, and many literati painters and gardens have spontaneously migrated to the east, so the formation of the Hai school is also inevitable, and the interaction between the Wumen school and the Shanghai painting world has also occurred. Ling Lizhong, director of the calligraphy and painting department of the Shanghai Museum, said.
Jin Dynasty Lu Ji "Ping Fu Ti" expanded the book
Ming Dynasty Hai Rui calligraphy, Hai Rui once participated in the control of water in Shanghai and other places
The exhibition is divided into four parts: "Artistic Pulse/Artistic Achievement", "Humanities/Regional Interaction", "Collection/Artistic Influence" and "Tidehead/Maritime Style". The first part is "Artistic Pulse/Artistic Achievement". A history of literati painting can be said to be half related to Shanghai. This section explains the important influence of the art pulse and achievements of maritime calligraphy and painting on the history of literati painting by combing through the "ancestors of the Fa Ti", Lu Ji's "Ping Fu Ti" of the Jin Dynasty, and pulling out the "Ink Drama Theory" literati painting theory (who served as a town supervisor in Qingpu Qinglong Town, Shanghai), the achievements of Shanghai literati painting in the Yuan Dynasty, the Yunjian School of Calligraphy in the early Ming Dynasty and the "Wumenmen Yuan" in Shanghai, as well as the last peak of ancient painting history, the Maritime Painting School, and even the achievements of famous artists such as Huang Binhong, Li Shutong, and Lu Yushao in modern times.
Yuan Li Sheng's "Dianhu Farewell Scroll" Shanghai Museum Collection
Yuan Li Sheng", "Dianhu Farewell Scroll (Partial)", Shanghai Museum Collection
From Li Sheng's "Farewell Map of Dianhu Lake" in the Yuan Dynasty to Ming Wen Boren's "Nanxi Caotang Picture Scroll" and Wen Jia's "Qushui Garden Map", it is a road map for the migration of Shanghai's urban humanities since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The second part is "Humanistic/Regional Interaction", which not only shows the "Farewell Map of Dianhu Lake" in the Yuan Dynasty to the "Qushui Garden Map" in the Ming Dynasty, but also focuses on shanghai's natural scenery, language and diet, humanistic composition and other customs and customs in calligraphy and painting. In particular, he pays attention to the interaction between Shanghai and Suzhou, the representatives of the two important towns of Jiangnan culture since the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the continuous changes of their water system ecology, geographical advantages, economic status and other comprehensive factors, and the interaction relationship in the field of calligraphy and painting.
Ming Ma Yu 《畿甸觀風圖卷》
Calligraphy works of Su Shi of the Song Dynasty on display
Ming Dynasty Lou Jian (Shanghai Jiading people) Bao Sushi calligraphy works
The third part of the exhibition is "Collection/Artistic Influence". Inheritance and innovation are the only way for the sustainable development of the history of Chinese painting. This section sorts out the four main stages of Shanghai's calligraphy and painting collection in the past 700 years from the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, namely "Zhaoxing" (late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty), "Four Divisions of the World" (mid-Ming Dynasty), "Peak" (late Ming and early Qing Dynasties) and "Half of the Rivers and Mountains" (late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty), and explores the influence of his artistic achievements with Shanghai calligraphers and painters on artistic activities in other regions. The last part is Shanghai's most well-known "Maritime Painting School", which presents modern and contemporary Shanghai art since 1843 in an independent exhibition hall.
Special exhibition video "Calligraphy and Painting Millennium, Meet Shanghai"
For such a thousand-year-old painting history, the organizers used multimedia to create an immersive atmosphere at the entrance of the exhibition hall, using a folded corner screen to create a naked-eye 3D effect, presenting a thousand-year art pulse blockbuster on the sea - "Calligraphy and Painting Millennium, Meet Shanghai".
The film compares the works of calligraphy and painting from past dynasties with the real scenes of today's Shanghai, highlighting the relationship between the exhibits and the time and space of Shanghai. From Songjiang to Xuhui, from Dianshan Lake to Huangpu River, the development of Shanghai's art history and Shanghai's urban heritage and character slowly emerged. At the same time, the film also aims to encourage audiences to visit the field, using exhibitions and exhibits as the starting point, radiating to the whole city and experiencing Shanghai as an art field.
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Special Exhibition Video "Calligraphy and Painting for a Thousand Years, Meet Shanghai" (15:59)
Note: Since this video is committed to creating a naked-eye 3D effect in the exhibition hall, some of the pictures in the text are slightly deformed, so please understand.
In 1843, when the merchant ships docked on the banks of the Huangpu River, Shanghai, a city that thrived on the port, became the closest port in China to Western culture. With the collision and integration of Eastern and Western cultures, the most modern international metropolis has emerged.
The tide of the Spring River is connected to the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea is born together.
If we say that the entire Chinese literary history, the spirit of Hanmo has always been the ideology and wind and bone of its inheritance. Then, in this land of "Wugen Yuejiao", the sea vein that has lasted for thousands of years also has a long history. Today, we will take the local calligraphy and painting treasures treasured by the above Bo as the main line, and take a journey to explore the scenery and explore the ancient fangs.
The poem says: "The so-called Yi people are on the side of the water." "Archaeological discoveries at the Neolithic site of Maqiao in the 1950s were found in the western part of Shanghai as early as 6,000 years ago.
A mural of the "Stone Buddha Floating River" from the Western Jin Dynasty in the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang depicts the scene of the estuary of the Wusong River at that time. The Tongxuan Temple mentioned in the story is the former Temple of Jing'an Temple in Shanghai. This painting, together with Lu Ji's "Ping Fu Ti", can be said to be the ancestor of Shanghai painting and calligraphy.
In the tenth year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (751 AD), Wu Jun's Taishou Shangshang Imperial Court established Huating County in Shanghai, which is the ancient name of today's Songjiang, and Songjiang has been an alias of Wusongjiang since ancient times.
One of the oldest surviving calligraphy works of famous artists in Shanghai is the chapter grass "Matsue Ben" "Urgent Chapter" of the "Generation of Absolute Hands" calligraphy of the Three Kingdoms period. "Matsue Ben" "Urgent Chapter", the knot is neat, the law is strict, and the atmosphere is simple and gentle. The original of the work, at present, only one stone stele remains, hidden in the Songjiang Museum, and most of the later generations are Ming and Qing Dynasty Takumoto. The calligraphy of the imperial elephant is known as "cursive only the imperial elephant" in the style of "forming one of the many".
The two brothers of the Western Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji and Lu Yun, were the grandsons of the famous Eastern Wu general Lu Xun and lived in Huating. At the top of today's Songjiang Xiaokun Mountain, there are the remains of the "Erlu Caotang". Erlu had a profound influence on the later shanghai, and the Lu family headed by them had the merit of enlightenment in Shanghai. "Taikang Zhiying" Lu Ji, whose poetry is highly written, beautiful, and the article is crowned in the world. His famous calligraphy work "Ping Fu Tie" is the earliest surviving celebrity fa shu authentic handwriting in ancient China, and is known as the "ancestor of the Fa Tie".
Songjiang has had "Nine Peaks and Three Mountains" since ancient times, and is the only place in Shanghai with mountains and water. The Ming Dynasty master of calligraphy and painting, Dong Qichang of Huating, made the "Eight Views of Yan wu" in the 24th year of the Wanli Calendar in The Beijing Division, in which Songjiang sankai shengjing, pinning on the painter's feelings for his homeland and friends.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Weizhen, in order to escape the chaos of war, migrated to Songjiang, built a garden and a garden, and spent all day singing and singing with his friends, poetry and pleasure, and traveling in the landscape, claiming to be a god among the gods. After Yang Weizhen's death, he was buried in Ganshan with Lu Juren and Qian Weishan, known as the Tomb of the Three Gaoshi, and was praised by posterity as a model of "learning and understanding". In today's Songjiang Tianma Mountain Scenic Area, there are still tombstones rebuilt by later generations. Tianma Mountain was called Ganshan in ancient times, and it is said that it is the place where Ganjiang forged swords, so it is also known as Ganjiangshan.
Ming Dynasty Huating painter Jiang Zhenji's scroll "Mountain Quiet Day Long Map", while depicting the dry mountain scenery in the nine peaks between the clouds, expresses the meditation and meaning of "the mountain is as quiet as the ancients, and the day is as long as a small year".
Another friend of Yang Weizhen is Tao Zongyi, a historian who lives in the southern village of Sijing. His "Nancun QuitTing Cultivation Record" is the first time in ancient texts to record the case of Wunijing Zodiac Po. Tao Zongyi taught in poverty all his life, and only took pleasure in writing books. In calligraphy and painting, it is known as the "Min Yuan" of the Wumen School of Painting. Among the four major painters at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Meng and Huang Gongwang all had paintings "Nancun Caotang Tu", praising Tao Zongyi's character of not admiring fame and fortune.
In 1277, Huating County was upgraded to Huating Prefecture, and the following year it was renamed Songjiang Province. Since then, the area around Songjiang has long been a place of prosperity, and the atmosphere of Wenhan has become increasingly powerful.
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the cursive writing of Zhang Bi of the Songjiang people lived alone, like "the trend of running snakes and walking", and was known as "upside down and comeback".
The "Inscription Huang Zijiu Painting Poetry Page" written by the Yuan Dynasty scholar Zhang Yu quotes the origin of the idiom about "the thought of the perch" in the "Biography of Zhang Han in the Book of Jin". Coincidentally, in the early years, Su Shi also wrote poems, but what he missed in "Hou Chibi Fu" was the four-gill perch that was abundant in the waters of the Songjiang River. In the Qing Dynasty, the calligrapher and painter Ni Yun's "Songjiang Perch Diagram", he used the technique of showing bones and natural formations, painted the poetic mood of "people on the river, but love the beauty of perch", which has the same root and nostalgia feelings as Zhang Han's "Thoughts of Perch".
In 2016, a major archaeological discovery confirmed that the area east of baihe town in Qingpu is the site of Qinglong Town, the first town in ancient Shanghai.
According to historical records, as early as the Tang and Song dynasties, with the southward shift of China's economic center, a new pattern of maritime trade was gradually formed. Qinglong Town, which is close to the northern fork of the Wusong River, has become a gathering place for maritime trade because it occupies the geographical advantage of "controlling the river and connecting the sea". In the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty calligrapher and painter Mi Fu served as the town supervisor of Qinglong Town. Mi Fu's calligraphy achievements are the greatest. Among the famous collections since the Southern Song Dynasty, most of the Fa books of Kemi Fu have been widely circulated and have far-reaching influence, and they are really second to none among the "Four Great Writers of the Northern Song Dynasty".
Qingpu has been a water town since ancient times, and Dianshan Lake in the territory is not only the largest freshwater lake in Shanghai, but also the source of the mother river Huangpu River. Li Sheng, a painter of the Yuan Dynasty, moved to the shore of Dianshan Lake in his later years, and was known as "Who Immortal". "Dianhu Farewell Map" was made in the sixth year of Zhizheng, the painting is clear and rippling, the lake and mountains are staggered; the distant peaks are towering, the scenery is quiet, and the atmosphere of farewell is sent away.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, the area around Minhang belonged to Huating County, and Shanghai County was established from the Yuan Dynasty to the 28th century of the Yuan Dynasty. In the seventh year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty, the area around The Maqiao Bridge on the north side of the upper reaches of the Pujiang River was named Minhang, which still belonged to the county government of Shanghai.
Ming Dynasty calligraphy and painting master Dong Qichang, whose origin is in Maqiao, Dong Qichang has been gifted since childhood, calligraphy, painting, poetry and literature are excellent, there are countless works in his life, affecting the history of painting behind him for nearly four hundred years, and it is also an insurmountable monument to the maritime context of a thousand years. Dong Qichang had several ups and downs in his life, once an official to the Rebbe Shangshu, and later retreated to Songjiang, and now in the old city of Songjiang, there is a Museum of Calligraphy and Painting Art and former residence of Dong Qichang.
The Ming Dynasty painter Wen Jia was the second son of Wen Zhengming, a representative of the Wumen School. His famous work "Qushui Garden Map" depicts the landscape of Qushui Garden, where Dong Qichang, the uncle of the Ming Dynasty scholar Dong Qichang of Maqiao, lived. The painting was painted in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing, when Wen Jia was fifty-nine years old and Dong Yiyang was fifty years old, and the two had close contacts.
The only existing "Qushui Garden" with the same name is the "Qushui Garden" built in the Qingpu Dayingpu River in the Qing Dynasty, although it has nothing to do with Dong Yiyang, but there is also a similarity between the two, and the "Qushui Garden" in the painting vividly reproduces the scenery of the Qushui Village on the banks of the Huangpu River, and praises the indifferent personality of the owner "Shou Humble Heart Nathan".
Jiading is located in the shade of the Wusong River, across the Liu River and Taicang, and is one of the earliest areas in Shanghai to become a land. Jiading was established as a county in the Southern Song Dynasty for ten years, and has always been a rich and prosperous place.
Jiading has flourished since ancient times, among which Ma Shi was a famous court painter in the early Ming Dynasty, and his son Ma Yu was the head of Shen Zhou's division and became one of the pioneers of the Wumen School. In ancient times, Jiading was an important town in Wudi, and there were many gardens in the area. In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Li was both a missionary and specialized in landscapes, and his famous work "Feng'a Mountain House Map" was based on the founding mansion of the Famous Scholar Hou of Jiading, but this exquisite private garden had long been destroyed in the war. Huilongtan Park, Qiuxia Garden, and Guyi Garden, which have survived to this day, are all famous gardens on the sea.
Jinshan was called sea salt in ancient times and was once a famous salt-producing town. The earliest sand embankment body on the beach in ancient times, that is, starting from Jinshan, traveling through Fengxian, Minhang, Jiading and other lines, now there is the only site in Caojing, Jinshan.
Wang Hongxu, a famous scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, was a native of Zhangyan, Jinshan. He once served as Shangshu of the Ministry of Works, supervising the construction of the Gaoyan embankment. Later, he edited the History of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Hongxu learned Dong Qichang and Mi Fu, and his calligraphy was famous. He was also a collector of calligraphy and paintings in the Qing Dynasty, yan Zhenqing's "Xingshu Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript Volume", Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Mountain Jutu" volume, dong Qichang's "Yanjiang Stacked Mountains" volume are all in his old collection.
Xuhui belonged to Huating in ancient times, and after the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Shanghai County. Today's Xujiahui is already the vice capital center of Shanghai, and Xujiahui got its name from the late Ming scholar Xu Guangqi.
Xu Guangqi was a native of Shanghai and a scholar of Wenyuange University in the late Ming Dynasty. He once established a farm garden in the place where the three waters of Fahuajing, Zhaojiabang and Puhuitang met, and cooperated with the European missionary Matteo Ricci to create a precedent for cultural exchanges between China and the West. Subsequently, the Xu family lived here for generations, so it was called XuJiahui. In addition to being proficient in various kinds of science, Xu Guangqi is particularly good at writing, working in sound rhythm, and writing fruitfully. In the sixth year of Chongzhen, Xu Guangqi died of illness. This volume of "Xu Guangqi Chongzhen's Seven-Year Commandment" is written in four or six forms on the Huang Aya book, in order to reflect Xu Guangqi's merits.
Since ancient times, Shanghai has been born of water and prospered because of Hong Kong.
According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Chun Shenjun, one of the "Four Gentlemen of the Warring States", built a big city and a dredging waterway in Eastern Wu. Because Chun Shenjun's real name is Huang Xie, the Huangpu River was called Huang Xie Pu at the earliest, and Shanghai was also called "Shen Cheng".
The ancient Chinese geographical masterpiece "Shang Shu Yu Gong" says: "The three rivers are entered, and the earthquake is fixed." Shanghai and Suzhou belong to the same Taihu Lake water system, and when the water of Taihu Lake is stable, there will be a stable life of "Su Jia ripe, the world is enough". Only then will it create a prosperous scene of tang and Song Dynasty Qinglong Town port with sails lined up and merchants gathering.
The history of Shanghai has been advanced by the history of water control that surrounds the Wusong River throughout the ages.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Ren Renfa was able to write and paint well, and the axis of the Autumn Water Qifu Diagram was its finest product. The flowers and birds are rigorously outlined, the colors are clear and clean, and the shapes are precise and vivid, which as a whole continues the tradition of flower and bird painting in the Song Dynasty court. Ren Renfa is also an accomplished water conservancy expert, and the excavation of the Yuan Dynasty Sluice Gate Site in Zhidanyuan, Putuo District, in 2001 was the Wusong River Water Conservancy Project he presided over.
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the siltation in the lower reaches of the Wusong River became increasingly serious. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Shangshu Xia Yuanji of the Ministry of Works presided over the Jiangnan Water Conservancy. After that, on the basis of Xia Yuanji's "confluence of rivers and puss", Ying Tian's inspector Fu Hairui was keen to innovate, on the one hand, dredging the Wusong River by the method of "bundled water and stirring sand", and on the other hand, vigorously excavating the downstream waterways of Huangpu, and finally laying a new pattern of "Huangpu conquering Song". At this point, the Wusong River has completely become a tributary of the Huangpu River.
The vicissitudes of the sea, the sea of hundreds of rivers. The pioneering work of Xia Yuanji and Hai Rui in controlling water eventually changed the pattern of Shanghai, and the original "first town on the sea" Qinglong Town declined due to the eastward shift of the coastline and the siltation of the waterway; Huangpu, which was originally near the sea, rose due to the situation, forming a port to the sea and becoming increasingly prosperous.
The famous "intangible cultural heritage" Gu embroidery at home and abroad, also known as "Luxiang garden Gu embroidery". In the history of Chinese embroidery craftsmanship, the one who is really famous for painting embroidery is Gu embroidery. Gu embroidery is a magnificent wonder in the crafts of the Shanghai area, which originated from the Gu family in the old city of Shanghai in the Ming Dynasty. The former "Luxiang Garden" has long been destroyed, and Gu Embroidery, which has a history of 400 years, has also been lost several times.
The core area of shanghai's old city is the Yu Garden, the owner and builder of the Yu Garden is the Ming Dynasty official Pan Yunduan, according to legend, he named this garden "Yu Garden", in order to please the old father Paine who returned to his hometown to raise his elderly father.
Today, standing across the river from the mouth of the Huangpu River where the Suzhou River flows into today, is the Lujiazui Financial Center, which is lined with skyscrapers. In Shanghai's place names, the one with the "mouth" usually refers to the bend of the river. The name of Lujiazui is derived from the fact that the Lu family of the rich and prestigious family lives here. In the Ming Dynasty, Hanlin edited Lu Shencai's profound knowledge and exquisite appreciation, but unfortunately, the former Yushan Study Room has long gone.
If viewed from the air, the Huangpu River is S-shaped between the two ends of the old city box and Lujiazui, if the two are yin and yang, it just constitutes a taiji diagram, very harmonious, magnificent!
Appendix: Newly replaced exhibits for special exhibitions
On August 9, 2021, the "Ten Thousand Years of Changchun - Special Exhibition of Calligraphy and Painting Art in Shanghai Dynasties" has been renewed for some of the exhibits, and the new ones are:
Yuan Zhao Mengfu 《行書近得帖页》
Ming 《Gu Xiu Vetuo Tu Page》
Ming Yuan Fuzheng 《行書札页》
Ming Mo is the dragon "Secretary Feng Shan Personnel Axis"
Ming Mo Ruzhong《 Xingshu to Dong Yiyang Za Page》
Ming Song Ke "Cursive Tang Dynasty Song Scroll"
Ming Zhu Yunming 《Cursive Writing Volume》
Qing Wu Youru 《Dianshizhai Pictorial Original Manuscript Page》
Qing Hua Yao Interpretation of the Ming Dynasty "Gao Ting Looking at the Plum Album" (two openings)
Qing Dong Bangda 《Imitation of Yunxi Old Man's Pen Intention Axis》
Qing Wang Jian ,Imitation song and Yuan Landscape Atlas(12th selection 2)
One of the modern Tao Lengyue "Songyue Qingquan Tongjing Screen"
Special exhibition will be extended to Saturday, October 9, 2021
(This article is based on the above Blog and the surging news materials)
Editor-in-Charge: Lu Linhan
Proofreader: Ding Xiao