Editor's note: Political risk is a major risk to the ruling party, and political security is at the core of national security. Preventing and defusing political risks in the new era is related to the long-term peace and stability of the party and the country, and to the security of the party's ruling power and the security of state power. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping has put forward a series of important expositions on preventing and resolving major risks, providing theoretical guidance for the party to prevent and resolve political risks in the new era, making the "timetable" for preventing and resolving political risks more urgent, the "road map" clearer, and the "mission statement" more clear. In the new era, the party must take the continuous consolidation of the party's political foundation as the core, the solid enhancement of the party's political consciousness as the key, the comprehensive optimization of the party's political environment as the premise, and the effective strengthening of the party's system construction as the guarantee, scientifically and effectively prevent and resolve political risks, and ensure the smooth progress of the cause of socialist modernization.
Preventing and defusing political risks is a topic of the times that the COMMUNIST Party of China has been constantly exploring and improving since its founding a hundred years ago. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China has faced major changes unprecedented in a century, which is not only the trend of development and change in the world pattern today, but also the clue of the times for the party to prevent and resolve political risks. Taking the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Nineteenth National Congress and the Fourth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as the time node, the Party's prevention and resolution of political risks in the new era has undergone a specific process of layer by layer from putting forward basic concepts to clarifying the main categories to deepening systematic methods. Regarding the party's prevention and resolution of political risks in the new era, Xi Jinping pointed out that "it is necessary to have the first hand to prevent risks, but also to have a high-level trick to deal with and resolve risks and challenges; it is necessary to fight a prepared battle to prevent and resist risks, and also to fight a strategic active battle to turn danger into disaster and turn crisis into opportunity"[1], turning passive response into active attack, which points out the practical direction for the party to prevent and resolve political risks in the new era. Exploring practical countermeasures to prevent and resolve political risks in the new era is the proper meaning of the topic of continuously improving the quality of party building.
I. The era value of the Party in preventing and defusing political risks in the new era
Political risk is a sensitive factor and emerging tendency problem that can easily induce political problems, especially major emergencies. From the perspective of objectivity, "political risks mainly include political risks, institutional risks, political risks, policy risks, and foreign relations risks"[2]; from the endogenous division, political risks mainly involve subjective risks such as mental slackness, lack of ability, separation from the masses, and passive corruption; from the exogenous division, political risks mainly cover objective risks such as economic and social transformation, institutional reform, hegemonism, and power politics [3]. Political risk is a complex system collection concept involving various types of risks, with the characteristics of correlation, systematicness and coupling. To prevent and resolve political risks in the new era, we should understand and position the major practical proposition of "preventing and resolving political risks in the new era" from three angles, such as improving the party's political ability, resolving the main contradictions in society, and strengthening the construction of the cadre contingent.
1. Preventing and defusing political risks is an inevitable requirement for improving the Party's political ability. "Political ability is the ability to grasp the direction, grasp the general situation, and grasp the overall situation, and is the ability to distinguish between political right and wrong, maintain political determination, control the political situation, and prevent political risks." [4]. First, the party's political ability is the ability of party members and cadres to put first. Stressing politics in a clear-cut manner is our party's fine tradition and good work style, and strengthening the party's political capacity building is the ability to strengthen its political stance, clarify its political direction, implement policies and tactics, and achieve political goals. Looking at the party's century-long development course, the key to our party's ability to overcome one difficulty after another and win one victory after another lies in our party's consistent strengthening of the party's political capacity building, taking the improvement of the level of governing the country as an important part of the party's political capacity building, and taking the strengthening of the party's ruling capacity as the core of the party's political capacity building, and continuously improving the party's political capacity building while preventing and defusing major risks. Second, preventing and defusing political risks is not only an important way to improve the party's political ability, but also an important experience. Whether it is the period of revolutionary construction or the period of comprehensively deepening reform, we have prevented and resolved political risks, resolved major contradictions in society, achieved the political goal of building the party, enriching the party, strengthening the party, and rejuvenating the party, and effectively promoted the improvement of the party's political ability. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party's goal of preventing and defusing political risks has become clearer, the means have become more mature, and the results have become more remarkable, which has greatly improved the Party's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, and enhanced the Party's ability to purify itself, improve itself, innovate itself, and improve itself. Third, the current situation in which the party is facing the "four major tests" and the "four major dangers" is still grim, and the problem of weakening the party's political ability is still very dangerous and destructive; to prevent the rebound of these problems and transform them into political risks that endanger the party's ruling security, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the party's ability and ability to prevent and defuse political risks, cut off the "risk source" that weakens the party's political ability, and improve the party's political ability.
2. Preventing and resolving political risks is the premise and guarantee for resolving the main contradictions in society. Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must always be prepared to deal with major challenges, resist major risks, overcome major obstacles, and resolve major contradictions. [5] At present, the world is facing major changes unprecedented in a century, China is in the process of profound transformation of the economic and social structure, the overall stability of domestic development, but also into the "ship to the middle stream, people to the middle of the mountain" key stage of development, if not handled properly, it is bound to intensify social contradictions and bring new political risks. At the present stage, to resolve major contradictions is to properly resolve the main contradictions in society, safeguard the country's political security, and realize the country's long-term peace and stability and social harmony and stability. The important thesis on the development and transformation of the main contradictions in society made in the report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes that constantly resolving the main contradictions in society is to solve the problem of unbalanced and insufficient economic and social development to meet the new needs of the people for a growing better life. On the one hand, the fundamental starting point and foothold for preventing and resolving political risks and resolving major contradictions in society are all from the perspective of the people, with the protection of the fundamental interests of the people as the common value to follow, so the two have commonality and consistency in the people's position; on the other hand, preventing and resolving political risks can provide a stable international and domestic environment for resolving the main contradictions in society through the study, assessment, and resolution of political risks at home and abroad, which is the premise and guarantee for resolving the main contradictions in society.
3. Improving the ability to prevent and resolve political risks is an inevitable choice for strengthening the construction of the cadre team. Xi Jinping pointed out: "The implementation of the party's political construction in the construction of the cadre team requires continuously improving the ability of leading cadres at all levels, especially senior cadres, to grasp the direction, grasp the general trend, and grasp the overall situation, distinguish between political right and wrong, maintain political determination, control the political situation, and prevent political risks." [6] The ability and level of preventing and defusing political risks not only reflects the political quality of Communist Party members, but also embodies the revolutionary spirit of Communist Party members. It emphasizes the need to integrate the prevention and resolution of political risks into the implementation of the construction of the cadre contingent in the new era, and to achieve a comprehensive improvement of the political and ideological nature of the construction of the cadre contingent. On the one hand, preventing and resolving political risks will help enhance the political nature of cadre team building. Political nature is a requirement for strengthening the political construction of the contingent of cadres. Xi Jinping pointed out: "Taking a clear-cut stand on politics is the fundamental requirement of our party as a Marxist political party. [7] 48 Political construction is the fundamental construction of the construction of the contingent of party members and cadres in the new era, and is the "secret key" to prevent and resolve political risks in the new situation. In the new era, only by improving the political, serious, and organizational nature of preventing and defusing political risks can we ensure that party members and cadres can adhere to political principles, strengthen political positions, implement political requirements, and realize the political nature of cadre team building in the process of preventing and resolving political risks. On the other hand, preventing and defusing political risks is conducive to realizing the ideological nature of cadre team building. Ideological nature is a practical requirement for strengthening the ideological construction of the contingent of cadres. Ideology is the precursor to action, and ideological party building and theoretical strengthening of the party are the advanced work style and fine traditions that the CPC has consistently adhered to in the face of risks and tests in the history of its century-long struggle. Only by ideologically taking the important exposition on preventing and defusing political risks in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide, unswervingly educating party members and cadres, consolidating the ideological foundation for preventing political risks, adhering to the ideological "bottom line", not stepping on the moral "red line", not touching the "high-pressure line" of political ethics, and deeply studying Marxist theory on risk prevention, can we truly enhance the sense of responsibility and mission of preventing and resolving political risks, and improve the risk management ability of party members and cadres.
Second, continuously consolidating the party's political foundation is the core of preventing and defusing political risks
Xi Jinping pointed out: "It is necessary to put the quasi-political direction, adhere to the party's political leadership, consolidate the political foundation, conserve the political ecology, prevent political risks, always maintain the true color of politics, improve political ability, and provide an important guarantee for the continuous development and growth of our party and its progress from victory to victory." [6] Adhering to the party's leadership, adhering to the people-centered approach, and adhering to the cultivation of a clean and healthy political ecology are the political foundation for the party to prevent and resolve political risks in the new era. The century-long history of the DEVELOPMENT OF the Communist Party of China proves that only by continuously consolidating the party's political foundation for preventing and defusing political risks can we enhance the CPC's ability to cope with political risks and safeguard the country's political security.
1. Adhere to the Party's leadership. Xi Jinping pointed out: "Preventing and resolving major risks is the political responsibility of party committees, governments and leading cadres at all levels. [7]223 Preventing and defusing political risks is the mission and responsibility of the party, the government, and leading cadres, and its inherent requirements must be to persistently adhere to the party's leadership. To uphold the party's leadership, the most fundamental thing is to uphold the authority of the party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, which is the fundamental premise for preventing and defusing political risks in the new era. On the one hand, preventing and defusing political risks and adhering to the party's leadership have inherited and developed Marx and Engels's theory on establishing the authority of political parties to prevent and defuse risks. Marx and Engels pointed out that in the process of promoting the proletarian party to prevent and defuse major risks, the first proposition is to safeguard the authority of the proletarian party and realize the political liberation of the proletariat. In guiding the revolutionary practice of the Paris Commune, Engels emphasized: "Can the Commune support even one day when it does not use the authority of arming the people in the face of the bourgeoisie? [8]227 Engels made the important assertion that "problems are solved by authority".[8]225 It can be seen that establishing political authority has great value and significance for resolving risks and contradictions. In the new era, to prevent and defuse political risks, the party must establish the political authority of the proletarian party, adhere to the party's leadership and strengthen party building, and continuously improve the quality of party building. On the other hand, adhering to the party's leadership provides an important guarantee for scientifically coping with complex situations and arduous tasks in the new era. Xi Jinping pointed out: "In the face of complex situations and arduous tasks, we must fully grasp the unprecedented major changes in the world in a hundred years and the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation, effectively cope with major challenges, resist major risks, overcome major obstacles, resolve major contradictions, carry out great struggles with many new historical characteristics, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. [9] Adhering to the party's leadership provides an organizational foundation for maintaining the order of socialist political and economic development with Chinese characteristics and maintaining national stability and social unity. It is necessary to continuously consolidate the party's leadership, strengthen the party's self-building, safeguard the party's authority, and "ensure that the people enjoy broader and fuller rights and freedoms"[10] in order to strengthen party building, promote the party's strong leadership, and achieve the goal of preventing and defusing political risks.
2. Adhere to the people-centered approach. The support of the masses of the people is the most reliable source of strength for the CPC and a solid foundation for preventing and defusing political risks in the new era. The first is to pay close attention to the people's hearts and minds, which is the biggest politics. To cope with the risks and challenges of the new era, we must adhere to the people-centered development concept, discover risks and challenges from the fundamental interests of the people, solve fundamental contradictions and problems, and continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness and security. The second is to adhere to the problem-oriented. The voice of the masses of the people is the first signal of our party, and solving the practical problems of the masses of the people is the direction of our efforts. Vigorously collect the problems that the masses are most concerned about, the most direct, the most realistic, and the most strongly reflective through activities such as grass-roots units, visits, and network solicitations, and sort out and classify them, so that the realization, protection, and development of the people's vital interests run through the whole process of preventing and defusing political risks. The third is to closely rely on the masses. Through publicity and education, improve the masses' awareness of risk prevention and control and risk mitigation capabilities, let the people become a new force for preventing and resolving political risks, and form a new pattern of political risk prevention work led by the government, participated in by the masses, and collective wisdom and efforts. The fourth is to adhere to the principle of serving the people wholeheartedly. Adhering to the principle of serving the people wholeheartedly means that in the new era, we must constantly meet the needs of the people for a better life, safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, and constantly resolve the risk contradictions of unbalanced and insufficient development. "The people are the source of our strength. As long as we share weal and woe with the people and struggle in unity with the people, there will be no difficulties that cannot be overcome and no tasks that cannot be completed." [11]410. It is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the masses of the people in preventing and defusing political risks, so that the masses of the people can become participants, practitioners, and pioneers in preventing and defusing political risks.
3. Persist in nurturing a clean and healthy political ecology. Cultivating a clean and healthy political ecology is a political requirement for clearly stressing politics in the new era and safeguarding the core position of the party's leadership, and it is also a major requirement and realistic embodiment of preventing and defusing political risks. The first is to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the political responsibility of managing the party and governing the party. Strengthen responsibility, implement well the main responsibility of party committees and the supervision responsibilities of discipline inspection commissions for comprehensively and strictly administering the party, implement the work deployment of preventing and defusing political risks in all links, posts, and fields, improve the responsibility mechanism vertically to the end and horizontally to the edge, and form a strong joint force for risk prevention and control. The second is to build a "weather vane" for selecting and employing people. Earnestly implement the standards for cadres, establish a loyal, clean, and responsible orientation for employing people, and pay attention to the training, identification, and appointment of cadres in the "six frontlines." With the correct orientation of employing people, we will form a refreshing comradely relationship, a clean government-business relationship, and a well-behaved relationship between superiors and subordinates. The third is to maintain a high-pressure posture against corruption. Strictly examine corruption, strictly enforce the corruption accountability system, and severely crack down on corruption, resolutely rectify the corruption around the people, deepen the symptoms and root causes of corruption with a zero-tolerance attitude, prevent the emergence of risks and harms caused by corruption problems, and prevent small problems from becoming big problems and small pipes from turning into big collapses. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the restraint and supervision of the operation of power and consolidate the overwhelming momentum of the anti-corruption struggle.
Third, solidly improving the party's political consciousness is the key to preventing and defusing political risks
Political risks are major political issues that any ruling party must face, and to prevent and resolve political risks, we must solidly enhance the party's political consciousness and use political consciousness to promote action consciousness to prevent and resolve political risks. It is necessary to take the establishment of a bottom-line thinking as the foundation, the carry forward of the spirit of struggle as the driving force, and the strengthening of political capacity building as the content, always keep a sober mind, and prevent the risk of endangering the party's ruling position and the country's political security.
1. Be sure to establish a bottom-line thinking. Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must prevent and control all kinds of risks, but the focus should be on preventing and controlling the overall risks that may delay or interrupt the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which is the fundamental meaning of my bottom-line thinking." [12] To prevent and resolve political risks and adhere to the establishment of bottom-line thinking, it is necessary to formulate minimum standards and goals to seek high expectations under the condition of fully considering risks and difficulties, "not only to see the achievements and opportunities, but also to see the shortcomings and deficiencies, difficulties and challenges, to see the risks brought to us by the development and change of the situation, to focus on the worst, to make the most adequate preparations, to work in a good direction, and to strive for the best results" [13]. The first is to persist in grasping the issue of principle with bottom-line thinking. The bottom line is the "red line", to prevent and resolve political risks, we must keep the bottom line of political security, adhere to the bottom line of social stability, and delineate the bottom line of political ecology. Adhere to the principle of unifying scientific and epochal nature, identify political risks in a timely manner, do a good job of scientific prediction and prevention and control of political risks, establish and improve risk scientific management standards with risk identification, dynamic monitoring, risk early warning, and risk response as the main content, and form a theory of preventing and resolving political risks with distinct characteristics of the times. Adhere to the principle of systematization and strategic unity, accurately understand the systemic and complex nature of preventing and resolving political risks, accurately judge the new forms, new changes, and new trends of political risks in the new era, strengthen the establishment of strategic vision and global thinking, and provide Chinese solutions for preventing and resolving political risks worldwide. The second is to adhere to the bottom line thinking to make up for the shortcomings. Xi Jinping stressed that we must be good at making up for shortcomings and pay attention to reinforcing the bottom plate. The "barrel principle" enlightens us that the short board is a key problem that restricts the overall comprehensive development. We should take precautions against and resolve the shortcomings of political risks, prevent micro-risks, and do a good job of prevention in a timely manner in places where risks and hazards may occur, so as to ensure that small risks will not become major hazards. The third is to adhere to the bottom line thinking to seek high goals. When carrying out scientific planning for risk prevention and control, it is necessary to formulate reliable and effective planning with bottom-line thinking, including formulating strategic objectives and specific countermeasures for risk prevention and control, forming a risk prevention and control model of macro guidance of top-level design and micro-implementation of specific practice, and ultimately seeking the high goals of national prosperity, national rejuvenation and people's happiness in the new era.
2. We must persist in carrying forward the spirit of struggle. Xi Jinping stressed: "To prevent and resolve risks, we need to have a strong and tenacious spirit of struggle. [1] Daring to struggle and being good at struggle is not only the distinct political character and fearless heroism of Chinese communists, but also the fine tradition of the Communist Party of China, and also an important magic weapon and powerful weapon for preventing and defusing major political risks in the new situation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation cannot be achieved easily by beating a gong and a drum. Similarly, preventing and defusing political risks in the new era is a task that needs to be carried out in a down-to-earth manner, implemented in a down-to-earth manner, and achieved for a long time, and it is not something that can be achieved easily, and it is necessary for party members and leading cadres at all levels to consciously carry forward the spirit of struggle, enhance their ability to struggle, and actively face risks and challenges. On the one hand, to grasp the theory of risk struggle, it is necessary to learn to understand and understand the results of the party's innovative theories, master the methods and methods of Marxism on risk struggle, enhance the sensitivity of struggle, constantly build a solid ideological foundation for struggle, strengthen the political stand of struggle, summon up the political courage of struggle, "go to real swords and real guns in major struggles" [1], gain insight into the trend of political risks and the law of development and evolution, and enhance the scientific nature of risk struggles; on the other hand, to strengthen the experience of risk struggles, we must strengthen the experience of risk struggles, and we must strengthen the experience of risk struggles in places where there are great difficulties, contradictions, and urgent risks We should increase our ability to struggle, temper our will to struggle, enhance our courage to struggle, take the initiative to plunge ourselves into the struggle to deal with all kinds of risks, dare to show our swords in the face of major issues of right and wrong, dare to stand up in the face of contradictions and sufferings, dare to face difficulties in the face of crises and conflicts, and dare to resolutely struggle in the face of unhealthy trends and evil tendencies, and "with the tenacious will of 'smoothing the rough road into a road, fighting and overcoming difficulties and dangers and starting again'" [1] to prevent and resolve all kinds of political risks.
3. It is imperative to strengthen political capacity-building. Xi Jinping stressed that to prevent and resolve major risks, it is necessary to strengthen the political capacity building of the majority of party members and leading cadres. First, it is necessary to continuously strengthen ideological armament, enhance ideological leadership, and enhance the awareness of political risks and challenges. Continuously strengthen theoretical cultivation, deepen the study of Marxist ideological theory on preventing and defusing risks, strengthen the "four histories" study and education practice activities, systematically summarize the experience of preventing and resolving political risks in the history of the party and the country, enhance the understanding of the Chinese-style Marxist theory of preventing and resolving political risks, often check the benchmark against the table, timely calibrate deviations, and improve the ability to prevent and control political risks. The second is to strengthen the ability to identify political risks and predict political risks. Scientific identification and prediction of political risks is the basis and premise for preventing and resolving political risks. It is necessary to be able to promptly discover and take preventive measures to establish and improve a scientific and perfect political risk prevention plan for possible emerging and tendentious risks, and to identify political risks and reduce the harmfulness of political risks with keen political risk identification and prejudgment. The broad masses of party members and leading cadres should firmly establish the overall concept of national security and earnestly enhance their ability to gain insight into political risks. The third is to enhance the party's ability to execute political risks. Firmly establish the awareness of the Party Central Committee, local Party committees, Party grass-roots organizations, Party branches, Party groups, and the majority of Party members to "play a game of chess", and give play to the overall joint force of the Party's organizational system to prevent and resolve political risks. Party members and cadres should establish a sense of political risk prevention and control, strengthen political ability training and political practice experience, continuously master risk prevention and control knowledge, familiarize themselves with risk prevention and control methods, broaden the vision of risk prevention and control, lay a solid foundation for risk prevention and control knowledge, enhance the awareness of risk struggle, and solidly improve risk prevention and control, risk mitigation, and risk disposal capabilities.
Fourth, comprehensively optimizing the party's political environment is the premise for preventing and defusing political risks
The core of national security is political security, and the root of political security is the security of governance. Therefore, safeguarding the security of the ruling party, ensuring political security, and realizing national stability, harmony and security are the primary and fundamental tasks for preventing and resolving political risks in the new era. It is necessary to start from three angles, such as improving the ability to integrate political resources, grasping the basic law of preventing and defusing political risks, and preventing and resolving linkage political risks, comprehensively optimizing the party's political environment, and continuously improving the quality and level of the party's prevention and resolution of political risks.
1. Improve the ability to integrate political resources. In the new era, to prevent and resolve political risks and strengthen the ability to control political risks, it is necessary to continuously improve the ability to integrate political resources and transform the advantages of political resources into the advantages of preventing and resolving political risks, which is not only the skill requirement for party members and cadres to improve the level of political risk governance, but also the scientific method and strategic requirement for preventing and resolving political risks. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the ability to coordinate public political resources. The first is to persist in transforming the political leadership advantages of the Communist Party of China and the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics in concentrating forces on major events into the advantages of the ability to integrate political resources, mobilize the strength of all parties, coordinate all kinds of resources, and comprehensively use political, economic, military, diplomatic, legal and other resources and multiple means to prevent and resolve hidden dangers of political risks, and improve the efficiency of risk management; the second is to improve the ability to guide public opinion, make new media bigger and stronger in the new era, give play to the key role of the "mouthpiece" of the party media, and explore and improve the reform of the media innovation mechanism. Create powerful new political and legal media, correctly give play to the guiding role of online media in the ideological field, and maintain online ideological security. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the ability to coordinate non-public political resources. The first is to give full play to the joint efforts of grass-roots organizations and the masses of the people in risk prevention and control, establish and improve the key risk prevention and control work system; the second is to improve the application skills of modern science and technology, vigorously give play to modern scientific and technological means, comprehensively use network supervision, technical investigation, big data and other means to promote intelligent construction, strengthen the detection, early warning, and disposal of political risks, form an all-round, three-dimensional, scientific and technological, and modern risk prevention and control pattern, and minimize risk hazards.
2. Grasp the basic laws of preventing and defusing political risks. Xi Jinping pointed out that "prejudging risks is the premise of risk prevention, and grasping the trend of risks is the key to seeking strategic initiative"[14], and keenly grasping the law of political risk evolution and preventing chain reactions is an important basis and premise for preventing and resolving political risks. On the one hand, it is necessary to always look at the overall situation, always think about the overall situation, and use scientific thinking to "scientifically foresee the trend of the development of the situation and the risks and challenges hidden in it" [1]. Establishing a scientific way of thinking is to scientifically anticipate the development trend of the situation and hide the necessary preparations for the risks and challenges in it. Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to "improve the ability of strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, innovative thinking, rule of law thinking, and bottom-line thinking, and be good at grasping the law from complex risk contradictions" [1]. It is necessary to continuously study the basic tenets of Marxism, and only by mastering the scientific world outlook and methodology that run through them and establishing scientific methods of thinking can we truly grasp the basic law of preventing and defusing political risks. On the other hand, we should pay close attention to the "six major effects" of preventing and defusing political risks: First, the "backflow effect" of exogenous variables affecting social security and stability caused by the increase of imported risks abroad; second, to prevent the "confluence effect" of "enemy-independence confluence," "internal and external confluence," and "new and old confluence"; third, to prevent the "superposition effect" of various social contradictions caused by the intertwining and superposition of various social contradictions caused by the interest demands of groups in key areas; and fourth, to prevent the emergence of domestic and foreign interaction, cross-regional linkage, and cross-group aggregation. Linkage effect"; fifth, to prevent rumors and rumors from being instigated by the Internet and make the "storm in the teacup" suddenly become the "amplification effect" of the "tornado" in real society; the sixth is to prevent the emergence of long-term accumulation of risk contradictions and the "induction effect" of escalation and amplification under the inducement of external input risks.
3. Prevent and resolve linkage political risks. At present, the world is in a major change that has not been seen in a century, there are various uncertainties, risk contradictions are complex and changeable, and the task of risk prevention and resolution is extremely arduous. Xi Jinping pointed out: "It is necessary to coordinate the two overall situations at home and abroad, and the two major issues of development and security, focus on the key points and take the overall situation into account, and effectively prevent various risk chain linkages." [7]222 Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and resolve domestic and international linkage political risks, and provide a stable political environment for maintaining national political security. On the one hand, it is clear from the domestic situation that the linkage of preventing and resolving political risks is clear. At present, risks in the political field and risks in the economic field, risks in the cultural field, risks in the social field, and risks in the ecological field are intertwined and complex, and they affect the whole body. Therefore, we must strengthen our confidence and determination to comprehensively deepen reform, implement the goals and tasks of comprehensively deepening reform, and neither take the old road of being closed and rigid, nor can we take the evil road of changing banners and changing banners, and unswervingly take the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Be bold and take steady steps, not only to boldly explore and dare to blaze new trails, but also to be prudent and prudent, to think twice before acting" [11]348, always maintain the correct direction of reform, and ensure that the party will not have systemic political risks and will not make subversive mistakes. On the other hand, from the international situation, it is clear that the linkage of preventing and resolving political risks is clear. Focusing on the general trend of global environmental development, in view of the current global turmoil, the increase in unstable factors and risk points, and the ever-changing world development situation, the CPC has put forward a Chinese plan to prevent and resolve political risks on a world scale and maintain international peace, that is, to build a community with a shared future for mankind. This is an international community in which all mankind is closely related, we share weal and woe, and we are coexisting in common prosperity, and it is a grand cause of jointly coping with the international environmental crisis, poverty and terrorism, and working together for the well-being of mankind, rather than being forced to take sides under the Cold War mentality. The China plan fully demonstrates Xi Jinping's strategic thinking of overall coordination and treatment of both symptoms and root causes for preventing and resolving political risks, contributes Chinese wisdom and Chinese strength to international peace and development, and provides a peaceful international political environment for preventing and resolving linkage political risks.
V. Earnestly strengthening the building of the party system is the guarantee for preventing and defusing political risks
Xi Jinping pointed out: "The more severe and complex the development environment, the more we must unswervingly deepen reform, improve all aspects of the system, improve the governance system, promote system construction and governance efficiency to better transform and integrate, and be good at using institutional advantages to cope with the impact of risks and challenges." [15] To prevent and resolve political risks, it is necessary to establish a sound system and system, resolutely implement the party's political system, and provide institutionalized guarantees for scientific response to political risks.
1. Strengthen the formulation and planning of policies and strategies. Persist in unifying a firm political stance, correct policies and tactics, and scientific means and methods, scientifically plan policies and strategies for preventing and defusing political risks, grasp the timing, degree, and effectiveness of preventing and defusing political risks, turn risks into opportunities, and realize the organic unity of political, social, and legal effects. First, it is necessary to clarify the basic principles for formulating a system for preventing and defusing political risks in the new era. It is necessary to closely integrate the requirements, actual needs, and practical experience of the central authorities, formulate a risk prevention and control system that meets the requirements of the development of the times, improve the existing systems and systems, and abolish the systems that are not suitable. In line with the principle of being comprehensive in law and simplifying things, we should pay attention to the combination and support of substantive norms and safeguard norms for risk prevention and control, and ensure the pertinence, operability, and guidance of political risk prevention and control. Second, we must attach great importance to the implementation of the system of preventing and defusing political risks. The vitality of system building does not lie in formulation but in implementation. System building does not lie in more, but in refinement, in pragmatic and effective. It is necessary to give full play to the role of the system in preventing and defusing political risks, implement the system from person to person, so that the system can be used to manage power and manage people, and improve the enforcement power of the system for preventing and defusing political risks. Third, it is necessary to clarify the basic requirements for the implementation of the system of preventing and defusing political risks. It is necessary to persist in implementing the system of preventing and defusing political risks, and there are no exceptions to the implementation system, to ensure that there are no "secret doors," no "skylights," and no "dead ends," to resolutely safeguard the authority and seriousness of the system for preventing and defusing political risks, to constantly correct behaviors that are ordered and prohibited in the field of political risk prevention and control, and to make the system of preventing and defusing political risks a hard constraint rather than a rubber band.
2. Strengthen the construction of political risk mechanisms. Mechanism construction is relative to the static system construction, it has dynamic, flexible, social and other characteristics, is the specific expression and implementation form of the system outside. Preventing and resolving political risks is a long-term and arduous task, whether it is internal risks or external risks, it is necessary to take the perfect system as the guarantee, to operate an effective mechanism as the support, and constantly consolidate the four beams and eight pillars of the new era mechanism for preventing and resolving political risks. On the one hand, it is necessary to establish an integrated prevention mechanism for regime risks, system risks, political risks, policy risks and foreign relations risks as soon as possible. The first is to conduct a scientific assessment of the integrated prevention mechanism, improve the assessment norms, clarify the assessment content, expand the main body of assessment participation, optimize the assessment procedures, and realize the normalization and long-term effectiveness of the assessment of the risk prevention mechanism; the second is to establish a leading group for the construction of the integrated prevention mechanism, effectively strengthen organizational leadership, and formulate detailed implementation rules for the construction of the integrated prevention mechanism; the third is to establish and improve the evaluation mechanism of the integrated prevention mechanism, and make every effort to realize a complete, scientific, and effective integrated political risk prevention mechanism. On the other hand, it is also necessary to establish a strong guarantee mechanism and form a set of working mechanisms with unified command, responsive response, coordination and order, and efficient operation. "This set of working mechanisms for preventing and defusing political risks should be a complete system composed of early warning mechanisms, assessment mechanisms, decision-making mechanisms, mobilization mechanisms, disposal mechanisms, information disclosure mechanisms, and basic guarantee mechanisms." [16] Through the construction of a series of risk mechanisms, the whole process of the occurrence and development of various political risks is objectively monitored, and the inducements and precautions for the occurrence of political risks, the evolution and effective control of risks during the event, and the after-the-fact governance and resolution of risks are comprehensively and three-dimensionally managed.
3. Persist in taking the Constitution as the guide, establish and complete relevant laws and regulations to prevent and resolve political risks. Implementing the relevant laws and regulations on preventing and defusing political risks under the leadership of the Constitution is not only a legal requirement to follow the Constitution as the fundamental law of the country, strengthen party building, and improve the quality of party building, but also to implement the proper meaning of the topic of comprehensively and strictly administering the party and adhering to the rule of law, so as to provide legal guarantees for the party's ruling security and the country's political security. First, party members and cadres should continue to study and comprehensively understand the relevant laws and regulations on preventing and defusing political risks. Through study, we can not only clearly grasp the scientific system of relevant laws and regulations, but also achieve the purpose of promoting action with knowledge, seeking knowledge with action, and integrating knowledge with action, but also firmly establish the authority of the legal system. Second, it is necessary to continuously revise and improve relevant laws and regulations on preventing and defusing political risks. The "National Security Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Counter-Espionage Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Counter-Espionage Law of the People's Republic of China," and the "National Intelligence Law of the People's Republic of China, which are in force at the current stage, are the concretization of the Constitution in preventing and defusing political risks and safeguarding national political security. In accordance with legal procedures and scientific methods, we will continue to revise and improve them to ensure that they are in line with the relevant laws and regulations currently in the party, so as to provide a solid legal guarantee for preventing and resolving political risks and improving risk prevention and control capabilities in the new era. The third is to resolutely implement the relevant laws and regulations on preventing and defusing political risks. With the Constitution to guide the practice of preventing and defusing political risks, all party members should standardize and restrain the behavior of party members and cadres in accordance with the principles of "linking theory with practice, maintaining close ties with the masses, carrying out criticism and self-criticism", "emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts", and "adhering to democratic centralism", and implement relevant laws on preventing and defusing political risks.
VI. Conclusion
Political risk is the risk profile that is at the forefront of all risks. In the new era, the party's prevention and resolution of political risks is a realistic requirement for safeguarding national political security, political power security, and ruling security, and resolutely establishing an overall national security concept. At present, China's reform and opening up undertaking has entered a deep-water area and a period of tackling tough problems, and in the journey of realizing a socialist modern power, all kinds of risk factors affecting political security will inevitably increase, the types of risks will continue to be diverse, the risk hazards will continue to escalate, the difficulty of risk governance will continue to increase, all kinds of new contradictions and new situations and new problems will continue to emerge, and all kinds of risk challenges will gradually increase. In the new era, in the face of the complex situation of intertwining world conditions, national conditions, mass conditions, and party conditions, it is necessary to adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping's important exposition on preventing and resolving major risks, promote the optimization and upgrading of the party's prevention and resolution of political risks, unswervingly consolidate the party's political foundation, enhance the party's political consciousness, optimize the party's political environment, strengthen the party's system construction, and ensure the long-term peace and stability of the party and the country.