When Marshal Zhu De recalled the experience of the Nanchang Uprising to Jinggangshan, he mentioned his old classmate Fan Shisheng many times and has always been full of gratitude to him. In 1944, Zhu De said at a symposium on compiling the combat history of the First Army of the Red Army: "Because of my personal classmate relationship with Fan Shisheng, our soldiers, guns, ammunition, uniforms, medicine, etc. have been replenished, and the troops have also been well rested. All this has played a great role in our future struggles! ”
In June 1960, Zhu De, Chen Qihan and Yang Zhicheng talked about Fan Shisheng again: "The most generous and selfless assistance I have encountered in my life is only Fan Shisheng this time. Otherwise, it is difficult to say that a few people will be left to go to Jinggangshan to meet Mao Zedong. ”
Jude
So who is this Fan Shisheng? What kind of story does he have with Jude?
In April 1909, zhu de, who was only 22 years old, came to Kunming, Yunnan Province, to apply for the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall, and half a year later, he was successfully admitted to the Infantry Section of the C Class, and in this famous military academy in modern times, Zhu De and the Yunnan generals Zhu Peide, Fan Shisheng, Yang Chisheng and others who later became popular formed a deep friendship, of which the one who had the deepest friendship with Zhu De was Fan Shisheng.
In 1887, Fan Shisheng was born in Xiaojie Township, Hexi, Yunnan, and when he was studying in the Wutang, he was introduced by Zhu De and joined the League. The two were in the same group, often circulating excerpts from the Minbao and other progressive books and periodicals, and discussing military uprisings, and their thinking became more and more progressive.
Yunnan Army Lecture Hall
After Zhu De and Fan Shisheng graduated, they were both assigned to serve as officers in Cai Yi's new army. During the Patriotic War against Yuan Shikai, they served as the sixth and seventh detachment leaders respectively, and fought against Cao Kun, who was known as the "General of Huwei".
In a battle, Zhu De and Fan Shisheng on the one hand commanded the artillery to bombard the enemy with heavy artillery, on the other hand, they skillfully arranged a maze, commanded the infantry to place rows of stones the size of human heads on the front of the trench, and fastened the large brimmed hats of the defending troops on each stone. The battle lasted for more than 20 days, and Zhu De and Fan Shisheng annihilated more than 4,000 enemy troops, making them famous.
After that, Zhu De was deeply disappointed by the warlords, and after the news of the victory of the October Revolution in Russia reached China, he saw the dawn and resolutely resigned his military post and went to Europe to seek the truth, and he lost contact with Fan Shisheng.
Fan Shisheng led his troops to Guangdong and defected to the Kuomintang, where he participated in many battles to rebuild and defend the palace of Grand Marshal Sun Yat-sen, and was highly praised by Sun Yat-sen, who once praised him: "There is a model in the army, and he is tenacious and courageous. ”
Fan Shisheng
At the end of 1923, Sun Yat-sen awarded Fan Shisheng the rank of general and appointed him commander of the 2nd Army of the Dian Army. After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists in 1924, sun Yat-sen set up a special institution called the General Bureau of Raising Salaries in order to unify the military and political finances, and appointed Fan Shisheng as a member of the Guangdong Government Finance Committee and the Inspector of the General Bureau of Raising Salaries, and the salaries of the entire National Government were raised by Fan Shisheng, which showed Sun Yat-sen's trust in him.
When Fan Shisheng was the commander of the army, Chiang Kai-shek was also the chief of staff of Xu Chongzhi in the Cantonese army. At a military conference of the Crusades, Chiang Kai-shek asked to speak, and Fan Shisheng, in his capacity as chairman of the meeting, deliberately and arrogantly asked Chiang Kai-shek: "What is your name?" ”
After Chiang Kai-shek answered, Fan Shisheng asked again, "What are you going to talk about?" ”
Chiang Kai-shek expressed his views on the battle and wanted to show his head. Fan Shisheng did not wait for him to finish, so he "booed" and said, "Forget it, you said it lightly, pick up a lamp grass!" He humiliated Chiang Kai-shek on the spot and made him very embarrassed.
Chiang Kai-shek
In 1926, after Zhu De returned from abroad, he secretly met Fan Shisheng in Shanghai, and they had a long conversation. Fan Shisheng wanted Zhu De to become a commander in his army and retreated himself, but Zhu De resigned. Fan Shisheng also offered to make Zhu De his chief of staff, but Zhu De still politely refused.
Fan Shisheng, however, was not angry, and he said to Zhu De: "Please believe Brother Yujie, I Fan Shisheng keeps his word, loves his subordinates and loves the people, and resolutely supports Marshal Sun Da's three major policies of uniting with Russia, the United Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers, and if Chiang Kai-shek betrays the revolution, I will certainly cooperate with you." If I break this oath, the heavens and men will condemn me, and the king will also curse me! ”
In May 1926, after the Outbreak of the Northern Expedition, Fan Shisheng's troops were reorganized into the 16th Army of the National Revolutionary Army as the General Reserve of the Northern Expeditionary Army. During this period, Zhou Enlai sent nine communists, including Wang Desan and Yu Shaojie, to serve in the 16th Army, and they quickly changed the spiritual outlook of this unit, which won the praise of Fan Shisheng.
After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Fan Shisheng was very dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's various perverse actions, and he once said indignantly: "The three major policies formulated by Mr. Zhongshan are no longer needed. What a sheep's head and selling dog meat! ”
After Chiang Kai-shek gained power, he began to suppress Fan Shisheng, often wearing small shoes for him, and coupled with the Factual Warlords of the Gui clan in the southwest and the Warlord He Jian of Hunan were also squeezing him, his life was very difficult. But even so, Fan Shisheng's 16th Army maintained secret contact with the Communists, and the Communist organizations in the army were also valued and protected by him.
After the failure of the Nanchang Uprising, Zhu De led 4,000 people to complete the task of blocking the attack at Sanheba, and then led the remaining troops to hide north, through the west, straight to Shonan. In early November, they overcame all kinds of unimaginable difficulties and came to Shangbao, southwest of Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province, at the junction of the three provinces of Hunan Province, Guangdong, and Gansu Province, and there were only more than 800 people left in the army.
Despite the sharp decline in the number of troops, after several reorganizations organized by Zhu De, discipline was significantly strengthened, and combat effectiveness and fighting spirit were also improved. However, the problem of the supply of the troops has not been solved, and it was nearly winter, the officers and men were still wearing single clothes and pants from the Nanchang Uprising, and the grain and salary were even more unattainable, especially the guns, ammunition and bedding could not be replenished, and there was no medicine at all. The newly stabilized military spirit began to stir again.
Zhu De saw it in his eyes and was anxious in his heart, sitting restlessly every day, sleeping and eating restlessly. At this moment, suddenly some soldiers came to report that it was Fan Shisheng's 16th Army stationed in Shaoguan in northern Guangdong, Rucheng in southern Hunan, and Zixing. Zhu De was very happy after hearing this, and he planned to ask Fan Shisheng for help and told everyone about this idea.
However, many comrades objected to this, believing that although Fan Shisheng had contradictions with Chiang Kai-shek, he was, after all, the army of the Kuomintang and the enemy of the Communist Party, and that if we wanted to cooperate with the enemy, we would surrender to the right. Secondly, Fan Shisheng has been absorbed by Chiang Kai-shek, the style of the officers and men under his command has become corrupt, and military discipline has deteriorated, and if our troops are incorporated into their ranks, our army will fall into the dyeing vat of the warlords.
Zhu De patiently explained to everyone: "Cooperation depends on whether there is any interest in the revolution. It is very necessary to engage in a united front with Fan Shisheng today, and even if Fan Shisheng cannot become our long-term friend, if we can make him neutral for a while, it will be good for the revolution. As long as we adhere to the three principles of organizational independence, political autonomy, and military freedom, we can maintain our true colors! ”
In the end, Zhu De finally persuaded everyone, and he wrote a letter to Fan Shisheng, expressing his willingness to negotiate cooperation.
Soon after, Fan Shisheng quickly replied, and he warmly welcomed Zhu De's arrival. After Zhu De received the letter, he personally came to Rucheng to negotiate with Fan Shisheng, and Zhu De put forward 3 conditions:
1. The headquarters is organized into a regiment and shall not be broken up;
2. Maintain the independence of the political work of the Department;
3. The regiment's ammunition is subject to rapid replenishment, and one month's fund is allocated first.
Zhu De also specifically stressed: "We are the troops of the Communist Party, and whenever the Party transfers us away, we must leave whenever we want." We express our deep gratitude for the replenishment of our supplies, but the materials are completely at our disposal, and our military, political, and training work is also in accordance with our office, and your army should not interfere. ”
Fan Shisheng did not hesitate to agree to Zhu De's request, and they quickly reached 3 agreements:
1. Agree with Zhu De's principle that the establishment of the troops, the organization remains unchanged, and it is necessary to go at any time;
2. The rebel army changed to the name of the 140th Regiment of the 47th Division of the 16th Army and became hidden. Zhu De, alias Wang Kai, served as deputy commander of the 47th Division and commander of the 140th Regiment;
3. According to the establishment of a regiment, 1 month's salary is paid first, and ammunition and quilts are immediately distributed.
After Fan Shisheng returned to the army, he happily said to the quartermaster general: "Our troops are going to add personnel!" Zhu Yujie had already been here, and this unit was still wearing single clothes and pants, no covers, and when the weather was cold, they had to transport cotton clothes and military blankets first! ”
The Quartermaster Department soon paid Zhu De's troops a month's salary, and distributed them with 2 Russian heavy machine guns, 4 portable light machine guns, more than 120 barge guns, more than 500 rifles, and 60,000 rounds of ammunition. The quartermaster general sighed and said, "Zhu De's troops, I heard that there were only seven or eight hundred people, but we sent them the equipment of a regiment." Commander Fan is like a lifeblood to every shot on weekdays, but today he is so generous to Zhu De, an old friend! ”
During the period of cooperation, Zhu De often chatted with Fan Shisheng and discussed with him the major theoretical, political and military issues of the time. With the help of Zhu De, Fan Shisheng's thinking has undergone further changes, deepening his understanding and understanding of communism. Fan Shisheng not only let his instructors in his unit delve into Marxist theory, but also invited Zhu De to give a speech at the officer corps, so that middle- and lower-ranking officers could listen to him instill communism and Marxism-Leninism.
Not only that, Fan Shisheng also allowed Zhu De to contact and develop revolutionary forces in the local area and prepare for armed insurrection. Zhu De was able to strike a fierce blow at the landlords and bullies and local tyrants and gentry, and effectively supported, protected, and strengthened the local party organizations, peasant associations, and peasant armed forces. The local tycoons and inferior gentry ran to Guangzhou and reported to Li Jishen, the director of the Guangzhou camp, who sent a telegram to Fan Shisheng saying, "You have a Communist Party in your department and you want to investigate," but Fan Shisheng ignored it.
At the beginning of 1928, Ding Xi, the leader of Fan Shisheng's teaching regiment, informed Chiang Kai-shek, and when Chiang Kai-shek learned that the remnants of the Nanchang rebel army were hidden in Fan Shisheng's troops, he could not help but be furious, and he immediately sent a telegram to the leaders of the Guangdong Provincial Government to tell Fan Shisheng that he should immediately solve Zhu De's troops on the spot and arrest Zhu De.
After Fan Shisheng received the order, he immediately sent someone to send a secret letter to Zhu De, to the effect that:
(1) Cooperation has been heard, and you must retreat in a hurry;
2. In order to avoid the loss of troops, you must take the big road, not the small road;
3. The final victory belongs to you, and now I can't help it.
Fan Shisheng also sent someone to send Zhu De tens of thousands of yuan of oceans and 10 boxes of bullets, and with his help, Zhu De quickly led the troops out of danger.
Zhu Fan cooperation site
After Zhu De's troops withdrew, someone reported the matter to Fan Shisheng, and the army chief of staff, Ding Teng, advocated immediately sending troops to pursue, and at the same time contacting nearby troops, several bread copies, in an attempt to kill Zhu De. After Fan Shisheng listened, he said "consider" it.
When Ding Teng saw that Fan Shisheng still did not express his position, he said to him again: "The central authorities already know that Zhu De is hiding in our army, and if he does not pursue him or shoot a shot, I am afraid that he will arouse Chiang Kai-shek's suspicions even more, and the problem will not be solved." But Fan Shisheng remained silent, and afterwards, he reported to Chiang Kai-shek that "Zhu Bu had rebelled", which ended the matter.
After that, Zhu De led the troops through Renhua, transferred to Lechang, outwitted Yizhang, led the Shonan rebellion, and finally took the troops to Jinggangshan, where they met the victorious division with the autumn harvest uprising troops led by Mao Zedong.
Jinggangshan will be a teacher
Fan Shisheng's cooperation with Zhu De completely angered Chiang Kai-shek, and in early 1929, in the name of military reorganization, he downsized the 16th Army into the 5th Division of the 8th Route Army, and then reorganized it into the 51st Division, demoting Fan Shisheng from commander to division commander, and soon after, demoting Fan Shisheng to major general. In 1934, Fan Shisheng resigned from the military again, and only hung up a fictitious title of military senator. Fan Shisheng was also disheartened and simply returned to his hometown in Kunming to practice medicine with ancestral medical skills.
Fan Shisheng's medical skills are very exquisite, he basically prescribes according to the economic conditions of the patient, and the poor patients are diagnosed and treated free of charge, and the extremely poor are also given medicine fees. Song Ziwen, Song Meiling, and Song Qingling also invited him to Nanjing and Shanghai many times to treat them. Song Meiling even wanted to give him a plane, but Fan Shisheng thanked him for not being able to afford the pilot. Song Ziwen and Song Meiling would give him dozens of yuan after each visit, but Fan Shisheng accepted it to help more than a dozen veterans who had retired from the army.
At more than 8:00 a.m. on March 17, 1939, a stranger came to Fan Shisheng's home and asked him to go out to see a doctor.
Tomb of Fan Shisheng
After these two people assassinated Fan Shisheng, they actually took the initiative to turn themselves in. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek called Long Yun, commander of the 5th Army stationed in Kunming, and closed the case with a "special amnesty", so that the murderer went unpunished, so many people later speculated that it may be Chiang Kai-shek who instructed people to assassinate Fan Shisheng.
After Fan Shisheng was assassinated, due to his daily charity, tens of thousands of people came to his home to pay tribute, and more than 1,000 paintings were sent.
Later, even if Zhu De became the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, and even became the first marshal of the People's Liberation Army after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he did not forget Fan Shisheng, an old friend. In 1957, when Zhu De came to Kunming, he specially summoned Fan Shisheng's wife and daughter to take care of their lives.
General Fan Shisheng eternity!