On the eve of the two sessions of the National People's Congress in 2022, Li Shufu, a deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Geely Holding Group, announced the "Suggestions on Increasing the Construction of Electric Vehicle Replacement System".
At present, the mainland is vigorously promoting the development of new energy vehicles, and the momentum is strong. According to statistics released by the Ministry of Public Security, by the end of 2021, the number of new energy vehicles in the country reached 7.84 million, an increase of 59.25% compared with the previous year, of which 6.4 million pure electric vehicles were owned, accounting for 81.63% of the total number of new energy vehicles.
Li Shufu, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Geely Holding Group, data map
Charging and power exchange have become the main energy replenishment modes of electric vehicles. In 2021, the number of charging piles in the country was 2.617 million units, an increase of 55.7% year-on-year, but the number of substations nationwide was only 1192, and the substations were far slower than the layout speed of charging piles.
In the 2020 government work report of the two sessions of the National People's Congress, Premier Li Keqiang proposed the construction of "two new and one heavy", clearly including the replacement power station in the scope of new infrastructure construction, and the power exchange mode and the charging mode complement each other, jointly promote the popularization process of new energy vehicles in the mainland, and achieve the national strategic goal of the mainland automobile industry from large to strong. On October 20, 2020, the General Office of the State Council issued the "On Printing and Distributing the Development Plan for the New Energy Vehicle Industry (2021-2035)", which clearly encourages the promotion and application of the power exchange model. In the 2021 government work report of the two sessions of the National People's Congress, Premier Li Keqiang once again proposed: to increase parking lots, charging piles, replacement power stations and other facilities, and accelerate the construction of a power battery recycling system.
In fact, the power exchange mode of vehicle power separation has the advantages of efficient energy replenishment and cost reduction compared with the traditional charging pile power supply mode. Among them, in terms of efficient energy replenishment, the passenger car only takes about 1-5 minutes to change electricity, which has an absolute advantage compared with the traditional charging pile; in terms of cost, the initial purchase cost of electric vehicles, the power battery accounts for about 40%, and the charging mode of "vehicle and electricity integration" makes the cost of the vehicle be greatly increased, and the purchase price of electric vehicles can be reduced by up to half in the vehicle-to-electricity separation mode. Especially in the field of heavy trucks, taxis, and online ride-hailing, it can improve operational efficiency and make economic benefits more obvious. In addition, battery materials can also be incorporated into the circular economy, further improving environmental efficiency.
However, in the entire life cycle link and ecological construction of vehicle-electricity separation, there are still some supporting policies and measures that need to be broken through. First of all, in the relevant links of the construction and management of the substation, the substation is a heavy asset investment, the land is mostly leased, there are few land options, and there are many restrictions on land approval. At the same time, limited by the versatility of cross-brand, multi-model, power exchange platform and device technology, power exchange battery pack communication protocol, electrical connector technology, etc., a replacement power station can only serve a single vehicle brand or even a single model, resulting in the increasing demand for station construction and the contradiction of limited land and power resources is further highlighted.
Secondly, in terms of national standards, in addition to the three mandatory national standards issued by the National Standards Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in May 2020, such as "Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles", "Safety Requirements for Electric Buses" and "Safety Requirements for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles", most of the others are recommended standards and industry standards issued in previous years, and in today's rapid development of new technologies and new situations, they urgently need to be revised and improved and form mandatory national standards.
Taking the current car announcement model as an example, it is announced on the whole vehicle (including battery) as a whole. However, in vehicle-to-electric separation mode, a power-swapping model will match multiple batteries, and a battery will also match multiple models. If the three cars can correspond to three batteries (the interface is unified and interchangeable), then these three cars need to be announced nine times, and new batteries are developed and need to be re-announced. At the same time, with the rapid development of battery technology, the battery power will continue to increase, and models that have been announced need to be re-announced according to the new battery. If you are going to develop a new model, you need to make an announcement on all the batteries that can be matched.
In addition, the research and development direction and progress of each battery manufacturer are different, and the energy density, battery structure, size specifications and other aspects of power battery products cannot be unified, resulting in the difficulty of forming a scale effect in the power exchange mode. The low degree of standardization of batteries also restricts multiple brand models from sharing the same power station, which delays the development process of power station replacement. The adaptation of the power exchange mode requires car companies and battery companies to jointly promote, if there is no standard promotion, the car company brands will still use different power exchange interfaces, can not complete the adaptation.
Therefore, the sustainable development of the power exchange model requires the cooperation of government authorities, industry associations and enterprises to jointly promote it.
suggestion
Accelerate the clarification of the relevant provisions on the construction of substations, high and low pressure box changes, land and construction approvals, and incorporate them into the national market management standard system. It is recommended that the government open up resource access and support for public parking lots, effectively and reasonably optimize the allocation of land resources, optimize the approval process for high-voltage new installation (capacity increase) of power exchange projects, implement the requirements for compressing the time limit for application, open up multiple households at one site, and accelerate the construction cycle.
Further improve the relevant policies and regulations of the power exchange model, optimize the announcement regulations of the power exchange model, establish an exclusive announcement certification system for the power exchange model, and form a separate certification of the car and the battery under the separation of vehicle electricity. At the same time, we will further improve the national traceability system for new energy vehicles, and optimize the adaptation of vehicle-to-electricity separation mode (such as vehicle-to-electricity separation insurance).
Accelerate the standardization and generalization of power exchange modes. Promote the standardization of software and hardware protocols for power exchange interfaces, preset 2-3 technically advanced interface forms to formulate recommended standards; standardize the mechanism, form and compatibility of power exchange stations, so that technologically advanced power exchange stations can be given priority recommendations; promote the standardization of power exchange battery packs, so that power exchange battery packs can truly be interchanged between different car companies, different power stations and different users.