1. In 1991, on the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union, Chechnya saw the situation change, and in September, the retired general "Dudayev", who had been awarded the title of hero of the Soviet Union in the Afghan war, overthrew the local former Soviet regime by force. In October, Chechnya held presidential elections for the republic, and Dudayev was elected president. In November, Dudayev declared the independence of the Chechen Republic.
Russia in 1991 was an eventful autumn that was at stake in Russia's survival, and Chechnya's choice of independence at this time was actually opportune. Chechnya can be independent, and more importantly, Chechnya's independence is also supported by Europe and the United States.
In 1992, U.S. Secretary of State Baker visited the Chechnya region, and the United States provided more than $6 billion in aid to Chechnya in support of chechnya. At the same time, Turkish and Saudi leaders have also visited Chechnya, and they have provided Chechen militants with distorted Islamic teachings and more modern weapons.
In 1992, Dudayev signed with the Russian Federation the Treaty on the Withdrawal of Troops and the Distribution of Property between the Chechen Republic and the Russian Federation, which provided for the withdrawal of all administrative bodies of the Russian Federation from Chechnya. The signing of this treaty enabled Russia to fully recognize Chechen independence in practice, except that it did not recognize it in name. At the same time, in order to strengthen its control, Dudayev ordered an ethnic cleansing and carried out a purge of all non-Chechen Russians in the territory, which slaughtered more than 20,000 Russians, and Dudayev also practiced slavery, and many Russians were enslaved.
In 1994, after a systematic reform and policy adjustment by Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Russia finally gained a brief respite. For the sake of the integrity of the country, Yeltsin issued the "Letter to the Chechen People" on December 3, 1994, ordering the attack on Chechnya. Russia first used the air force to attack Chechnya, a few hours later, the Chechen empty car was annihilated, and then Russia sent ground troops from the east, west and north to attack the Chechen capital Grozny, originally planned to quickly end the battle through rapid warfare, but because of the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's economic difficulties, soldiers generally low morale, coupled with Russia's lack of pre-war preparations, the leadership is also extremely chaotic, this situation makes Russia dragged into the street battle by Chechnya, which is the famous "Grozny Street Battle" in history. The difficulty of street fighting is that the Russian army can not accurately distinguish whether the pedestrians on the road are Chechen armed forces or civilians, when the Russian army comes, the Chechen armed forces dress up as civilians, as soon as the Russian soldiers turn around, Chechnya takes a gun and attacks from behind.
Even more troublesome for Russia is the hostage-taking operation carried out by Chechen armed forces. In 1995, the famous Chechen rebel leader Basayev led 150 outlaws to infiltrate the city of Budyonovsk in the Russian Stavropol Territory and abducted 1,500 hostages; on June 17, russian special forces launched a tentative assault, after fierce fighting, they captured the bottom floor of the hospital and rescued more than 100 hostages, but more than 30 hostages died in the firefight and the massacre of the rebels. On June 18, the Russian government made major concessions, Russian Prime Minister Chernomyrkin reached an agreement with Basayev, and the hostage crisis dawned. In this hostage incident, 105 hostages were killed and 25 Russian military and police officers were killed.
Faced with the constant defeat of military operations ahead, coupled with the wrong hostage rescue, the First Chechen War ended in a crushing defeat for Russia. According to official figures, the Russian army died 3,826, wounded 17,892, and another 1,906 were missing. In addition, the war also resulted in the death of more than 100,000 civilians and the severe damage to a large number of facilities. Russian officers, despite heavy losses, were ultimately unable to suppress the Chechen forces. As the 1996 elections for a new government approached, Yeltsin announced the withdrawal of its troops from Chechnya, which, although still a member of the Russian Community, enjoyed de facto independence.
2. On August 7, 1999, Chechen armed leader Basayev led thousands of militants to infiltrate the southern villages of Dagestan and established the "Muslim State of Dagestan" on August 10. Yeltsin ordered the Russian army to establish a joint army group based on the North Caucasus Military District to suppress it, and the Second Chechen War officially began. Putin is beginning to get to the center of the political scene. On August 9, 1999, Putin was appointed acting prime minister of Russia, and he showed extremely tough attitudes and actions in the face of Chechen militants, and in one meeting, Putin made a very tough speech to Chechnya: Forgive them for being God's business, our task is to send them to God, catch them at the airport and shoot him at the airport, drown him in the toilet in the toilet, and all problems will eventually be solved.
After the war broke out, Putin used high-tech and high-precision weapons to use air superiority to bomb the bases, communications, transportation and other facilities of the illegal armed forces in Chechnya. Special forces were then dispatched to conduct targeted killing operations in Chechnya to avoid street fighting. To put it simply, this method of operation is to first use air superiority to carry out targeted bombardment of facilities in key areas, and then send special forces to do targeted clearance. At the same time, in terms of information-based operations, the Russian military has also strengthened electronic warfare, forcing Chechnya not even to use radios.
Because Putin showed the image of a bold and resolute tough guy that a leader should have in the Second Chechen War, Yeltsin voluntarily resigned and put Putin as president. The Second Chechen War was different from the first Russian rush to battle, this time the Russian troops were fully prepared, the use of strategy and tactics was also very appropriate, and the Russian army won consecutive battles from the beginning of the war, and the rebels suffered heavy casualties and were difficult to overcome. The Russian General Staff announced that from the beginning of the War in Chechnya to the beginning of February 2000, the Russian army killed about 10,000 rebels at the cost of 1,730 officers and soldiers killed, and achieved a comprehensive victory in the war. On January 22, 2001, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the complete withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya, and the second Chechen war ended in Russian victory.