Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Reporter Zhang Mijia
At 0:23 Beijing time on October 16, 2021, the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft was successfully launched!
At 9:58 Beijing time on October 16, 2021, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu entered the Tianhe core module, and the Chinese space station also ushered in the second flight crew and the first female astronaut.
In the next mission period, astronauts will complete 2-3 outbound walks. At that time, astronaut Wang Yaping will become the first female astronaut in China to implement the outgoing activities.
Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping participated in the Shenzhou X mission in 2013. During the mission, she taught a wonderful "space science class" to 60 million primary and secondary school students across the country.
Throughout the history of human manned spaceflight, female astronauts in space not only prove that women can enter space like men, but also can brilliantly complete various arduous and complex space test tasks.
With the development of science and technology, human beings will gradually move their footprints to the entire solar system. In this sense, space activities involving only male astronauts are incomplete. The study of women's access to space and the technology of their stay in space is of irreplaceable value to humanity's journey into deep space.
"Long-term manned space flight will be a huge challenge to the psychological limits of the occupants. At present, the space station missions stay for half a year each time. For future deep space exploration missions, astronauts will fly for a year and a half or more. ”
Professor Yang Yuguang, vice chairman of the Space Transport Committee of the International Astronautical Federation and researcher of the China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, told the Qianjiang Evening News and Hourly News reporter that a long time in a small confined space, as well as heavy scientific experimental work, it is easy to make people irritable, irritable and other emotions, working in such an emotion, and even endangering the safety of the mission and the crew. ”
As of March 2021, a total of 65 women (including astronauts and commercially paid space passengers) have visited space around the world, including 4 female astronauts who sacrificed their lives for this purpose – their achievements will forever be engraved on the historical monuments of manned spaceflight.
Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News took this opportunity to review the space journey of female astronauts around the world, pay tribute to these amazing women, and also say to more women who are interested in exploring the vast universe: "Go women!"
The first female astronaut to enter space
Former Soviet Union Valentina Tereshkova
Valentina Tereshkova Image credit: NASA
The first female astronaut to go into space was Valentina Tereshkova of the former Soviet Union.
She was born in 1937 in a small Soviet town called Yaroslavli. At the age of 17, she began working in a tire factory and later as a worker in a textile factory. Around 1959, she became interested in skydiving and successfully completed several skydivings. By 1962, she had skydived 130 times. Because of her experience in this area and her ambition to participate in space flight, she was successfully selected for the Soviet Space Program Committee and underwent rigorous training, and finally became the world's first female astronaut.
When, on June 19, 1963— just two years after Yuri Gagarin became the first human to go into space, Tereshkova took off from the Baikonur Space Center aboard vostok 6, becoming the world's first woman to go into space.
After successfully completing the mission of flying 48 laps around the earth in 3 days, Tereshkova received great honors. Even a crater on the far side of the moon is named after her.
Later, Tereshkova and and the astronaut of the Vostok 3 spacecraft, Andrea Grigorievich Nikolaev, became the world's first astronaut couple.
She retired in 1996 after serving as Vice-President of the International Women's Federation and Secretary-General of the Congress of Women of the USSR.
The biggest significance of the Vostok 6 mission is that it achieved the first female visit to space. However, due to the limited flight time and technical conditions and engineering level at that time, various aerospace medicine and aerospace engineering problems of women's life in space were not comprehensively studied, and these topics were not comprehensively studied until the later space station mission.
The most experienced female astronaut in the world
Peggy Whitson, USA
Peggy Whitson Image credit: NASA
PEGGY Whitson of NASA has many, many records —
Born in 1960, Whitson received her Ph.D. in biochemistry from Rice University in 1985, worked as a biochemist at NASA, and was selected as an astronaut in 1996, where she was the first female commander of a spacecraft;
She is the oldest female spacewalker and the longest woman to have walked in space. She walked a total of 60 hours and 21 minutes in outer space (the fifth longest spacewalk time record for all of humanity);
On September 3, 2017, Peggy Whitson returned to Earth after a 288-day space mission.
So far, Whitson has accumulated 665 days on the International Space Station, setting a record for the longest duty of American astronauts in space. She broke the previous record set by American astronaut Jeff Williams for a 534-day, 2-hour, 48-minute space stay, becoming the longest-running U.S. astronaut on the space station and the most experienced female astronaut in the world.
The night before returning to Earth, Whitson said she would love pizza and miss the flush toilet at home, "Believe me, you wouldn't want to know the details." This sentence aroused the strong curiosity of the people on the earth -
In fact, while on the space station (April 2017), Whitson revealed that she and another NASA astronaut, Jack Fischer, had a 20-minute over-ground air call with then-U.S. President Donald Trump and daughter Ivanka. Whitson said, "We purify the urine and drink it, which is not as bad as it sounds." Trump replied: "I'm glad to hear this, but fortunately the person who drank it was the astronaut, not me." ”
The first female spacewalker
Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya, former Soviet Union
Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya
The world's second woman to go into space: Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya, a former Soviet cosmonaut, was also the first woman to enter the space station to live and work, and was the first "space housewife" in the true sense.
Savitskaya was born on August 8, 1948, the son of a famous meritorious pilot of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. Affected by her family environment, Savitskaya has loved to fly since she was a child, having completed 450 skydivings at the age of 16, flying the Jacques 18 plane in her sophomore year of college, and by 1980, she had mastered more than 20 kinds of aircraft. He also flew a modification of the MiG-25 fighter jet to set a world record for horizontal flight altitude.
In August 1982, Savitskaya successfully docked with the Salyut 7 space station on the Soyuz T-7 spacecraft, becoming the first woman to enter the space station. Although the crew left the orbital module of the Soyuz T-7 spacecraft to her as a private space, she decided to sleep with the other crew in the salyut 7 space station cabin. After a week on the space station, Savitskaya returned to Earth with Commander Popov and flight engineer Serebrov aboard the Soyuz T-5 spacecraft that had previously docked with Salyut.
In July 1984, as a flight engineer, Savitskaya returned to the Salyut 7 space station on the Soyuz T-12 spacecraft, making history this time – becoming the first woman to perform a spacewalk.
Moreover, the task that Sawitzkaya had to complete at that time was extremely dangerous space cutting and welding operations. If the metal droplets melted during welding touch the extravehicular spacesuit, they will burn out small holes and cause the spacesuit to lose pressure and directly kill the astronauts.
But Savitskaya skilfully completed the welding task and painted the formwork metal. After the completion of this spacewalk, she lost 3 kilograms of weight, which shows the enormity of the task. After 12 days of orbital flight, Sawitskaya and the rest of the crew returned safely to the ground.
Savitskaya's brilliant achievements have also won her great honors. Later, in 1999, 2003 and 2007, she became a member of the Russian State Duma.
The first spacewalk girl group
Christina Koch and Jessica Meir
From left: Christina Koch and Jessica Meir Image credit: NASA
On October 18, 2019, two female NASA astronauts, Christina Koch and Jessica Meir, formed a "girl group" for the first time to conduct spacewalks and perform maintenance missions related to the International Space Station.
That year, NASA released two spacesuits specifically designed for women's spacesuits, blue and white spacesuits, which will ensure that female astronauts can walk more freely on the surface of the moon; another orange pressure suit is the equipment of female astronauts in the Orion spacecraft when they travel to and from the moon and earth.
Next, women will go to the moon.
The first Asian female astronaut to enter space
Mukai Chiaki, Japan
Mukai Chiaki Image source: humans in space
Mukai Chiaki, born in 1952, was the first Japanese female astronaut to go into space and the first Asian female cosmonaut to go into space.
In 1977, Chiaki Xiang became the first female surgeon at Keio University from the Faculty of Medicine, Keio University, Japan's oldest university.
In 1985, Chiaki Xiang was successfully selected as an astronaut as a passenger scientist and became one of the payload expert candidates for the STS-47 launch mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour (SpaceLab).
Chiaki Xiang is Japan's first astronaut to fly two space missions.
From July 8 to 23, 1994, Chiaki Xiang participated in the Space Shuttle Columbia STS-65 mission as a payload expert.
She conducts goldfish space indication syndrome experiments in space. Medical experiments on the cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system, bone and muscle metabolism are also part of the STS-65 orbital mission. The STS-65 mission orbited the Earth in a total of 236 orbits, flew more than 6,100,000 miles, and took 353 hours and 55 minutes.
From October 29 to November 7, 1998, Chiaki Xiang participated in the Space Shuttle Discovery STS-95 mission for the second space mission.
The STS-95 mission studies the Hubble Space Telescope's orbital systems test platform deployment and the aging process of spaceflight. The STS-95 mission orbited the Earth in a total of 134 times, flying more than 36 million kilometers and spending 213 hours and 44 minutes.
She also interacted with Earth during the flight, singing the first half of a short song and publicly soliciting the second half of the song, when a total of 145,000 short songs from around the world participated in the song.
Extra Edition
During the launch of the Shenzhou 13 mission, Professor Yang Yuguang, vice chairman of the Space Transport Committee of the International Astronautical Federation and researcher of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, made a live commentary on the CCTV English channel, and he invited his friend and South Korean female astronaut Li Suyan (Yi Soyeon) to live broadcast together, "This is the second time we have participated in the Program of the English Channel together!" As early as 2012, I invited her to participate in the Shenzhou 9 return live broadcast. ”
What makes Yang Yuguang even happier is that this time he is in the same frame with Wang Yaping on CCTV. "I often tell Yaping that it is a pity that she was unable to broadcast her Shenzhou 10 mission live on CCTV in 2013! Last night's big live broadcast made up for this regret. When she comes back, I'll definitely pass the video to her! ”
Yang Yuguang also brushed the screen in the circle of friends, he sent 13 photos of him with female astronauts from various countries around the world who have challenged different space missions -
China's first female astronaut into space, Liu Yang
Professor Yang Yuguang took a group photo with Liu Yang
China's first female astronaut to perform a spacewalk, Wang Yaping
Professor Yang Yuguang took a group photo with Wang Yaping
"Japanese female astronaut Chiaki Mukai is the first Asian woman to go into space, has carried out two space shuttle missions, I met with her three times, and invited her to the booth of the Aerospace Science and Industry Group, leaving us N more signatures."
Susan Helms was probably the highest-ranking female astronaut, with the rank of lieutenant general. She flew five missions, was the second crew of the International Space Station, and set a record for 8 hours and 56 minutes of extravehicular activity with Jim Voss. ”
"American astronaut Shannon Lucid has flown five missions! A record for a single female space stay on the Mir space station! Up to 188 days! ”
"Tammy Jernigan has carried out five space shuttle missions and walked out of the cabin for 7 hours and 55.5 minutes."
Nancy Jan Davis has flew three space shuttle missions, and she and her husband Mark Lee went to heaven together on the STS-47 mission in 1992! But then NASA banned couples from going to heaven together. ”
"American female astronaut Cady Coleman has participated in two space shuttle missions, the second of which sent the Chandra Space Telescope into the sky, and later she was stationed on the International Space Station on the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft for a long time."
"Back in 2012, I invited my good friend, South Korean female astronaut Yi Soyeon, to join us in the Shenzhou 9 return broadcast, which is the second time we have participated in the English channel together! Yi Soyeon and I have only met once, but we usually have the most contact! ”
"Claudi Haignere was the first female astronaut sent into space by ESA and the only female astronaut in France!"
"American cosmonaut Bonnie was born in 1949!"
"Sandy has been on the International Space Station, flew four space shuttles, and was the last mission crew of the space shuttle in 2011, and during her tenure as executive director of the American Aerospace Association, I assisted her in her bid for the IAF Conference."
Pamela Melroy is currently the deputy director of NASA
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Source: Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News