He Zizhen's revolutionary path in his early years
In 1909, He Zizhen was born in Yongxin, Jiangxi.
He Zizhen's father was named He Huanwen, a local squire in Yongxin. In the early years, he had donated to the government as a county magistrate, but because of his honesty, he could not adapt to the official field, and after being ostracized, he returned to his hometown of Yongxin and became a master in Yongxin.
After graduating from elementary school, He Zizhen attended a gospel school with the support of his father, and after graduating from the school, He Zizhen, who had just turned 16, became a Chinese language teacher in an elementary school.
At this time, Yongxin came to a person who changed He Zizhen's fate, and his name was Ouyang Luo.
Ouyang Luo is also a newcomer to Yongxin in Jiangxi, and he studied at the Nanchang Provincial First Normal School. During his studies in Nanchang, Ouyang Luo had close contacts with Fang Zhimin, Zhao Xingnong, and others, not only joining the "Marxist Theory Research Society" organized by them, but also joining the Communist Party.
This time, Ouyang Luo returned to his hometown of Yongxiong and set up a civilian night school in the county town, and also sowed the first Marxist fire of Yongxin.
Since He Zizhen's brother He Minxue was a good friend of Ouyang Luo, He Zizhen and his sister He Yi became the first students of Ouyang Luo's night school. Under the influence of Ouyang Luo and other Communists, He Zizhen joined the Communist Youth League and soon joined the Communist Party.
When the Northern Expeditionary Army passed through Yongxin, Yongxin established the Kuomintang County Party Department and organized He Zizhen to serve as a member of the county party department and the director of the women's department as a cross-party. This year, He Zizhen was not yet 17 years old!
However, the vicissitudes of history were unpredictable, and the "April 12" soon came, and although it was far away from Shanghai, the small Yongxin was still affected, and the Kuomintang rightists in Yongxin County arrested and imprisoned more than 80 Communists and the masses in the form of a surprise attack. Among them is He Zizhen's brother He Minxue.
How can we rescue my brother He Minxue and more than 80 other comrades? He Zizhen thought of Yuan Wencai.
Yuan Wencai was a classmate of He Minxue's middle school classmates, and now he and Wang Zuo are developing well in the Jinggangshan area, and someone has a gun in his hand. More importantly, Yuan Wencai himself was a Member of the Communist Party.
After exchanging letters to explain the situation, Yuan Wencai agreed to lend a helping hand, and on July 26, he and Wang Zuo led their troops to attack the county seat of Yongxin County, occupied the prison, and successfully rescued He Minxue and others.
After the Yongxin Rebellion, based on the party branches in prison, they formed the Yongxin and Ninggang Revolutionary Committees and set up their own peasant self-defense army headquarters. He Minxue served as party secretary, Wang Xinya as commander-in-chief, and Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo as deputy commanders-in-chief.
General Su Yu fondly recalled: Chairman Mao taught me at Jinggangshan
Just as Yuan Wencai, Wang Zuo, and others were returning to Jinggangshan, on the other side, Chairman Mao, who had led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Sanwan Reorganization, led his troops to the foot of Jinggangshan.
As the saying goes, a mountain can not tolerate two tigers, if not handled well, the next will be a fierce fire.
In his later years, He Changgong wrote an article recalling Chairman Mao's wise leadership and correct decision-making at that time. At that time, some comrades said that Yuan Wencai wang zuo they were only a hundred and ten people and guns, we went directly up to surround them, once the weapons were surrendered, wouldn't it be okay?
Chairman Mao explicitly objected to this proposal, saying:
"You're too narrow, too small in measurement!" We can't adopt the annexation policy of 'big fish eating small fish', and we still have more friends in the three mountains and five mountains! In history, which one can wipe out the bandits of the Three Mountains and Five Mountains? You know, the three mountains and five mountains are a big team together! ”
Chairman Mao said with a far-sighted gaze and a boldness that encompasses all kinds of rivers:
"We must actively transform them into revolutionary ranks like us. It's not a matter of dozens of guns, it's a matter of policy! ”
So, how can we win this team with a strong "bandit spirit"? Chairman Mao decided to start with their green background, their heavy righteousness, and their suspicious characteristics.
Knowing that Yuan Wencai attached the greatest importance to guns, the chairman immediately put forward his opinions to the former committee and prepared to give them a hundred guns, and this suggestion immediately aroused the opposition of Yu Shandu and others: It is still too late to encircle and suppress them, and they will still send them guns. And you want to send more than 100 sticks?
Fortunately, after chairman Mao's repeated persuasion, the front committee finally approved his proposal.
On October 6, Chairman Mao took a few people to the village of Dacang in Ninggang to meet Yuan Wencai. At this time, Yuan Wencai still had a lot of suspicions in his heart, and he had already ambushed more than 20 people in the Lin Family Ancestral Hall. Watching Chairman Mao "go to the meeting with a single knife," he was relieved.
Chairman Mao explained his intentions to Yuan Wencai, introduced himself to the Jiangxi Provincial CPC Committee, and affirmed Yuan Wencai's revolutionary spirit of opposing local tyrants and inferior gentry. The two sides had a very pleasant conversation, and finally Chairman Mao announced on the spot that he had given Yuan Wencai more than 100 guns, and Yuan Wencai returned with 600 silver dollars...
In this way, Chairman Mao's soldiers did not have a bloody blade and gained a foothold at Jinggangshan, where the situation was complicated.
Regarding Chairman Mao's series of achievements in the Jinggangshan base area, General Su Yu fondly recalled in his later years:
Chairman Mao paid great attention to educating us on the importance of establishing base areas. He said that people can't always walk, they can't always stand, and sometimes they have to sit down.
We sit down on our butts, and the base is the people's ass!
This simple and vivid metaphor impressed General Su Yu.
When he first saw He Zizhen, Chairman Mao was very surprised
On the same day that he met Yuan Wencai, Chairman Mao met He Zizhen.
At that time, Yuan Wencai enthusiastically introduced his subordinates to the chairman and introduced He Minxue to the chairman, and He Zizhen stood next to He Minxue.
At first, Chairman Mao thought that this 17-year-old girl was the daughter of yuan Wencai's subordinate, until Yuan Wencai said: "She is a member of the county party committee of Yongxin County." ”
Sculpture of young He Zizhen
Chairman Mao said in a somewhat surprised voice, "I can't see it, I can't see it." Very good, very good, let's fight together in the future! ”
The changes brought by Chairman Mao to Jinggangshan are obvious; in addition to the great development of the party, army, and political power, Chairman Mao also led the local agrarian revolution, the decadent feudal land ownership system that had been decayed for thousands of years was dismantled, and the vast number of poor people gained land, even some nuns who had been monks for many years.
From the division of land, the broad masses of the people can see that the Red Army is indeed fighting for their interests, and their enthusiastic support has also enabled the Red Army and the base areas to develop better.
While developing the base areas, the feelings between Chairman Mao and He Zizhen also became deeper and deeper, and they slowly got to know and love each other, and finally became revolutionary partners.
As for how He Zizhen fell in love with Chairman Mao, it actually began with a small matter:
The story takes place in Tangbian Village, when there was a group of land security forces from other counties, about 50 people and horses, after learning that Chairman Mao was at the edge of the pond and that Chiang Kai-shek had issued a reward order of 50,000 oceans, they drove to the edge of the pond with great momentum.
At that time, the chairman had only one guard squad at his side, and the rest of the armed forces did not even have guns, only darts. With these forces alone, how can we protect Chairman Mao's security?
After He Zizhen worriedly told Chairman Mao the news, he looked up and saw that the chairman was still smoking a cigarette slowly and leisurely, and his face was calm and calm. After analyzing the situation on the battlefield, he believed that we had not yet figured out the enemy's details, whether this was only the enemy's vanguard or all its strength, and that if we ventured to fight, we might fall into a very passive situation.
He pondered for a moment, then decisively ordered the masses to withdraw from the village.
If this small matter were to be placed in Chairman Mao, who has experienced hundreds of battles and commanded countless major battles, I am afraid it is not even worth mentioning. However, it left a deep impression on the young He Zizhen's heart, chairman Mao's calm, self-confident and resolute appearance made her feel her youthful naivety, and she was deeply attracted by the strength of Chairman Mao!
He Zizhen: It was Mao Zedong who saved my life!
He Zizhen is not a simple weak woman, in many cases, she is a female warrior, she can not only ride horses, but also shoot guns.
In 1929, the battle of Dabaidi, the troops fell into the enemy siege, at this time He Zizhen was pregnant, considering her safety, the chairman decided to let her go first.
So He Zizhen rode on a war horse to break through all the way, killed several enemies along the way, and finally reached the destination smoothly.
After listening to He Zizhen's report, the chairman said with great appreciation: "I didn't expect that you were so strong and brave! ”
Chairman Mao liked such a strong and brave He Zizhen, but it was also this "strong and brave" that made He Zizhen suffer a lifelong wound on the Long March!
At that time, not long after the Red Army passed Zunyi, the troops came to the Panxian Pig Farm, the enemy's three planes suddenly attacked, everyone hurriedly hidden, a wounded man was left on the side of the road, in order to protect him, He Zizhen, who had been hidden, jumped out of the ditch and covered the wounded man with his own body.
The enemy's bullets roared past, and He Zizhen's back and head left 14 bullet wounds since then!
At that time, the environment was so simple, the doctor had no way to remove the bullets from her body, and could only let them stay in He Zizhen's body.
After learning that He Zizhen was injured, Chairman Mao could not help but shed tears.
Lianli's leaders decided to find a fellow villager nearby and let He Zizhen stay at their home to recuperate. At that time, the chairman was commanding the battle of sidu Chishui, and he really could not get out, but he called and resolutely did not agree to leave He Zizhen. He said:
"You can't leave Zizhen in your hometown, who has no medicine and no medicine, and can't be treated." Secondly, her fellow villagers cannot guarantee her safety. Even if you die, carry her to death! ”
Later, He Zizhen recalled the incident many times, saying that her husband Mao Zedong saved her life.
quarrel! Why did Madame Zhang Wentian say that Chairman Mao and He Zizhen could not get along?
For Chairman Mao, He Zizhen was her wife in distress. It was in the company of He Zizhen that the chairman spent the most difficult 10 years of his life, in which they experienced the tribulations of Jinggangshan together, the wrong criticism of Li De and others, and the ambitions and betrayals of Zhang Guotao...
For He Zizhen, the chairman has very deep feelings.
However, after the Red Army successfully arrived in northern Shaanxi, some rifts gradually appeared in the feelings between the two people, which was a lifelong regret for the two parties.
As mentioned above, He Zizhen is not a simple and weak woman, she wants to be strong, she wants to contribute her strength to the revolutionary cause, she is not willing to do only some small auxiliary work around her husband, she hopes to go out and work independently like other female comrades.
Years of living together have also made He Zizhen more and more aware of the distance between her and the chairman, and how hard she wants to catch up.
In this way, after arriving in northern Shaanxi, He Zizhen entered the Kang Da study, except for every Saturday, she basically did not go home, sometimes there were many housework to deal with at home, and she also returned in a hurry.
The quarrel between the two people increased, and once He Zizhen came home and found a bowl of chili peppers that had been put there for a few days, and she was afraid that the chairman would eat a bad stomach, so she threw them all away. When the chairman returned home and asked where the pepper was, he asked He Zizhen.
He Zizhen replied: All poured out.
The chairman was very angry and spilled the water in the basin on the ground, and He Zizhen was also very angry, and ran away in a rage, and did not return until the evening.
After returning, the chairman apologized to He Zizhen, but he still regretted the bowl of peppers, he said: "Cook them again, can't you still eat them?" ”
For the quarrel between the two, the chairman can see openly, he once said to He Zizhen: "The two of us, one is iron, the other is steel, steel collides, a jingle." ”
Although the two of them did not stop caring for each other because of the quarrel, feelings are one thing, marriage is another. As the two continued to quarrel, even the chairman's good friend, Zhang Wentian's wife Liu Ying, said to the chairman:
"You really need someone to take care of you, and you and Zizhen really can't get along."
Liu Ying's words were uttered purely from the standpoint of a friend, and Liu Ying wrote in his own statement:
"I have a lot of pity for He Zizhen. She met Mao in Yongxin at the age of 18, and as soon as the two fell in love, she left her parents and followed the chairman to Jinggangshan. Her cultural attainment was indeed lower, she did not develop the habit of reading, her temper was not very good, and she often interfered with Chairman Mao..."
He Zizhen insisted on leaving, but Chairman Mao repeatedly dissuaded him
What made He Zizhen decide to leave was probably three things: one was that she wanted to study, the other was that she wanted to be cured, and the third was that she was pregnant again.
As for He Zizhen's departure, the chairman has retained him more than once, saying:
"In my life, I don't like to shed tears, but I have only shed tears in three situations: first, I heard the poor people crying, and I saw them suffering, and I wanted to shed tears; second, I followed my correspondents, they left or sacrificed, and I wanted to shed tears; third, I heard in Guizhou that you were injured, or I couldn't do it, I shed tears..."
The Chair added:
"My current situation is different from the period of Wang Ming's line, I have the right to speak, and I will not let you suffer with me like in the past..."
Many years later, the two were reunited in Lushan, and the chairman said to He Zizhen with regret: "Why did you have to leave in the first place?" ”
He Zizhen choked up and said, "It's all my fault, I was too ignorant at that time..."
After leaving Yan'an, He Zizhen seemed to have gone to Xi'an, and since Shanghai had fallen, she went to the Soviet Union, and this time it was 9 years.
He Zizhen firmly believed that he had been secretly calculated by Wang Ming
After arriving in the Soviet Union, the doctor operated on He Zizhen, and the doctor was surprised to find that the shrapnel had been embedded in her bones, muscles and lung lobes, and had grown with the flesh and could not be removed. This means that He Zizhen wants to let the bullets stay in her body until she dies.
After the treatment, He Zizhen was arranged to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, and the intense curriculum, unfamiliar language and environment made He Zizhen decide to redouble her efforts. But unbeknownst to her, at this time, she had been stared at by a sinister eye.
Wang Ming was in Moscow at the time, and he was the head of the Chinese delegation to the Third International and minister of the Eastern Department. He withheld He Zizhen's living allowance and ignored her needs, which overwhelmed he Zizhen, who was ill.
Bad news ensued, and in October of that year, her newborn son fell ill with a cold in the baby room, which later worsened into pneumonia and died before he could be rescued.
When Wang Ming gave a lecture, he also pointedly criticized: Some people come to the Soviet Union nominally to study, but in fact they are here to make a mess of their lives. This made He Zizhen, who had the idea of returning to China, very inferior, and she did not dare to imagine that she would return to China without any gains.
But this waited until the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, and in the state of war, the Soviet Union demanded that all foreign comrades in the Soviet Union should support the front, the living expenses were soon stopped, and everyone had to exchange their own labor for food, so He Zizhen often had to beat sweaters until one or two o'clock in the night.
Her daughter Jiaojiao suffered from acute meningitis in such a difficult environment, and the doctors sentenced her to death, but He Zizhen did not give up, and she pulled her daughter out of the death line.
However, during the International Children's Hospital, He Zizhen had a fierce quarrel with the director, who actually asked Jiaojiao and He Zizhen, who were in the middle of the illness, to leave the hospital quickly and live a collective life. She withheld He Zizhen's firewood and food.
After repeated quarrels, the dean finally said that she was crazy and called a car to forcibly send He Zizhen to the mental hospital in Ivanov City!
In her later years, He Zizhen did not want to recall too much of that painful past, and she always believed that there was a Wang Ming hidden behind this dean.
He Zizhen said: "During the two years I was locked up in a mental hospital, I sometimes didn't say a word for 10 and a half days, because there was no one to talk to, and there was nothing to say. ”
It was not until 1947 that Wang Jiaxiang and others came to take He Zizhen out of the hospital. Seeing the old comrade-in-arms, He Zizhen's face showed an unconcealable excitement, but her words sounded so poignant:
"I haven't spoken in a few years, and I haven't had a chance to speak in Chinese, and now I don't have a smooth speech..."
In the winter of this year, He Zizhen finally returned to the motherland she had dreamed of.
References for this article:
"He Zizhen's Road" Wang Xingjuan
"Biography of Mao Zedong" The Prophet Jin Chongji
"Mao Zedong and His Secretaries" Ye Yonglie
"Memoirs of the Su Yu War" Su Yu
"Liu Ying's Self-Description" Liu Ying