On February 15, the Faculty of Information and Electronic Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the China Information and Electronic Engineering Technology Development Strategy Research Center released the "Thirteen Challenges for the Development of China's Electronic Information Engineering Technology (2022)", analyzing and studying the annual scientific and technological development in the field of electronic information, comprehensively expounding the important breakthroughs and landmark achievements in this field at home and abroad, and providing a reference for mainland scientific and technological personnel to accurately grasp the development trend of the field of electronic information.
Information field
Characterized by digitalization, networking and intelligence, the wave of informatization is in the ascendant, and information technology is thriving day by day, fully integrated into the production and life of human society, and continuously cross-integrated with various industries, which is profoundly changing the world's economic, cultural, security and competitive patterns. Under the dual-cycle strategy, how to quickly and effectively organize the superior scientific and technological forces at home and abroad, build a new type of institutional mechanism, overcome a series of key core technologies, make up for shortcomings, forge long boards, establish an information system that is compatible with the competitiveness of major countries and sustainable economic and social development in the new era, and ensure that the country is independent and controllable, safe and reliable in the field of information is an important challenge currently facing the field.
Microelectronics and optoelectronics
From an international point of view, the 3nm process is expected to be launched this year, and the 2nm process has also been included in the research and development plan. Advanced chip processes are increasingly approaching the physical limit, involving key links in the industrial chain from design to manufacturing, such as equipment, materials, EDA/IP cores, etc. are basically monopolized by large international enterprises. The improvement of domestic enterprises' innovation ability is facing major challenges. Collaborative innovation of new devices, new structures, new materials, new processes, new packagings and other technologies to promote industrialization is an important technical way to cope with the challenges in the field of microelectronics. The development of ultra-high-speed, high-performance, low-power, multi-functional, high-density optoelectronic devices is an important challenge facing the field of information optoelectronics, and the development of photonic integration, photoelectric integration and photoelectric fusion is an important technical way to cope with the challenges in the field of information optoelectronics.
Optical Engineering
Optical engineering is the integration of optics, precision mechanics, electronics, materials, computers and other technologies to solve a variety of engineering application problems of the interdisciplinary discipline, focusing on the acquisition of optical information, transmission, processing, storage, display and laser technology applications, is moving towards ultraviolet, visible, infrared and other multi-frequency bands, intensity, spectroscopy, polarization, phase and other multi-dimensional, detection, imaging, ranging, communication and other multi-functional, micro-nano, ultra-fast, ultra-resolution, X-ray and terahertz optics and other new technology direction development. How to achieve high-quality informatization, networking, automation, chipping, digitization, and intelligence of optical engineering, and improve dynamic perception and processing capabilities in complex environments are important challenges facing the field.
Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation
The construction of a new generation of national measurement system has been started, the construction of the national instrument industry system has begun to lay out, the key core measurement technology under important scenarios needs to be broken, and the overall measurement capacity needs to be improved, especially the ultra-precision measurement and instrument technology in the research and development and manufacturing of high-precision equipment such as ultra-precision lithography machines, high-end aero engines and high-end industrial mother machines need to take the lead in making breakthroughs, and the manufacturing quality control capabilities need to be improved; the digital measurement that supports the development of digital manufacturing, digital medical treatment, and smart city construction needs to be improved Breakthroughs in common core technologies such as networked measurement, precision instruments and sensors are important challenges facing the field.
Networking and Communications
With the accelerated construction of 5G mobile information networks, the vertical integration of 5G networks with applications in various industries is facing great challenges. 6G R&D to accelerate the layout. As the dominant architecture supporting the global information transmission infrastructure in the next decade, the Internet faces unprecedented challenges brought about by the diverse needs of the Internet of Everything, the Internet of Everything era, toB, toM, toX, and high-speed core devices. Under the background of explosive growth of network traffic, full coverage of land, sea, air and space and "double carbon", the network needs to meet the needs of huge capacity, large connection, wide coverage, high reliability, green energy saving, low cost, etc., and elastic intelligent network architecture, service quality, user experience, network security and reliability are the important challenges facing the field.
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity in the new situation lies in the two-wheel drive of risk reduction and empowerment value-added. In the defect control and defense of the network system, how to deal with the massive stock of threats and their insufficient effective protection, the weakening of the network security boundary, how to build a threat profile, threat intelligence operation mechanism and security knowledge system; in the threat control and timing defense of the operation task, how to deal with the "unknown unknown" attack in the dynamic environment, how to build the timing defense form of threat perception, how to create a new model of computing and protection integration, and form a parallel dual structure of operation and defense How to implement risk management and quantitative assessment methods to provide network security assurance, and how to solve the problems of data security and privacy protection that are incompatible with data flow and development and utilization are the main challenges facing this field.
Hydroacoustic engineering
Using real-time information acquisition and transmission and big data processing as the means, grasping the acoustic information of underwater targets coupled with the laws of complex and changeable marine environment, and realizing the autonomous control of marine underwater information is an important challenge facing this field.
Electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic environmental effects
With the rapid development of 5G, Internet of Things, unmanned systems, artificial intelligence and other technologies, the construction and application of major infrastructure and advanced intelligent equipment or systems, electromagnetic environment adaptability and electromagnetic safety have become important constraints on the reliable and safe operation of various intelligent equipment systems. Promote the construction of electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic environmental effects, carry out research on the basic problems of electromagnetic fields, strengthen independent and original technical research such as active perception of electromagnetic environment, intelligent electromagnetic protection, electromagnetic protection bionics, and high-performance electromagnetic comprehensive simulation calculations, and improve the electromagnetic protection capabilities of intelligent equipment are important challenges currently facing this field.
control
Complex industrial dynamic system modeling with unclear causal relationship of physical information, mathematical modeling under unclear control and optimization mechanisms, input/output related information in an open environment and uncertain changes, difficulty in obtaining perceptual information, multi-scale and multi-conflict of control and decision-making goals, etc., it is necessary to carry out artificial intelligence research on industrial dynamic systems, and deeply integrate industrial Internet, industrial automation and information technology and manufacturing industry. The development of intelligent control systems and intelligent industrial software based on a new generation of information technology is an important challenge facing the field.
cognition
Accelerated integration of brain cognition and artificial intelligence, multi-scale dynamic brain observation and mechanism disclosure for cognitive functions such as memory, emotion, and vision, and the establishment of brain-inspired artificial intelligence theories and models that are easy to generalize, robustness, and low power consumption are the current technical difficulties; the application needs of high-speed and low-power scenarios such as edge computing devices, wearable devices, and high-speed devices are urgent, breaking the von Neumann computing architecture, and developing a new type of intelligent computing devices and systems with integrated sensor and memory and large bandwidth. It is an important challenge to break through the core bottleneck of current computing power and energy efficiency.
Computer systems and software
At present, there are challenges to computing theory, mechanism and methods brought about by new applications such as the foundation of intelligent computing theory is not solid, the collaborative computing paradigm of human network and matter is not mature, and the endogenous security computer theory is not clear, the difficulty of improving computing power per unit volume and energy consumption in the post-Moore era, the difficulty of a single computing architecture to effectively cope with the challenges of the support of the computing environment for the whole scenario and uncertainty, and the challenge of the theory and technology of new ubiquitous computing basic software. To this end, it is necessary to carry out research on the morphology of multi-faceted computing architecture, deeply cultivate cutting-edge technologies such as quantum, brain-like, photonics, etc., deeply integrate computing, storage and networking, continue to innovate in microarchitecture, micro-nano structure, new materials, new processes and new devices, and develop basic software for software definition, soft and hard collaboration, scene drive, application perception, and intelligent empowerment, which are all important challenges currently facing the field.
Computer
Under the background of the new era, new situation and new journey, computer applications are moving towards a new stage, giving birth to new ideas, and launching new patterns. With the deepening of the integration of the Interconnection of All Things and intelligent technology, meeting the application needs of complex scenarios such as industry, agriculture, energy, finance, commerce, transportation, government affairs, education, medical care, health, and pension has become the internal driving force for the development of computer application technology. It will become more and more important to realize the interconnection of data, information and knowledge between systems by making functional calls or exchanging and sharing data between heterogeneous information systems in complex scenarios, and to realize the integration of the real world and the new virtual reality of the virtual world. How to integrate technological development with the application of complex economic and social scenarios is an important challenge facing this field.
Respond to major emergencies
How to establish an informatized decision-making system for major emergencies at the national, provincial and municipal levels (such as the outbreak of new crown pneumonia, exceptionally heavy rainstorm disasters, etc.), brainstorm, break through limitations, and extend to all fields of economic and social development; how to integrate the data resources and scientific and technological forces of relevant departments, including medical and health, public security, transportation, construction, environmental protection, education, energy, civil affairs, state-owned enterprise data, etc., establish a big data comprehensive platform for major emergencies, form early warning capabilities and rapid response capabilities, and minimize disaster losses, It is an important challenge to cope with major emergencies and improve the country's comprehensive governance capabilities.