Elephant News reporter Geng Caixia
On February 18, the reporter learned from the Jiaozuo Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology that 10 ancient tombs were found in Wen County, including 6 Western Han tombs, 3 Eastern Han tombs, and 1 Song Dynasty tomb. About 34 pieces (sets) of pottery, bronzeware, copper coins and other utensils have been unearthed.
According to reports, this ancient tomb group is located in Yuecun Street, Wenxian County, was found in the construction project of the Comprehensive Pension Service Center in Yuecun Street, Wenxian County, and the ancient tombs discovered this time are mainly based on the Western Han Vertical Pit Tomb Road Earthen Cave Tomb, followed by the Small Brick Tomb of the Eastern Han Slope Tomb Road.
The structure of the Western Han Vertical Pit Tomb Road Tudong Tomb is mainly divided into two parts: the tomb road is a north-south rectangular vertical pit, the tomb road is north, the mouth is small, the width of the tomb is about twice that of the tudong burial chamber, the pit wall has been carefully repaired, some of them have found foot sockets, and there are some burned ashes on both sides of the entrance to the tomb under the south wall of the tomb, which is speculated to be a memorial relic. The burial chamber is located on the south side of the tomb passage, which is directly excavated from the south wall of the tomb passage, and the wall of the tomb is not finely repaired, only one human bone is accommodated, buried on its back and straight limbs, and the skull faces north. No traces of coffin decay were found in the burial chamber. These Western Han Dynasty vertical pit tombs are juxtaposed with east and west, the distribution arrangement is relatively regular, most of them are buried deeply, and the overall preservation is relatively good, and there are no burial items or only a clay pot buried at the entrance of the tomb.
Eastern Han Dynasty small brick tombs are slope tomb road small brick chamber tomb, the tomb road is facing north, can be roughly divided into tomb road, Yong road and burial chamber three parts, this batch of Eastern Han small brick tombs in the early stage was stolen and damaged, serious damage, the top of the tomb and most of the wall tiles are mutilated. One of the more special is the structural features of the tomb of M4. M4 burial chamber is divided into two parts: the front chamber and the back chamber, the front chamber is divided into two layers in the vertical space with the bottom of the tomb wall brick wall as the boundary (the front chamber wall brick to the end, the tomb chamber is not to the end), the upper layer is disturbed and damaged, the wall bricks only remain the bottom few layers, the lower layer is about 0.4 meters deep, and there are several sets of pottery burial products such as pots, pots, plates, bottles, ear cups, cases, stoves, wells, mills, pigsty, workshops, etc. The rear chamber is excavated south under the south wall of the front chamber, and the north entrance of the back chamber is divided into two parts by a brick stack, and the rear chamber is juxtaposed with two human bones, the head is facing south, and the soil filling system is artificially filled with pure loess and silt. The layout of the M4 spatial structure is relatively special, so although the upper layer of the front chamber of the tomb is seriously disturbed and damaged, no signs of disturbance have been found in the lower layer of the front chamber and the human bones in the back chamber, and they are well preserved. It is speculated that the construction design of the tomb of M4 is obviously anti-theft awareness.
The archaeological excavation area of the Wenxian Yuecun Street Comprehensive Pension Service Center is only 35 meters away from the east and west of the archaeological excavation area in 2016, and the tombs excavated twice have great similarities and similarities in terms of opening layer, tomb shape system, and combination characteristics of burial products, etc., according to which it should be the same Han Dynasty family tomb group.
It is reported that this batch of burial materials excavated by this archaeological excavation provides scientific and rich physical data for the study of funerary customs and cultural connotations of living settlements in the Wenxian area during the two Han Dynasties, and has important archaeological research value for further studying the connotation of cultural characteristics in various historical periods in Wenxian area. (Photo courtesy of Jiaozuo Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)