If the nation wants to be rejuvenated, the countryside must be revitalized. Rural revitalization is a necessary condition for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it is also a basic project. How to revitalize the countryside in an all-round way, the author believes that it is necessary to pay attention to solving the nine major problems in the current development of some rural areas, such as the "hollowing out" of villages, the "aging" of the population, the "desertification" of land, the "single stick" of young people, the "formalization" of policy implementation, the "disorder" of construction, the "desertification" of culture, the excessive "liberalization" of population flow, and the "dirty and chaotic" environment.
First, we must pay attention to solving the problem of "empty shelling" in some villages. "Empty shelling" mainly refers to the problem of fewer and fewer rural people. At present, the problem of "empty shelling" in rural areas is still relatively prominent. Although some villages have good rural construction, they lack popularity, and the villages are deserted. Especially in some marginal mountainous areas, the problem of "hollowing out" is even more prominent. Even some villages have been "dead shell", the whole village has been unoccupied for many years, and the courtyards in the village are overgrown with weeds. People are the foundation for rural revitalization. Rural revitalization cannot be reflected in "empty shell" revitalization. On the one hand, the "empty shell" of rural areas leads to a large amount of idle and wasteful infrastructure for rural revitalization; on the other hand, it also makes rural revitalization lack continuous and effective manpower investment support. To this end, in the revitalization of the countryside, it is necessary to do a good job in retaining articles, the countryside should have more popularity, and we must beware of the problem of "empty shells" in villages.
Second, we must pay attention to solving the problem of the "aging" of the rural labor force. At present, the "aging" of the rural labor force is also a prominent problem. From a practical point of view, since rural young and middle-aged people come to the city more, the "aging" level of the actual rural population should exceed the "aging" level of the urban population. Judging from some surveys, most of the rural farmers are currently over the age of 50 or about 60. The "aging" of the labor force, on the one hand, is not conducive to agricultural modernization, due to the weak ability of the elderly to accept new technologies, some advanced agricultural technologies are bound to be difficult to widely promote; on the other hand, it also makes the agricultural labor input face the problem of follow-up no one, after ten years, who will work in agriculture, will likely become a real problem in the countryside. To this end, rural revitalization must vigorously encourage the younger generation to engage in practical agriculture, and for this reason, it is necessary for relevant departments to further improve the system and policy incentives in this regard.
Third, we must pay attention to solving the problem of "desolation" of rural land. Because the income from operating land is lower than that of migrant workers in the cities, coupled with the small number of farmers in the rural areas themselves, some peasants who go to the cities to work either transfer their land to relatives or others to cultivate free of charge, or let the land be abandoned. In particular, in some remote mountainous areas, the problem of desertion is more serious, including some rural areas around the city, and there is also a problem of partial land abandonment. Land abandonment is a big problem, which must be solved in the process of rural revitalization. Because the mainland is a populous country, and there are many people and little land, and the per capita arable land is less than the world average, to ensure food security, it is necessary to make full and effective use of existing land resources, and there must be no serious land waste. How to make full and effective use of land resources should be designed in the land system, and the key is to ensure that those who actually cultivate land have higher returns, rather than those who actually own land have higher returns, which will encourage more people to engage in actual agricultural production, not just actually occupy land. In addition, relevant punitive measures should also be formulated for land reclamation. According to the size and fertility of the land area and the length of time of the land to be abandoned, certain fines or relevant penalties should be given.
Fourth, we must pay attention to solving the problem of "single sticking" of young people in rural areas. After the country's rural areas have been comprehensively lifted out of poverty and achieved a well-off society, the problem of "getting rid of the list" in rural areas has become prominent. According to relevant surveys, 90% of the country's single sticks are in rural areas. It is estimated that the current rural single stick is between about 20 million and 40 million, and the relevant accurate data here needs to be further verified, but there are many single sticks in rural areas, which are objectively existent. There are many single sticks in the countryside, and the harm is multifaceted. First, it is not conducive to the construction of harmonious families and harmonious villages. For example, there are many cases of adultery and the tension between parents and children, and some parents often take the form of children's marriage in order to find a partner for their sons, resulting in the tragedy of their children's marriages, etc., in addition, it also leads to the prevalence of high-priced marriages in rural areas. Second, it is not conducive to social stability. Many crimes have a lot to do with single sticks. For example, rape, abduction and trafficking of women and children are also related to single sticks. Third, it is also not conducive to economic development. Due to the long-term lack of family constraints, some single sticks are lazy and lazy, lack self-motivation, do not work hard to enrich their human capital, and are in a state of chaotic life all day long. Fourth, it is also not conducive to population growth. In some villages, there is even a phenomenon of single-handedness of the whole family, and some families are even extinct. How to solve the problem of single sticks, the government needs to have targeted and focused investigation and research, and formulate effective countermeasures according to local conditions and local conditions.
Fifth, we must pay attention to solving the problem of "formalization" of policy implementation. The "formalization" of policy implementation means that the party and state policies on rural revitalization are not reflected in the substantive implementation at the implementation level, but only in the form of implementation, which has two main manifestations. The first is to turn rural revitalization into bonsai revitalization, only a few models for everyone to visit, or to cope with inspections, and has not achieved scenic revitalization. The second is to turn rural revitalization into "digital revitalization", and some cadres do not engage in actual industrial development and industrial planning in the first line, but stay in the office and are busy filling out forms and making numbers, and engaging in number games. How to properly solve the problem of "formalization" is, first of all, we must further solve the problem of cadres' ideological understanding and further consolidate our sense of purpose. Second, it is necessary to formulate scientific assessment methods and strictly implement them. Third, it is necessary to further improve the implementation system for rural revitalization. All localities should make clear the advantages and disadvantages of their own resources through real investigations, and implement well the central and national rural revitalization policies according to local conditions.
Sixth, we must pay attention to solving the problem of "disorderly" village construction. The "disorderly" construction of villages is manifested in two aspects. First, the peasants' housing construction is disorderly. In the process of building houses, the site selection of farmers is often disorderly and random, most of them are farmers' independent decision-making, random layout, and the architectural style is also disorderly, the level is not the same, the overall village house is very uncoordinated, in addition, in the process of building houses, there are still some disorderly encroachment problems on public resources, such as the transitional occupation of public roads next to the houses, resulting in many chaos and contradictions within the village. The second is the disorderly construction of village infrastructure. Some villages are engaged in construction, lack overall planning, are very arbitrary, and if they want to demolish and demolish, and if they want to build, they are all decided by individual leaders and lack scientific argumentation; in addition, even if some villages have plans, they are also decorations, mainly for inspection by higher levels, and have not been actually implemented. How to solve the problem of "disorderly" village construction, the key is that the government must play a leading role, especially to do a good job in construction planning, and at the same time, with a plan, it must be strictly implemented according to the plan.
Seventh, we must pay attention to solving the problem of "desertification" of rural culture. There are three specific manifestations of cultural "desertification". First, there is a serious loss of farming culture. The reason for this is related to the excessive erosion of traditional agriculture by industrialization. The excessive erosion of traditional agriculture by industrialization includes both the excessive erosion of the reasonable profits of agriculture and the excessive erosion of the excellent production methods of agriculture, which ultimately put agriculture itself on the road of quick success and violation of natural principles. The second is the serious loss of Confucian filial piety culture. The separation of urban and rural areas between young and elderly in rural areas has deprived the inheritance of filial piety culture from family support. In some rural families, young people have become the "ancestors" of their parents, parents have become servants and waiters for their children, mothers-in-law have become daughters-in-law, and daughters-in-law have become mothers-in-law. The third is the serious loss of collectivist culture and public spirit. The inadequacy of collective economic development and the lack of public activity, as well as the atomization of the mode of production, also exacerbated the psychological tendency of peasant individualism. Some peasants pay little attention to collective affairs and public activities, and the big things that happen in other people's homes have nothing to do with me. How to solve the problem of cultural "desertification" is, first, in the mode of production, we must pay attention to developing agriculture in accordance with the characteristics of agriculture itself and cannot over-industrialize; second, we must vigorously develop the rural collective economy; third, the construction of rural material civilization and spiritual civilization must go hand in hand, and we must not have one leg long and one leg short.
Eighth, we must pay attention to solving the problem of excessive "liberalization" of the flow of people in villages. The so-called excessive "liberalization" of the flow of population in some villages means that the population movement in some villages is too laissez-faire, and no one cares where the peasants go and what they do, and no one asks them, which is extremely free. This excessive "liberalization" of rural population mobility not only aggravates "rural diseases", such as "empty shells" and "desertification", but also aggravates "urban diseases", such as overcrowding and slums in cities, and a significant increase in the cost of social governance. How to deal with excessive "liberalization" of population mobility, first, it is necessary to further innovate the rural governance system, peasants go out to work, and the village level must also strengthen management, further improve the registration and reporting system, and strive to achieve orderly mobility; second, cities must also improve the population access management system, for example, whether they have certain employment skills, whether they have a certain independent living ability, whether they have stable residences, whether they meet the employment needs of cities, whether they have criminal records, and so on Third, the relevant urban departments should fully provide society with information on employment needs and provide reference for the flow of migrant workers.
Ninth is to pay attention to solving the problem of "dirty and chaotic" environment in some villages. Some village environment "dirty and chaotic" is manifested in two aspects, one is "dirty", such as garbage everywhere, serious pollution, etc., and the other is "chaos", such as random digging and construction, traffic is messy, streets are messy, etc. China wants beauty, and the countryside wants beauty. The countryside must be beautiful, and the village environment must be beautiful. For the village environment to be beautiful, it is necessary to eliminate the problem of "dirty and chaotic". First, we must firmly establish the development concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains, and development must not be at the cost of destroying the environment and must not be at the cost of overdrafting the future. The second is to achieve the strictest ecological environmental protection system, and to achieve zero tolerance for acts that damage the environment. Third, we must focus on adjusting the industrial structure, give priority to ecological benefits in industrial development, and strive to achieve the organic unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits, and social benefits. The fourth is to further improve the rural garbage management system and explore the establishment of an effective rural garbage management model. Fifth, the problem of rural toilets should be focused on treatment. Sixth, it is necessary to form an overall construction and development plan for a village, and organically unify industrial development planning and ecological environmental protection planning, infrastructure construction planning, and residential construction planning.
About the Author
Song Guiwu, male, born on October 25, 1964, is a second-level professor, full-time deputy director of the Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the Gansu Provincial Party School (School of Administration), a member of the Decision-making Advisory Committee of the Gansu Provincial People's Government, a special researcher of the Counselor's Office of the Gansu Provincial People's Government, an expert of the Gansu Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, a distinguished professor of Northwest A & F University, a resident expert of Lanzhou College of Arts and Sciences, a vice president of the Gansu Sannong Research Association, and a vice president of the Gansu Alumni Association of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The first-level leading talent of Gansu Province, the honorary title of "The Most Beautiful All-round Well-off Builder in 2020".